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이인규,이은행,김재민,Rhee, Inkyu,Lee, Eun-Haeng,Kim, Jae-Min 한국지진공학회 2021 한국지진공학회논문집 Vol.25 No.3
A shake table test is conducted for the three-story reinforced concrete building structure using 0.28 g, 0.5 g, 0.75 g, and 1.0 g of seismic input motions based on the Gyeongju earthquake. Computational efforts are made in parallel to explore the mechanical details in the structure. For engineering practice, the elastic modulus of concrete and rebar in the dynamic analysis is reduced to 38% and 50%, respectively, to calibrate the structure's natural frequencies. The engineering approach to the reduced modulus of elasticity is believed to be due to the inability to specify the flexibility of the actual boundary conditions. This aspect may lead to disadvantages of nonlinear dynamic analysis that can distort local stress and strain relationships. The initial elastic modulus can be applied directly without the so-called engineering adjustment with infinite element models with spring and spring-dashpot boundary conditions. This has the advantage of imposing the system flexibility of the structure on the sub-boundary conditions of springs and damping devices to control its sensitivity in a serial arrangement. This can reflect the flexibility of realistic boundary conditions and the effects of system damping (such as the gap between a concrete footing and shake table, loosening of steel anchors, etc.) in scalar quantities. However, these spring and dashpot coefficients can only be coordinated based on experimental results, making it challenging to select the coefficients in-prior to perform an experimental test.
석유피치 재활용 탄소섬유를 혼입한 모르타르의 인장 특성
이인규,이준석,김진희,김융암,김우,Rhee, Inkyu,Lee, Jun Seok,Kim, Jin Hee,Kim, Yoong Ahm,Kim, Woo 한국자원리싸이클링학회 2017 資源 리싸이클링 Vol.26 No.6
피치계 탄소섬유를 함유한 모르타르의 직접인장강도는 평균압축강도의 1/27~1/22에 해당하였다. 동일 양의 PAN계 탄소섬유를 함유한 모르타르의 직접인장강도가 1/15임에 비하여, 낮은 수준으로 나타났다. 이 때, 무보강 기준시편의 직접인장강도는 1/29 수준이었다. 피치계 탄소섬유를 함유한 모르타르의 휨인장강도는 평균압축강도에 비해, 약 1/12 수준으로 나타났고, PAN계 탄소섬유를 함유한 모르타르와 무보강 모르타르는 각각 1/10, 1/13.5의 수준으로 나타났다. 피치계 탄소섬유를 혼입한 모르타르의 인장성능은 무보강 모르타르와 PAN계 탄소섬유를 혼입한 모르타르의 중간 수준으로 나타났다. The direct tensile strength of the mortar specimen containing pitch-based carbon fiber was ranged between 1/27~1/22 as compared to the average compressive strength of mortar. It was found that the direct tensile strength of the mortar containing the same amount of PAN-based carbon fiber was around 1/15. While the case of the control specimen without the carbon fiber was around 1/29. One the other hands, the flexural tensile strength of the mortar containing pitch-based carbon fibers was about 1/12 as compared to the average compressive strength. In case of the mortar specimen with PAN-based carbon fiber and control mortar were 1/10 and 1/13.5, respectively. The tensile performance of the mortar with pitch-based carbon fiber was found to be intermediate between control mortar and the reinforced mortar incorporated with the PAN-based carbon fiber.
C3-MR 공정의 프로판 사이클 압력 레벨에 따른 에너지효율 최적화를 위한 사례연구
이인규(Inkyu Lee),탁경재(Kyungjae Tak),임원섭(Wonsub Lim),문일(Il Moon),김학성(Haksung Kim),최광호(Kwangho Choi) 한국가스학회 2011 한국가스학회지 Vol.15 No.6
천연가스 액화공정은 극저온에서 운전되며 에너지 소비가 매우 크기 때문에 압축기의 에너지 소모를 최소화하는 것이 공정의 효율 측면에서 중요하다. 여러 가지 천연가스 액화공정 중 C3-MR(Propane Pre-cooled Mixed Refrigerant) 공정의 경우 순수냉매인 프로판과 혼합냉매를 사용하는 두 개의 냉각 사이클로 구성되어있다. 본 연구에서는 C3-MR 공정에서 최적의 프로판 압력 레벨을 찾기 위해 프로판 사이클을 별개로 구성하여 모사하였다. 또한, 압력 레벨에 따른 조건을 변화시켜가며 사례 연구를 수행하고 이를 통해 압축기에서 소모되는 에너지양을 비교하였다. 그 결과 압력 레벨이 높을수록 총 에너지 소모량이 감소하는 것을 확인 할 수 있었다. 압력 레벨이 3일 때 보다 압력 레벨이 5일 때 에너지 소모는 약 23.7% 감소하는 값을 얻을 수 있었다. Natural gas liquefaction process runs under cryogenic condition, and it spends large amount of energy. Minimizing energy consumption of natural gas liquefaction process is an important issue because of its physical characteristics. Among many kinds of natural gas liquefaction processes, C3-MR(Propane Pre-cooled Mixed Refrigerant) process uses two kind of refrigerants. One is the propane as the pure refrigerant(PR) and the other is the mixed refrigerant(MR). In this study, to find the optimal compressing level, propane cycle is simulated on different pressure level. The case study result shows relationship between energy consumption and pressure level. As a result, the conclusion is that at a higher pressure level, process consumes lower energy. At 5 pressure-levels, energy consumption is 23.7% lower than 3 pressure-levels.
