몇 가지 農藥의 亞致死量 處理가 벼멸구(Nilaparvata lugens Stål)의 生殖力 및 個體群密度에 미치는 影響

李時赫,崔承允 한국응용곤충학회 1986 한국응용곤충학회지 Vol.25 No.3

본(本) 시험(試驗)은 살균제(殺菌劑) validamycin A와 neoasozin, 그리고 살충제 diazinon과 decamethrin 의 아치사량(亞致死量)이 벼멸구(Nilaparvata lugens Stal)의 생식력(生植力), 부화(孵化), 성충수명, 감로배설량(甘露排泄量), 차세대개체군밀도(次世代個體群密度) 및 이들 개체군(個體群)에 의한 hopperburn 발견(發現)에 미치는 몇가지 영향을 조사하기 위하여 실시하였던 바, 얻어진 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 벼멸구의 산란수(産卵數)는 validamycin A와 neoazin 처리(處理)에서는 무처리(無處理)와 대등(對等)하였으나, diazinon과 deeamethrin처리(處理)에서는 각각 증가(增加)되었는데, 저농도(低濃度)로 갈수록 그들 증가율(增加率)은 높아지는 경향(傾向)이었다. 일당(日當) 산란수(産卵數)에 있어서, 약제처리(藥劑處理)에서 최고산란수(最高産卵數)는 무처리(無處理)에 비해 낮았으나, 약제처리(藥劑處理) 초기(初期)와 후기(後期)의 산란수(産卵數)는 무처리(無處理)에 비해 높게 나타났다. 2. 성충처리에서 얻어진 난(卵)의 부화율(孵化率)은 모든 처리(處理)에서 약제(藥劑)에 의해 영향을 받지 않았다. 3. 공시약제(供試藥劑) 모두 벼멸구 성충수명을 증대(增大)시켰다 .4. 벼멸구의 감로배설량(甘露排泄量)은 validamycin A와 neoasozin처리(處理)에서는, 무처리(無處理)와 같은 수준이었으나 diazinon 과 deeamethrinl처리(處理)에서는 의 증가율을 보였다. 5. 실내(室內)의 acryl pot에서 조사(調査)한 차세대(次世代) 벼멸구의 부화약충수는 diazinon과 deeamethrin처리(處理)에서 의 증가율(增加率)을 보여 산란수(産卵數)의 증가(增加)와 일치하는 경향을 보였다. 6. Pot시험(試驗)에서, 약제처리(藥劑處理) 후(後) 조성(組成)된 벼멸구 차세대개체군밀도(次世代個體群密度)는 전반적(全般的)으로 모든 처리(處理)에서 무처리(無處理)에 비해 증가(增加)되었는데, 특히 diazinon 과 decamethrin 처리(處理)에서 높은 증가율(增加率)을 보였다. 7. 약제처리(藥劑處理) 후(後), hopperburn발현도(發現度)는 약제(藥劑)의 종류(種類) 및 처리농도(處理濃度)에 따라 큰 차이(差異)를 보였는데, hopperburn발현(發現)은 diazinon, decamethrin 처리(處理)에서 크게 촉진(促進)되었다. 이상의 결과(結果)를 종합적(綜合的)으로 볼 때, diazinon 과 decamethrin의 처리(處理)는 포장(圃場)에서 벼멸구의 산란력(産卵力)과 성충수명을 증대(增大)시키고, 식이활동(食餌活動)을 촉진(促進)함으로서 벼멸구의 resurgence를 유발(誘發)하고 아울러 수도체(水稻體)의 hopperbun을 가속화시킬 가능성(可能性)이 있음을 알 수 있었다. These experiments were performed to investigate the effects of sublethal doses of fungicides (validamycin A 3 Sp and neoasozin 6.5 Lq) and insecticides (diazinon 34Ec and decamethrin 1Ec) on the possible ways to the resurgence of brown planthoppers (BPH) (Nilaparvata lugens ). The possible factors tested in this experiment were fecundity of BPH, longevity, egg-hatchability, amount of honeydew excreted, population build-up following the pesticide treatments in the next generation, and hopperburn rate of potted rice plants. Among the insecticides tested, the applications of diazinon and decamethrin in rice fields may induce the BPH resurgence and accelerate the hopperburn of rice plants through stimulating the fecundity, increasing the adult longevity, promoting the feeding activity and causing the positve population build-up of the BPH

