티타늄 기판 위에 강유전성 BaTiO₃박막 형성과 분극처리에 의한 Eagle’s MEM 용액에서의 Calcium Phosphate 생성

이용렬,정영화,황규석,송호준,박영준,Lee, Yong-Ryeol,Jeong, Young-Hwa,Hwang, Kyu-Seog,Song, Ho-Jun,Park, Yeong-Joon 한국재료학회 2002 한국재료학회지 Vol.12 No.7

Titanium (Ti) is a bioinert material and has lower elastic coefficient and better strength/volume property than other metals. Ferroelectric materials show alignment of positive and negative charges by poling treatment. This study was purposed to develop a new implant system by combining the advantages of Ti and ferroelectric property of $BaTiO_3$ (BTO). It was performed with the assumption that the $Ca^{2+ }$ ions would be easily attracted on negatively charged surface and the attracted cation might behave as nuclei for bone-like crystal growth in biological solutions. A ferroelectric BTO thin film on Ti was fabricated and the effect of poling treatment on the improvement of calcium phosphate (Ca-P) formation in biological solutions was evaluated. After immersion in Eagle’s minimum essential media (MEM) solution, NaCl was formed on Ti, and Ca-P layer containing NaCl was formed on Ti-O. Weak and sparse Ca-P layers were formed on BTO, while thick, homogeneous, and dense Ca-P layer was formed on negatively polarized BTO (N-BTO), which was confirmed by FE-SEM and EDX. In summary, these results demonstrate that poling the ferroelectric BTO surface negatively is effective for the formation of Ca-P layer in MEM solution, and that N-BTO coating on Ti could be used as a possible alternative method for enhancing the osseointegration of the implants.

테마파크 내 어린이 놀이공간의 콘텐츠기반 인터랙션 디자인에 관한 연구

이용렬,강성중 디자인융복합학회(구.한국인포디자인학회) 2012 디자인융복합연구 Vol.11 No.3

To increase the number of visitors and repeat rate at theme park, target-oriented content development and interaction design with customers are critical. The playground area in theme park is a complex space to stimulate kids' five senses and give creative and educational effect for kids beyond entertainment. This study aims to explore content and interaction design application methods for kids play-ground through case studies. Characters, ridings, landscape, service facilities, game, and interaction have consistency based on story and theme at successful cases. For designing kids play space, six elements are needed: content based on pre-conception story, human-sensing interaction, stimuli for imagination and curiosity, program to play with parents, experiencing non-daily space, and kids-oriented overall environment. The core issue of designing playground is 'extracting curiosity and meeting expectation of children', and efficient combination of six elements is required according to purpose of spatial experience. 테마파크 운영의 핵심이 되는 방문자 수와 재방문율을 높이기 위해 타겟에 맞는 콘텐츠 개발과 고객과의 입체적 인터랙션은 중시되고 있다. 테마파크 내 어린이 놀이공간은 단순 놀이공간 이상으로 어린이들의 오감을 자극하여 창의적이고 교육적인 효과를 줄 수 있는 복합공간이며, 본 연구는 사례 분석을 통해 어린이 놀이공간에 적합한 콘텐츠와 이에 기초한 인터랙션 디자인 적용방법의 모색을 목적으로 한다. 성공적인 해외 사례들은 캐릭터, 놀이기구, 조경, 서비스 시설, 게임, 인터랙션 등이 스토리와 테마에 기초하여 일관성을 가진다. 어린이 놀이공간 디자인에는 스토리의 사전인지가 가능한 콘텐츠, 오감과 반응하는 체험형 인터랙션 요소, 상상력과 호기심을 자극할 수 있는 요소, 부모와 함께할 수 있는 프로그램, 비일상적인 공간 체험, 그리고 참여와 놀이가 이루어질 수 있는 환경조성 등 6개의 요소가 필요하다. 어린이 놀이공간 디자인에서 핵심은 ‘어린이 호기심 추출과 기대 충족’으로, 공간 경험의 목적에 따라 6가지 요소의 효율적 조합이 필요하다.