동력 공급 장치 선택을 통한 C3MR 공정의 순수냉매 사이클 설계 분석
이인규(Inkyu Lee),탁경재(Kyungjae Tak),임원섭(Wonsub Lim),문일(Il Moon),김학성(Haksung Kim),최광호(Kwangho Choi) 한국가스학회 2013 한국가스학회지 Vol.17 No.3
극저온에서 운전되는 천연가스 액화공정은 에너지 소모가 매우 크다. 천연가스 액화공정 내 대부분의 에너지는 압축기에서 소모되기 때문에 압축기에 소모되는 총 에너지 소모량을 최소화 시키는 것이 공정 설계 및 운전 시중요한 요소가 된다. 다양한 천연가스 액화공정 중 C3MR (Propane Pre-cooled Mixed Refrigerant) 공정은 혼합냉매와 순수냉매 사이클로 구성된다. 본 연구에서는 C3MR 공정 내 순수냉매 사이클의 최적의 설계를 찾기 위해 압력의 수를 다르게 하여 모사하였다. 이를 통해 압력 단계에 따라 압축기에서 필요로 하는 에너지양을 비교하였다. 또한, 장치 수에 따른 공정의 비용 분석을 위해 동력 공급 장치 선택 모델을 적용하였다. 결론적으로 장치를 많이 사용하는 설계일수록 더 적은 에너지를 필요로 한다는 결과를 얻을 수 있었으며, 이를 비용적인 측면으로 전환하여 평가 할 수 있는 기준을 제시하였다. Natural gas liquefaction process which is operated under cryogenic condition spends large amount of energy. Most of energy in the natural gas liquefaction process is consumed by compressors. Therefore, minimizing energy consumption of compressors is an important issue in process design and operation. Among various natural gas liquefaction processes, propane pre-cooled mixed refrigerant (C3MR) process consists of mixed refrigerant system and pure refrigerant system. In this study, to find the optimal design of pure refrigerant system, pure refrigerant cycle is simulated on different number of pressure levels and the necessary energy of each design is compared. After that, the driver selection model is applied to analyse each processes, which has different number of equipments, in terms of cost. As the result, the design using many equipments spends lower energy. Using this result, this study suggests standard of process design selection by the cost term.
이인규(Inkyu Lee) 19세기영어권문학회 2019 19세기 영어권 문학 Vol.23 No.2
In spite of being Dickens’s first real project to prove his novelistic capacity, Barnaby Rudge has been generally considered as ‘the most unsatisfactory’ of Dickens’s works. This study challenges this widely-accepted view in the criticism of Barnaby Rudge and tries to reestablish its status in Dickens’s world. A close reading shows that the seemingly clumsy ‘broken-backed’ plot of Barnaby Rudge, which most critics disapprove as a crucial defect of the novel, is only an illusive aspect of a very carefully woven structure. Dickens’s narrative strategy uses the intended looseness of the first half of the story to maximize the ironical effect through a contrast against the tight intensity of the second half. Dickens’s creative representations of father-son relationships also contribute to building a solid fictional world of Barnaby Rudge as a historical novel. The filial conflicts and rebellions of Joe Willet, Edward Chester, and Hugh against their oppressive or corrupt fathers demonstrate the novel’s theme as a microcosm of the whole social crisis and rebellion caused by Gordon riots. The vivid descriptions of the violent and destructive nature of the Gordon riots reveals Dickens’s negative middle-class view on social revolution and violence, but it should be viewed as Dickens’s personal ideological stance, not as his novelistic limitation. A real literary defect of Barnaby Rudge as a historical novel can be found in the too much overflow of Dickens’s uncontrolled comic impulses, which fails to harmonize with his historical imagination. All things considered, Barnaby Rudge does not deserve the unfair reputation as a serious failure. As a pivotal work of Dickens’s earl career, it is much better than Dickens’s previous novels such as Oliver Twist or The Old Curious Shop: it should be installed as one of Dickens’s representative works, successfully illustrating his creative capability as a novelist.
확폭플랜지를 갖는 U형 프리스트레스 거더의 유사정적거동
이인규(Rhee Inkyu),이주범(Lee Joo-Beom),김이현(Kim Lee-Hyeon),박주남(Park Joo-Nam),곽종원(Kwak Jong-Won) 한국철도학회 2008 한국철도학회 학술발표대회논문집 Vol.- No.-
A girder height limitation is the critical parameter for rapid construction of bridge deck and construction space limitation especially in urban area such as high population area and high density habitats. A standard post-tensioned I-shaped concrete girder usually demands relatively higher girder height in order to retain sufficient moment arm between compression force and tensile force. To elaborate this issue, a small U-shaped section with wide flanges can be used as a possible replacement of I-shaped standard girder. This prestressed concrete box girder allows more flexible girder height adjustment rather than standard I-shaped post-tensioned girder plus additional torsion resistance benefits of closed section. A 30m-long, 1.7m-high and3.63m-wide actual small prestressed concrete box girder is designed and a laboratory test for its static behaviors by applying 6,200kN amount of load in the form of 4-point bending test was performed. The load-deflection curve and crack patterns at different loading stage are recorded. In addition, to extracting the dynamic characteristics such as natural frequency and damping ratio of this girder, several excitation tests with artificial mechanical exciter with un-symmetric mass are carried out using operational frequency sweep-up. Nonlinear finite element analysis of this 4 point bending test under monotonic static load is investigated and discussed with aids of concrete damaged plasticity formulation using ABAQUS program.