Comparative proteome analysis of honey bee workers between overwintering and brood-rearing seasons

이시혁,김영호 한국응용곤충학회 2017 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.20 No.3

In winter, honey bees thermoregulate their hives to survive cold temperatures and maintain their physiological activity, without becoming completely dormant. At this time, nurses and foragers are not distinguishable. In late winter or early spring, as the brood rearing re-initiates, the division of labor resumes among the workers born in the fall. To understand the overall physiological changes of honey bee workers from late winter (end of overwintering) to early spring (beginning of brood rearing), we collected honey bees in January and February and compared their protein expression profiles. Among the 50 and 85 proteins showing greater than two-fold differences in expression levels in the head and abdomen, respectively, 20 proteins with relatively large differences in expression level between the months were selected and identified. Most proteins were more abundantly expressed in January than February and were mainly involved in nutrient storage, energy metabolism, and biosynthesis pathways in both the head and abdomen. This finding suggested that overwintering honey bees require large energy storage and metabolize stored nutrition to generate high cellular energy for thermoregulation of their hive without diapause and/or to prepare for the initiation of brood rearing in January.

DNA-based Genotyping Techniques for the Detection of Point Mutations Associated with Insecticide Resistance in Colorado Potato Beetle (CPB)

이시혁 한국응용곤충학회 2001 한국응용곤충학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2001 No.1

Reverse Engineering 기법의 레이저 스캐너를 이용한 의치상의 정확도에 관한 연구

이시혁,장익태,임순호,Lee, Si-Hyuk,Chang, Ik-Tae,Yim, Soon-Ho 대한치과보철학회 1999 대한치과보철학회지 Vol.37 No.2

The purpose of this study was to evaluate and compare the at of denture bases processed by injection pressing technic using laser scanner of reverse engineering technic. The auther duplicated 20 maxillary edentulous models and 20 mandibular edentulous models, which were scanned on HYSCAN 45C 3D BCANNER(Hymarc Co., Canada). The scanned data were stored in the personal computer using SURFACER (Imageware Co. U.S.A.) software program. After 40 dentures were cured by PERform Inkovac system, SR-Ivocap system, Palajet system, and Sulfon system, they were stored in water at room temperature fir 24 hours. The dentures were scanned on HYSCAN 45C 3D SCANNER(Hymarc Co., Canada). The scanned data were stored in the personal computer using SURFACER (Imageware Co., U.S.A.) software program. By overlapping two images using the same program, the fit between two surfaces was scaled by positive and negative errors. The obtained results were as follows 1. In the upper denture, most of the positive errors occurred on the lingual side of anterior alveolar ridge and the negative errors were on the flange of denture bases. 2. In the lower denture, most of the positive errors occurred on the inner side of lingual flange and the negative errors were on the border of anterior labial flange areas, 3. There were no statistical differences among the positive errors of the four types of injection denture curing methods and also no statistical differences between negative errors except only in negative maximum errors. 4. In PERform system and SR-Ivocap system, they have the tendency of inaccurate at of lower denture bases comparing to that of upper denture bases. 5. The negative error scales were greater than the positive error scales in all types of injection denture curing methods.

