Graph 를 통한 효과적인 부등식의 해법과 실천적 연구

이상석 한국수학교육학회 1967 수학교육 Vol.5 No.3

광봉 또는 직접후두경을 이용한 기관삽관시 혈압상승과 삽관시간의 연관성

이상석,유병훈,이윤석,홍기혁,연준흠,우승훈 대한마취통증의학회 2007 Korean Journal of Anesthesiology Vol.52 No.6

Background: The intensity of stimulation of intubation was expressed as the product of its force and duration. Theoretically, use of a lightwand might cause less adrenergic stimulation because the elevation of the epiglottis by the laryngoscope blade was not required. However, whether the hemodynamic responses to intubation with the lightwand differ from those with direct laryngoscope was a controversial topic. Additionally, there has been no clear study showing that the hemodynamic response to intubation is affected by intubation time. This study was designed to analyze the relationship between the magnitude of hemodynamic responses and the intubation time. Methods: 50 ASA class 1, 2 elective surgical patients were randomly allocated into two groups; lightwand or direct laryngoscope group. Anesthesia was induced by a standardized technique. The changes in MAP and HR were recorded just before intubation, after intubation and 1 minute after intubation. Also the intubation time was recorded. Results: There were no differences in MAP, HR, and intubation time between the groups. The following was the final regression equation from multiple linear regression analysis : the degrees of blood pressure elevation = + 11.2239 (P = 0.0296) + 6.6331 (P = 0.0846) × (group) + 1.0400 (P = 0.0004) × (intubation time). Adjusted R2 is 0.84 (P < 0.05). Conclusions: There was a linear relation between the degree of blood pressure elevation and intubation time in direct laryngoscope group and lightwand group.

Statistical and methodological considerations for reporting RCTs in medical literature

이상석,강현 대한마취통증의학회 2015 Korean Journal of Anesthesiology Vol.68 No.2

Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) are known to provide the most reliable evidence on intervention. However, RCTsare often conducted and reported incompletely and inadequately, making readers and reviewers unable to judge the validityand reliability of the trials. In this article, we consider the statistical and methodological issues involved in reportingon RCTs, particularly in relation to the objectives, designs, and commencements of trials. This paper deals with the variousissues that should be considered in presenting RCTs, and suggests checklists for reporting on them. We expect thatthese checklists will remind readers and reviewers to evaluate manuscripts systematically and comprehensively, makingthose manuscripts more transparent and reliable.

기념성을 구현하기 위한 조경디테일의 특성

이상석 한국조경학회 2001 韓國造景學會誌 Vol.29 No.5

The purpose of this study is to find out the characteristics of landscape details in representing symbolic images in memorials on the themes of war, tragedy, and the democratization movement. In considering the characteristics of memorial landscapes, the researcher divided the characteristics of landscape details into 3 analysis categories. They are the symbolic application of landscape elements, the embodiment of landscape details, and the organization of landscape details to represent symbolic images, for example, memory, mourning, reflection, healing, glory, and identity. Among details in 24 memorials designed in or after 1970. 133 symbolic details were selected including 64 items in Korea. The analysis revealed that among 30 elements used by designers for memorialization, walls, ponds, sculptures were used more often than other elements in representing the meaning of mourning, reflection, and healing that are the basic function of memorial. In regard to detail form, the designers used basic shapes like circles, squares and rectangles, horizontal and vertical lines to heighten the symbolic effect of shapes in confined form. Stone and water utilized from nature were also used as main materials because of their materiality meaning of death, eternity, life, and healing. The techniques of using lighting, fire, and sound were introduced to make details more effective. Details were organized in harmony and repetition to represent the flew of time and space in symbolic images. The study identified the following characteristics of memorial landscapes in Korea that were different from other country first, in designing memorials, most designers in Korea have been more focused on the organization of space than the details in memorials, and so, they have been neglecting to deliver symbolic image through detail design, while depending mainly on the introduction of art works. Lastly, because they introduced traditional elements which have little relation with the symbolic image needed, there have been many details which inaccurately represent symbolic meanings.

The first step to good clinical research: statistical thinking

이상석 대한마취통증의학회 2015 Korean Journal of Anesthesiology Vol.68 No.2

Escape from omnishambles in statistics: back to the basics

이상석 대한마취통증의학회 2015 Korean Journal of Anesthesiology Vol.68 No.5

Can we trust the results of scientific papers?

이상석 대한마취통증의학회 2017 Korean Journal of Anesthesiology Vol.70 No.5

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Guilty, or not guilty?: a short story of propofol abuse

이상석 대한마취통증의학회 2013 Korean Journal of Anesthesiology Vol.65 No.5

국내 종합병원부설 생명공학연구소의 GMP 시설에 대한 실태조사 및 공간구성에 대한 연구

이상석,박재승 한국의료복지시설학회 2007 의료·복지 건축 Vol.13 No.1

The medicine is used for diagnosis, treatment or prevention of disease and consequently has an important influence upon human life and health. Its effectiveness and safety must be guaranteed. In order to achieve the facility that meets GMP, KFDA has provided standards for quality assurance of the manufacture, examination and tests of medical supplies. The result of this study were as follows : the GMP facilities are divided into work, lab/test and storage spaces, and the systematic corridor. The clean rooms are mainly installed in work and lab/test spaces, and maintain class 10,000 in average. The individual space for the procedures that requires class 100 is not provided as a separate division. Instead, they are performed in the clean bench of the laboratory.

식도암에 동반된 원발성 중복암 2 예

이상석,김종관,김완,박홍배,여향순,김순호,오필석 대한내과학회 1991 대한내과학회지 Vol.41 No.2

Primary multiple cancer means that more than 2 cancers occur independently in an individual. There have been many reports on primary multiple cancer since Billroth reported it for the first time in 1889. Studies of second primary tumors found in association with esophageal cancer revealed the presence of metachronous and synchronous primary tumors in 9. 5 27%. It seems that the oncogenic environmental factors responsible for the development of esophageal cancer are also involved in the production of other malignancies Here we report 2 cases of primary multiple cancers associated with esophageal cancer. One patient was a 60-year-old man with dysphagia and pain in the right upper quadrant. Endoscopy disclosed an ulcerating tumor of the esophagus and a biopsy specimen showed squamous cell cancer, An ultrasonographic examination and a CT scan of the abdomen disclosed an ovoid mass on the left lobe of the liver. Ultrasound-guided aspiration cytology of the liver demonstrated a hepatocellular carcinoma. The patient died of lung abscess 50days after afmission. The other patient was a 65-year-old man with dysphagia. Endoscopy disclosed multiple esophageal ulcerations with strictures, the biopsy specimen of which showed squamous cell cancer. In addition to the esophageal tumor, endoscopy revealed a nodule on the posterior wall of the gastric corpus with a biopsy specimen showing adenocarcinoma. Supportive treatment has been done without surgical intervention. We recommend endoscopic inspection of the larynx, trachea, bronchi and stomach as well as a follow-up examination after diagnosis of esophogeal cancer because of its frequent association with other primary cancers.