존 개발 사례분석을 통한 워터파크 발전 방향에 관한 연구

이용렬 한국디자인지식학회 2009 디자인지식저널 Vol.12 No.-

1960~80년대의 양적 경제발전의 시기를 지나 1990년대에 들어서면서 우리나라는 많은 질적 변화를 맞이하게 된다. 국민소득이 증대하고 휴무일수가 늘어나고 주5일 근무가 확산되면서 개인의 여가생활과 웰빙 문화가 정착이 되었고 그에 따른 다양한 문화, 여가, 레저의 욕구가 생겨났으며 시설물 또한 그에 맞춰 많은 질적, 양적 변화가 이루어졌다. 그 중에서도 워터파크는 1996년 에버랜드의 캐리비안 베이를 시작으로 현재 크고 작은 워터파크들이 지속적으로 생겨나고 있으며 이용자 또한 급속히 증가하고 있는 상황이다. 특히, 대부분의 워터파크가 2000년 이후 오픈하여 아직 시설물의 노후가 심하지 않아 대대적인 개보수 또는 확장개발의 필요성이 많지는 않은 상황이지만 오픈 13주년을 맞이한 캐리비안 베이의 경우 새로운 기종의 도입으로 한 단계 업그레이드를 해야 할 필요성과 함께 영업의 지속적인 활성화를 위하여 새로운 존의 개발이 절실히 요구 되었다. 본 연구는 에버랜드 캐리비안 베이의 새로운 존 개발 프로젝트 사례를 통하여 국내 테마파크의 지속적인 성장 발전을 위한 방향을 제시하고 기업의 목표인 입장객 및 매출향상에 도움이 될 수 있도록 하는데 목적이 있다.

논문 : 테마파크 내 어린이 놀이공간의 콘텐츠기반 인터랙션 디자인에 관한 연구

이용렬 ( Yong Ryeol Lee ),강성중 ( Sung Joong Kang ),이용렬 ( Yong Ryeol Lee ) 디자인융복합학회 2012 디자인융복합연구 Vol.11 No.3

테마파크 운영의 핵심이 되는 방문자 수와 재방문율을 높이기 위해 타겟에 맞는 콘텐츠 개발과 고객과의 입체적 인터랙션은 중시되고 있다. 테마파크 내 어린이 놀이공간은 단순 놀이공간 이상으로 어린이들의 오감을 자극하여 창의적이고 교육적인 효과를 줄 수 있는 복합공간이며, 본 연구는 사례 분석을 통해 어린이 놀이공간에 적합한 콘텐츠와 이에 기초한 인터랙션 디자인 적용방법의 모색을 목적으로 한다. 성공적인 해외 사례들은 캐릭터, 놀이기구, 조경, 서비스 시설, 게임, 인터랙션 등이 스토리와 테마에 기초하여 일관성을 가진다. 어린이 놀이공간 디자인에는 스토리의 사전인지가 가능한 콘텐츠, 오감과 반응하는 체험형 인터랙션 요소, 상상력과 호기심을 자극할 수 있는 요소, 부모와 함께할 수 있는 프로그램, 비일상적인 공간 체험, 그리고 참여와 놀이가 이루어질 수 있는 환경조성 등 6개의 요소가 필요하다. 어린이 놀이공간 디자인에서 핵심은 ‘어린이 호기심 추출과 기대 충족’으로, 공간 경험의 목적에 따라 6가지 요소의 효율적 조합이 필요하다. To increase the number of visitors and repeat rate at theme park, target-oriented content development and interaction design with customers are critical. The playground area in theme park is a complex space to stimulate kids` five senses and give creative and educational effect for kids beyond entertainment. This study aims to explore content and interaction design application methods for kids play-ground through case studies. Characters, ridings, landscape, service facilities, game, and interaction have consistency based on story and theme at successful cases. For designing kids play space, six elements are needed: content based on pre-conception story, human-sensing interaction, stimuli for imagination and curiosity, program to play with parents, experiencing non-daily space, and kids-oriented overall environment. The core issue of designing playground is ``extracting curiosity and meeting expectation of children``, and efficient combination of six elements is required according to purpose of spatial experience.