최근 살충·살비제 연구 현황 및 전망

이시혁,권덕호 한국농약과학회 2012 한국농약과학회 학술발표대회 논문집 Vol.2012 No.11

콜로라도감자벌레의 살충제저항성 돌연변이의 진단을 위한 유전형 분석기법

이시혁 서울대학교 농업개발연구소 2000 농업생명과학연구 Vol.4 No.-

Three DNA-based genotyping techniques, bi-directional PCR amplification of specific allele (bi-PASA), single stranded conformational polymorphism (SSCP) and minisequencing, have been developed and compared for the detection of the S291G (insensitive acetylcholinesterase) and L1014F (insensitive sodium channel) mutations associated with azinphosmethyl and permethrin resistance, respectively, in the Colorado potato beetle (CPB). Extraction of genomic DNA from individual neonates that were hatched from the previously collected egg masses was determined to be the most efficient and reliable means to obtain suitable templates in terms of convenience, economy, speed, and DNA quality. bi-PASA, employing two allele-specific primers, was determined to be the most efficient and rapid genotyping method for the simultaneous detection of both resistant/susceptible homozygous (SS, RR) and heterozygous (RS) allele. Its resolution, however, was strongly dependent on the quality of template genomic DNA. SSCP also allowed clear genotyping, including the detection of heterozygous alleles and was less dependent on template DNA quality but required a longer processing time. Minisequencing was amenable to a 96-well microtiter plate format for the processing of a large number of samples and allowed direct detection of resistant/susceptible homozygous alleles but was not as efficient as the PASA and SSCP in detecting heterozygous alleles. In considering the advantages and disadvantages of each technique, DNA-based genotyping is best employed in combinations, with the bi-PASA as the primary method and the SSCP and minisequencing as the secondary validating methods. The availability of such DNA-based genotyping techniques, using neonate genomic DNA as templates, will allow the precise monitoring of the resistant and susceptible allele frequencies, including those of heterozygote individuals, in field populations of CPB. These methods are rugged, rapid, cost-effective and capable of resolving SS, RR and RS individual.

전기뱀장어 및 집파리 AChE를 이용한 살충제의 In Vitro AChE 저해 시험

이시혁,이준호,조광연 한국응용곤충학회 1992 한국응용곤충학회지 Vol.31 No.2

신규화합물의 in Vitro AChE 저해력을 평가하기 위한 저해시험법의 확립을 목적으로 실험을여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. {TEX}$I_{50}${/TEX} 산출이 가능한 고정시간 저해시험(fixed time inhibition test)의 경우, DFP, DDVP 및 paraoxon과 같은 대표적 AChE 저해제의 저해력 평가에 적당한 저해시간은 10분 정도로 조사되었으며, 10분간의 저해조건하에서 ester group을 보유한 신규화합물의 저해여부 및 정도의 평가에 효과적인 시험농도는 10$\mu$M 수준으로 판정되었으나 다른 화합물의 경우에는 보다 높은 농도로부터 단계적 저해시험이 필요한 것으로 보였다. {TEX}$K_{d}${/TEX}, {TEX}$k_{3}${/TEX} 및 {TEX}$k_{i}${/TEX}와 같은 저해상수의 산출을 위한 경시적 저해시험(Progressive inhibition test)에 있어서, 본 실험의 장시간 저해(0.8~13.3분)와 낮은 저해제농도(1$\times${TEX}$10^{-9}${/TEX}~2$\times${TEX}$10^{-6}${/TEX}M)의 조건하에서는 극히 낮은 {TEX}$K_{d}${/TEX}(1.3$\times${TEX}$10^-{8}${/TEX}~5.6$\times${TEX}$10^{-7}${/TEX}M) 및 {TEX}$K_{3}${/TEX}(0.21~{TEX}$0.27min^{-1}${/TEX})가 관찰되었으나 저해제간의 저해독성 조사에는 충분한 타당성을 가지는 것으로 조사되었다. 또한 DFP, paraoxon 및 신규화합물인 KH501간의 현격한 저해력 차이는 {TEX}$K_{d}${/TEX}의 차이 즉, 저해제와 AChE간의 친화력 차이에 기인된 것으로 판명되었다. 따라서 AntiChE 스크리닝에 있어서 1차단계에서는 고정시간 저해법을 통하여 산출된 {TEX}$I_{50}${/TEX}를 바탕으로 하여 저해력 유무 및 정도를 파악하고, 1차단계에서 고도의 AChE 저해력이 인정된 신규 화합물을 대상으로 2차단계인 경시적 저해법을 이용하여 저해양상 및 특성을 조사하는 것이 합리적인 체계일 것으로 생각되어진다. Experiments were conducted to establish an in vitro AChE inhibition test system to evaluate the potency of AChE inhibition of new chemical compounds. For a fixed time inhibition test, optimal inhibition (incubation) time to evaluate their AChE inhibition potency was 10 min. for AChE inhibitors such as DFP, DDVP, and paraoxon. The concentration of new chemical compounds with an ester group for evaluation of their inhibition potency was 10 $\mu$M under 10 min. preincubation conditions. However, the stepwise inhibition test with higher concentrations seemed to be needed for other chemical compounds. For a progressive inhibition test to calculate inhibition constants such as $K_d$, $K_3$ and $K_i$, extremely low $K_d(1.3\times10-^85.6\times10^{-7})$ and $K_3$(0. 21-0.27 $min^{-1}$) were observed under lagged preincubation time (0.8-13.3 min) and low in¬hibitor concentrations $(1\times10-^92\times10-^6M)$. However, this method seemed to be useful for comparison of AChE inhibition potency among inhibitors. Differences in inhibition potency among DFP, paraoxon, and KH501 were due to the differences in $K_d$, in other words, differences in affinities between inhibitors and AChEs. Therefore, AntiChE screening should consist of two steps. The first step is to evaluate the potency of AChE inhibition based on $I_50$ valuse obtained from fixed time inhibition tests. The second step is to study inhibition patterns and characteristics of chemical compounds selected in the first step.

