Effects of Different Chair Heights on Ground Reaction Force and Trunk Flexion during Sit-to-Stand in the Elderly

이나경,이명희 대한물리치료학회 2014 대한물리치료학회지 Vol.26 No.6

Purpose:The purpose of this study was to analyze the coordination between trunk flexion and lower limb extensioncontributing to vertical propulsion during sit-to-stand (STS) at different chair heights in the elderly. Methods: Ten elderly subjects were asked to stand up at their natural speed from different chair heights : (1) 90° knee flexion;(2) 100° knee flexion; (3) 110° knee flexion; and (4) 120° knee flexion. A standard chair without a backrest or armrests was usedin this study. To remove inertial effects of upper limb movements, subjects were asked to stand up from a chair with their armscrossed at the chest. Mean of results of three trials were used in the analysis at different knee flexion angles. Distances moved bythe shoulder for compensatory trunk movement was recorded by motion analysis and vertical force was recorded under foot usingforce plates. Distances moved by the shoulder and vertical ground reaction force measurements were analyzed using repeatedANOVA. Results: Distances moved by the shoulder significantly decreased with higher chair (p<0.05). Vertical forces were not significantdifference on chair heights (p>0.05), but results of pairwise comparisons for vertical force revealed significant difference between90° knee flexion and 120° knee flexion (p<0.05). Conclusion: Trunk movement is probably used as a compensatory mechanism at low chair heights to increase lift-off from sittingby the elderly.

국내산 고품위 석회석의 응용광물학적 특징

이나경,오성진,노진환 한국암석학회 2004 한국암석학회 학술발표회 논문집 Vol.- No.-

화제의 인물 : 안지환 박사

이나경 한국광물학회 2005 광물과산업 Vol.18 No.2

고품위 백운석과 석회석의 분체 특성 및 효과에 대한 응용광물학적 연구

이나경,노진환,김태수,송영화 한국암석학회 2006 한국암석학회 학술발표회 논문집 Vol.- No.-

HtrB of the Haemophilus influenzae nontypable strain 2019 is linked to phosphorylation of lipooligosaccharide

이나경 忠北大學校 遺傳工學硏究所 1995 遺傳工學硏究 Vol.9 No.1

대한민국 방문외교의 경제교류 효과 분석: 1990~2016 대(對)개발도상국 방문외교를 중심으로

이나경 서울대학교 한국정치연구소 2023 韓國 政治 硏究 Vol.32 No.2

Past South Korean presidents have uniformly highlighted the economic advantages of diplomatic visits, including elevated foreign aid and amplified trade. Despite this, a systematic empirical assessment has yet to be conducted within the Korean context to determine whether such visits act as significant catalysts in modifying the trajectory of economic exchanges between the involved countries. To address this gap, this study utilizes diplomatic visit data between South Korea and 130 developing countries from 1990 to 2016 to uncover the patterns and characteristics of past diplomatic visits and measure their impact on interstate economic relations. The results from the analyses show that Korea’s visit diplomacy has a positive impact on exports by Korean companies, which may be attributed to the Korean government’s efforts to boost exports to meet voter demands, given the high export dependency of the Korean economy. Additionally, this study finds that diplomatic visits result in increased bilateral aid from Korea to the developing country involved. This may be because diplomatic visits offer developing countries with the opportunities to directly communicate with Korean leaders, express their needs for assistance, and establish a rapport. This study contributes to the research on diplomatic visits by making the first systematic effort to use “Korean diplomatic visit” data to conduct a detailed examination of the trends and effects of South Korean visit diplomacy on interstate economic relations. 순방을 수행하는 대한민국의 대통령이나 한국에 방문하는 국가의 정상은 방문일정 기간 동안 무역 및 대외원조의 확대 등 방문외교의 경제적 성과를 강조해 왔다. 하지만 실제로 대한민국 방문외교가 양국 간 경제교류의 흐름에 중요한 변곡점으로 작용했는지에 대해서는 구체적인 연구가 진행된 바 없다. 본 연구는 1990 년부터 2016년까지 130개의 개발도상국과 한국 간의 방문외교 데이터를 수집하여 역대 방문외교의 양상을 파악하고 방문외교가 양국 간 경제 관계에 어떠한 영향을 주었는지 경험적으로 확인한다. 먼저, 수출 중심의 높은 무역 의존도에서 비롯된 유권자의 수요를 반영한 대한민국의 방문외교는 한국의 수출을 증가시키는효과를 가진다. 또한 양국의 직접적인 소통이 마련되어, 친밀도를 높이고 개발도상국의 필요를 직접 확인할 수 있는 기회가 된다는 점에서 양자 원조도 함께 확대된다. 본 연구는 ‘대한민국 방문외교 데이터’를 구축하여 방문외교의 경향과 효과를 보다 구체적으로 분석했다는 데 그 함의가 있다.