우든 롤러코스터 도입에 따른 공간계획 및 시설물 디자인 개발

이용렬(LEE Yong-Ryeol) 한국디자인학회 2009 디자인학연구 Vol.22 No.6

테마파크 내 개발사례 분석을 통한 테마거리 디자인 연구

이용렬(Lee Yong-Ryeol) 한국디자인학회 2010 디자인학연구 Vol.23 No.3

존 개발 사례분석을 통한 워터파크 발전 방향에 관한 연구

이용렬(Lee, Yong Ryeol) 한국디자인지식학회 2009 디자인지식저널 Vol.12 No.-

1960~80년대의 양적 경제발전의 시기를 지나 1990년대에 들어서면서 우리나라는 많은 질적 변화를 맞이하게 된다. 국민소득이 증대하고 휴무일수가 늘어나고 주5일 근무가 확산되면서 개인의 여가생활과 웰빙 문화가 정착이 되었고 그에 따른 다양한 문화, 여가, 레저의 욕구가 생겨났으며 시설물 또한 그에 맞춰 많은 질적, 양적 변화가 이루어졌다. 그 중에서도 워터파크는 1996년 에버랜드의 캐리비안 베이를 시작으로 현재 크고 작은 워터파크들이 지속적으로 생겨나고 있으며 이용자 또한 급속히 증가하고 있는 상황이다. 특히, 대부분의 워터파크가 2000년 이후 오픈하여 아직 시설물의 노후가 심하지 않아 대대적인 개보수 또는 확장개발의 필요성이 많지는 않은 상황이지만 오픈 13주년을 맞이한 캐리비안 베이의 경우 새로운 기종의 도입으로 한 단계 업그레이드를 해야 할 필요성과 함께 영업의 지속적인 활성화를 위하여 새로운 존의 개발이 절실히 요구 되었다. 본 연구는 에버랜드 캐리비안 베이의 새로운 존 개발 프로잭트 사례를 통하여 국내 테마파크의 지속적인 성장 발전을 위한 방향을 제시하고 기업의 목표인 입장객 및 매출향상에 도움이 될 수 있도록 하는데 목적이 있다. After the fast economic growing eras through 19601980", people entering 1990"s were facing the era of changes. Increase of GDP and weekend due to working 5 days leads to the new culture of well-being arid leisure. Also the facilities that are object of the culture have to be upgraded in not only quantity wise arid also quality wise. Among those facilities, a number of water parks, which were originated from Caribbean Bay of Everland in 1996, have been developed arid millions of people are enjoying them. Whereas the other water parks which mostly have opened in 2000" are not old and exhausted, the 13 year old Caribbean Bay is the water park that needs to be renewed and renovated. New attraction and area development will upgrade the level of the water park arid fertilize the operation of Caribbean Bay. This study is to provide the proposition in order for Caribbean Bay to grow consistently in attendance and in revenue through a new zone development project case.

영장류 전시 개발 사례를 통한 동물원 설계 방향 제시

이용렬(LEE Yong-Ryeol) 한국디자인학회 2009 디자인학연구 Vol.22 No.6

치과용 갈륨합금의 조성변화가 부식 및 기계적특성에 미치는 영향

박영준,이용렬,이도재,Norling, Berry K,Rawls, H Ralph 대한치과기재학회 2001 대한치과재료학회지 Vol.28 No.2

This study was performed to evaluate the effects of compositional variations of dental gallium alloys on their corrosion and mechanical behaviors. 60Ag-28Sn-12Cu wt% (ST group) was prepare by atomization. ST-Pd and ST-Pt groups were prepared by substituting part of tin (Sn) with Pd (2 wt%) and Pt (0.05 wt%), respectively. Low-and high-copper amalgam alloys (LCA and HCA) were also prepared by atomization method for comparison. Alloy powders of each group were mixed with liquid gallium alloy that was composed of 61.98Ga-24.99In-12.98Sn-0.05Bi wt%. Specimens were made according to ADA specification no. 1. Corrosion behavior was evaluated by potentiodynamic anodic polarization test together with X-ray diffractometry (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy/energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM/EDS). 24 hour-compressive strengths and dimensional changes were measured. Following results were obtained. ST-Pd group showed most anodic behavior with the corrosion potential (E□) of-707 mV (vs. SCE), which is a significant shift in the noble direction from the -883 mV(vs.SCE) of the ST group (p<0.05). Among the specimens of St-Pd group, one specimen even had an E□ of -580 mV showing pronounced improvement in corrosion resistance. LCA group showed the worst corrosion resistance, having E□ of -896 mV. Set specimens had multi-phase microstructures consisting of Ag9In4, CuGa₂, □-Sn, Ag□₂Ga₂□, AG₄Sn and Cu3Sn, and all the groups showed similar XRD patterns. Ag9In4 was the main reaction matrix phase showing strongest XRD peak. CuGa2 phase surrounded the unreacted powder particles. A mixture of light Ag9In4 phase and a dark gray Ga42.3-Cu17.1-Ag16.8-Bi0.2 wt% solid solution appeared in the intergranular layer. ST-Pd group required the shortest mixing time. The intensity of the Ag4Sn peak of unreacted powder was lower and peak intensity of Ag□Ga₂□ phase, which is more corrosion resistant, was higher when compared to that of ST group. Sn(Cu)-Cl corrosion products having various morphologies were formed on corroded specimen surfaces. ST-Pd group had lesser deposition of corrosion product compared to other groups. LCA group specimens corroded more than HCA group specimens. 27-hour ST-Pd group showed highest value compared to those of other groups (p<0.05). HCA group showed higher compressive strength compared to that of LCA group. 24-hour setting expansions were ST-Pd*****(0.24%)<<LCH(0.43%)<ST-Pt(0.51%) <ST(0.56%)<<HCA(1.33). ST-Pd group showed significantly lower setting expansion (p<0.014). HCA group having 28 wt% Cu in alloy powder showed 1.33% setting expansion value which is significantly higher than those of other groups (p<0.01). In summary, substituting 2 wt% palladium for 2 wt% tin in the alloy powder improved the corrosion resistance and compressive strength, and reduced the degree of setting expansion. High-copper content induced excessive setting expansion. This finding indicates that there is still room for further improvement of the corrosion resistance and mechanical properties of dental gallium alloys through composition modification. With furher research, there is still a possibility for gallium alloy to become a successful substitute for dental amalgam.