언더그라운드 정보시장과 사내커뮤니케이션

이시혁,박나림 한국PR학회 2021 한국PR학회 학술대회 Vol.2021 No.05

사용자의 의미장소 추출 및 인식을 위한 스마트폰 라이프로그 마이닝

이시혁,조성배 에스케이텔레콤 (주) 2014 Telecommunications Review Vol.24 No.3

최근 사용자의 장소를 기반으로 하는 다양한 어플리케이션이 증가하고 있지만, 장소정보를 측정하기 위한 GPS 센서는 실외 환경에서 비교적 높은 오차 때문에 정확한 장소를 인식하기 힘들고 실내위치는 파악하기 어렵다. GPS를 대신하여 Wi-Fi정보를 이용하는 WPS(Wi-Fi Positioning System)가 제안되었지만 높은 전력 소모량과 오차율을 보이는 문제가 있다. 본 논문에서는 사용자의 장소 변화 시퀀스를 마이닝하여 자동으로 현재 장소를 인식하는 방법을 제안한다. 이 방법은 클러스터링된 사용자의 GPS데이터에서 의미장소를 추출한 후, 시계열 확률 모델인 동적 베이지안 네트워크를 이용하여 장소들간의 사용자 경로를 모델링하고 현재 장소를 인식한다. 제안하는 방법은 GPS센서와 불확실성이 존재하는 모바일 환경에서 사용자가 의미장소를 재방문하였을 때 학습된 모델을 이용하여 현재 위치를 인식한다. 제안하는 장소인식 모델의 유용성을 입증하기 위하여 한달간 5명의 사용자로부터 획득된 모바일 데이터를 기반으로 실험한 결과 88.67%의 정확도를 확인하였다.

Cloning and maintenance of the housefly sodium channel gene using low copy number vector and two sequential host strains

이시혁,David M. Soderlund 한국응용곤충학회 2009 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.12 No.1

In spite of the long history of recombinant DNA technology, some genes have not been successfully cloned in Escherichia coli. This is probably due to the toxic effects of the expressed foreign gene product on E. coli. In initial attempts to clone the full-length Vssc1 voltage-sensitive sodium channel α-subunit gene from houseflies, we used one of the most popular vectors and hosts but were unable to retrieve any intact clone. By using two vectors with different copy numbers and two alternate E. coli host strains, we found that the combined use of a low copy number vector (pALTER-1) and an E. coli host strain that suppresses plasmid replication (ABLE-K) is essential to obtain intact full-length Vssc1 clone. However, since the ABLE-K strain was not a suitable host for the long-term maintenance of Vssc1 gene due to its recombination-positive genotype, it was necessary to transfer the Vssc1 plasmid from the primary host to a secondary host with a recombination-minus genotype (Stbl2) to minimize the chances of deletion or rearrangement. We believe that this cloning strategy, with a low copy number vector and the sequential use of two E. coli strains, will be also applicable for the cloning of other toxic genes.