EBS 영어교육방송에 대한 초등학생, 학부모 및 교사들의 시각과 활용 실태

이나경,김동규 한국초등영어교육학회 2012 초등영어교육 Vol.18 No.2

With three groups of subjects, elementary school students, their parents, and teachers, this study aimed to identify their perspectives and utilizations of EBSe and to provide some suggestions for better use of EBSe. Three different types of questionnaires were administered to 337 students, 274 parents, and 60 teachers. According to the results of the study, teachers’ perception of EBSe and their level of EBSe usage were rather high, but the levels of EBSe use by students and their parents were low. The results also showed that students’ and parents’ perception of the effects of utilizing EBSe was rather neutral whereas that of teachers was very positive. Several needs and suggestions from each group were presented: 1) the need for a venue where students can interface with the program’s sources of information; 2) the need for a more convenient way to use EBSe by the groups of parents and teachers as well as the student group; 3) the provision of a manual where learners are given a brief summary about each program’s contents, thereby enabling them to choose specific programs to fit their learning and educational needs.

저항 전분과 유산균을 활용한 신바이오틱스 시리얼 편의식품 컵 제품 개발 및 친환경 디자인 적용

이나경,이영민,박보현,강세진,조태진 한국식품영양과학회 2022 한국식품영양과학회 학술대회발표집 Vol.2022 No.10

위험결정에서 인지처리수준이 틀 효과에 미치는 영향

이나경,이영애 한국인지및생물심리학회 2009 한국심리학회지 인지 및 생물 Vol.21 No.4

위험 선택에서 사람들은 문제가 이득으로 기술되면 위험-회피적인 반응을 하고 동일한 문제가 손실로 기술되면 위험-추구적인 반응을 하는 경향성을 보인다. 틀 효과라고 불리는 이 현상은 판단과 결정짓기 연구에서 가장 많이 연구되고 있는 편향 중의 하나이다. 이중사고체계 이론들은 인지처리 수준이 증가하여 분석적 사고체계가 활성화되면 틀 효과는 사라지거나 감소한다고 주장한다. 이 가설을 검증하기 위하여 우리는 결정자의 인지처리 수준을 변화시킨 후에 다양한 결정 문제들에서 틀 효과를 검증하는 두 개의 실험을 수행하였다. 첫 번째 실험에서 참가자에게 이유에 근거하여 대안을 선택하도록 요구함으로서 결정문제에서 인지처리 수준을 증가시켰다. 통제집단에서 나타나는 생명문제에서의 유의미한 틀 효과가 이유-기반 선택 집단에서는 사라졌다. 두 번째 실험은 무작위로 제시된 낱자들을 기억하는 작업기억 과제를 선택과제와 함께 동시에 수행하도록 하는 정보처리의 부하를 조작하여 결정문제에서의 인지처리 수준을 감소시켰다. 인지부하 조건에서 생명문제 뿐 아니라 자산문제에서도 유의미한 틀 효과가 나타났다. 두 실험 결과들은 이중사고체계 이론의 가설을 지지한다. 인지처리 수준과 틀 효과 사이의 관계에 대한 후속 연구의 필요성에 대하여 논의하였다. On problems involving risky choices, people tend to act risk-averse when the problem is framed in terms of gains and risk-seeking when the same problem is instead framed in terms of losses. This refers framing effect and is one of most investigated biases in research of judgment and decision making. Dual-process theories suggest that when analytical thinking system is activated through increasing cognitive processing levels, framing effects disappear or decrease. In order to test this hypothesis, we performed two experiments in which framing effects were investigated in different decision problems after we altered levels of cognitive processing of decision makers. In first experiment the level of cognitive processing was increased through demanding participants to choice options on the basis of reason. Significant framing effects in lives problems found in control group were disappeared in this reason-based group. The second experiment decreased the cognitive processing levels in decision problems through the manipulation of working memory(WM) load during risky decisions so that the choice was made while maintaining a concurrent WM load of random letters. Under cognitive load, not only lives problems but also property problems showed significant framing effects. The results of two experiments support hypothesis of dual-process theories. The need of further subsequent researches about the relationship between levels of cognitive processing and framing effects were discussed.

Bacillus strains as human probiotics: characterization, safety, microbiome, and probiotic carrier

이나경,김원석,백현동 한국식품과학회 2019 Food Science and Biotechnology Vol.28 No.5

Both spore and vegetative forms of Bacillus species have been used as probiotics, and they have high stability to the surrounding atmospheric conditions such as heat, gastric conditions, and moisture. The commercial Bacillus probiotic strains in use are B. cereus, B. clausii, B. coagulans, B. licheniformis, B. polyfermenticus, B. pumilus, and B. subtilis. These strains have antimicrobial, anticancer, antioxidant, and vitamin production properties. However, Bacillus probiotics can also produce toxins and biogenic amines and transfer antibiotic resistance genes; therefore, their safety is a concern. Studies on the microbiome using probiotic Bacillus strains are limited in humans. Most microbiome research has been conducted in chicken, mouse, and pig. Some Bacillus probiotics are used as fermentation starters in plant and soybean and dietary supplement of baking foods as a probiotic carrier. This review summarizes the characterization of Bacillus species as probiotics for human use and their safety, microbiome, and probiotic carrier.