상아질 결합제의 종류와 처리방법에 따른 전단결합강도와 상아질-레진 결합계면 미세구조에 관한 연구

임창하,이용렬,정영화,송호준,박영준 大韓齒科器材學會 2003 대한치과재료학회지 Vol.30 No.1

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the dentin bonding agents (DBA) with the variations of the bonding system generations (4^th, 5^th and 6^th) and application methods by comparing the shear bond strengths (SBS) which were determined 24 h after application and dentin-adhesive interface microstructure. It was also aimed to suggest the theoretical clues for the adequate use of each bonding systems. The parameters were 1) generation of bonding systems (one product of 4^th, eight products of 5^th, and three products of 6^th generation), 2) moisture condition of the dentin surface after acid conditioning (moist group vs. dry group), 3) solvent type of the primers (three acetone-based, one acetone/ethanol-based, two water/ethanol-based, four water-based, one ethanol-based, one water/acetone-based), and 4) type of etchants (seven with phosphoric acid, three with self-etching primer, and one with 10-3 etchant). The results were as follows; One-bottle adhesives had comparable shear bond strengths compared to multiple component bonding agents, and some showed even higher results. Single Bond had the highest SBS value (20.6 ㎫) in the moist subgroup. For 4th and 5th generation DBAs, except for Mac Bond Ⅱ, all bonding systems showed lower SBS when dentin became desiccated after the conditioning-rinsing step, and generally shorter resin tags were produced in dry condition. Acetone-based adhesives generally showed better penetrability into dentinal tubules, and tended to be more sensitive to the degree of dentin dampness compared to those of the ethanol- or water-based adhesives. With Mac Bond Ⅱ which uses a self-etching primer, even though the hybrid layer was thin with a thickness of 1∼2 μ m, SBS was comparatively high. In the case of 6^th generation DBAs, Prompt L-Pop showed significantly lower SBS to dentin (7.4 ㎫) compared to those of AQ bond (13.3 ㎫) and One-Up Bond F (13.1 ㎫)(p<0.05). The hybrid layer was thin with a thickness of about 1μ m. In the case of AQ bond and One-Up Bond F, dentinal tubules were relatively well sealed. In the case of Prompt L-Pop, on the other hand, some of the dentinal tubules were not completely sealed, and fractured resin tags and separation between the hybrid layer and composite resin were observed. In the case of AQ bond, about 15μ m-thick resin layer was formed and many of the adhesive resin tags could not penetrate deep into the dentinal tubules. In the case of One-Up Bond F, many resin tags which are more than 50μ m-long were formed, but short penetration was also seen in some tubules. It is concluded that even though resin tag formation contributes in some extent for the bond strength, sufficient penetration of the adhesive resin to the exposed collagen meshwork and complete curing there in, and having sufficient strength to withstand the stress caused by the polymerization shrinkage during the light curing is essential for the success of the bonding procedure.