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이기화,최병수,한원석 한국지하수토양환경학회 1995 지하수환경 Vol.2 No.2
1983년 경기도 여주군 가남면에서 83점의 Wenner 배열 수직전기비저항탐사와 22점의 양수시험 이 농업진흥공사에 의해 수행되었으며, 10개의 시추공도 개발되었다. 이번 연구에서는 위의 결과로 얻어진 자료들을 바탕으로 하여 대수층의 전기적, 수리적 특성에 관하여 고찰하였다. 지하를 1차원 구조로 가정하여 수직탐사 자료를 해석한 결과, 이 지역은 4층의 비저항 구조를 가지며, 대수층으로 생각되는 10 m의 평균 두께와 506 ohm-m의 평균비저항을 갖는 제 3층은 비저항이 높은 기반암 위에 위치하는 것으로 해석되었다. 이러한 경우에는 전류의 대부분의 흐름이 대수층에 평행하여 수평 단위 컨덕턴스(longitudinal unit conductance)가 겉보기비저항 곡선을 결정하는 중요한 변수가 되고 이 지역에서는 이것과 대수층의 투수량 계수가 서로 밀접하게 연관될 수 있기 때문에 이들 두 량 사이의 관계가 얻어졌다. 수직탐사의 해석에 의해 각 층의 비저항과 두께가 구해지므로 투수량계수와 비저항의 관계식, 수리전도도와 비저항 사이의 관계식도 얻어졌다. 이 지역의 투수량계수와 수평 단위 컨덕턴스 사이에는 비례하는 관계, 투수량수와 비저항 사이에는 반비례하는 관계, 수리전도도와 비저항 사이에도 반비례하는 관계가 있음이 밝혀졌다. In 1983, 83 Wenner vertical electrical sounding(VES)s and 22 pumping tests had been carried out by Korea Agricultural Development Corporation(KADC) in Guam Myun, Yeoju Gun, Kyounggi Province. Also, 10 boreholes had been constructed in the area. Using these data electrical and hydraulic properties of aquifer in the Ganam area are investigated in this study. Assuming that the underground is 1-D, VES data are analyzed. Data analysis shows that the subsurface of study area can be interpreted as 4-layer structure and the 3rd layer which is regarded as aquifer has mean thickness of 10 m and mean resistivity of 506 ohm-m and rests on resistive bedrock. Under the circumstances, as most part of electric current flows parallel to the bedding, longitudinal unit conductance is an important parameter controlling VES curves and very closely correlates with transmissivity of aquifer in the study area. Thus, relation between longitudinal unit conductance and transmissivity is investigated in this study. Since resistivity and thickness of each layer are obtained from interpretation of VES data, the relations between transmissivity and resistivity, and between hydraulic conductivity and resistivity are also studied. Studies of such relations show that longitudinal conductance is proportional to transmissivity, and resistivity is inversely proportional to transmissivity and hydraulic conductivity.
이기화,권병두,오석훈,김차섭,Lee, Kiehwa,Kwon, Byung-Doo,Oh, Seok-Hoon,Kim, Cha-Seop 대한자원환경지질학회 1996 자원환경지질 Vol.29 No.3
The dipole-dipol electrical resistivity survey was conducted to investigate the probable contamination of the Han river by leachate from the near-by Nanjido Landfill. The survey line of 3 km was set along the unpaved road toward the Han river. For the convenience of the field work, the survey line was divided into four segments. The complete two-dimensional resistivity section was constructed by connecting the inversion result of each segment. Gravity survey was also carried out along the profile parallel to the resistivity line. Near surface resistivity generally appeared to be of very low value in most part of the survey area and the boundary between the alluvium layer and underlying basement rocks is well discriminated on the resistivity section. These results agree well with those of the preceding Schlumberger depth sounding made at adjacent area by Lee and fun (1995). The variation of thickness of the alluvium layer delineated by gravity anomaly profile also correlates well with the result of the resistivity survey on the qualitative basis. The problem of contamination by leachate from the Nanjido Landfill, where various waste materials have been dumped without any proper treatment facilities, has been remains unsolved yet. Therefore, we present the most probable passages of leachate flow based on the survey results and have briefly discussed about measure for contamination control. Considering the thickness of alluvium and the possible existence of fractured zone, the middle point between 1st and 2nd landfill and the midst of 1st landfill are the most hazardous regions to make leachates flow into the Han river. Since large amounts of leachates are observed from the test wells located on the lines extending from the border between the 1st and 2nd landfill and the middle of the lst landfill, contamination protection barriers are strongly recommended near these regions.
흉부 하행 대동맥 질환에서 경식도 초음파를 이용한 혈관내 스텐트 이식편 삽입시의 마취 경험 -증례 보고-
이기화,김지연,이상일,김경태,최원주,박장수,김정원,김창영,장우익 대한마취통증의학회 2010 Anesthesia and pain medicine Vol.5 No.2
Endovascular stent graft placement is a minimally invasive technique that can be applied to treat many diseases of the descending thoracic aorta. For accurate stent graft placement, clear identification of aortic lesion is important and transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) is an ideal imaging tool for descending thoracic aortic aneurysms. Also TEE is able to detect a perigraft leak that cannot be confirmed by angiography. Unlike angiography, TEE image acquisition capability is not dependent on nephrotoxic contrast dye. The analysis of perioperative cardiac function provided by TEE may be helpful in the perioperative anesthetic management. Furthermore, the tip of the transesophageal echocardiographic probe can be used as a marker to guide stent graft positioning. We report a case of endovascular stent graft placement using TEE in a patient with descending thoracic aortic aneurysm under general anesthesia.
한국 소아청소년 대사증후군의 유병률과 10년간 추이: 1998-2008년도 국민건강영양조사
이기화,정종운 한국피부과학연구원 2010 대한피부미용학회지 Vol.8 No.4
Metabolic syndrome(MetS) is the constellation of risk factors for type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease and is present in children and adolescents. Pediatric obesity increases. MetS is related with obesity and insulin resistance. However, little is known about the recent prevalence of MetS in Korean children and adolescents. The aim of the study was to investigate the prevalence of MetS and its components by sex, age, and obesity in Korean children and adolescents over 10 years. The MetS was defined using the age-modified criteria of the Adult Treatment panel III specified by National Cholesterol Education Program(NCEP) in children and adolescents aged 10 to 18 years who have participated in the Kroean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey(KNHANES) in 1998(n=1487) and 2008(n=1014). The prevalence of hypertension and hyperglycemia in 2008 decreased compared with that in 1998(both P<0.001) but the prevalence of abdominal obesity, hypertriglyceridemia and low HDL did not changed. The overall prevalence of MetS among Korean children and adolescents declined from 7.6% in 1998 to 3.8% in 2008(P<0.001). The prevalence of MetS decreased in both boys and girls(both P<0.05). The prevalence of MetS decreased in both 10-12 year olds and 13-15 year olds(both P≤0.01) but did not changed in 16-18 year olds. The prevalence of MetS was lower in 2008 compared with that in 1998 in normal-weight and obese children and adolescents(P<0.001 and P<0.01, respectively) but tended to decreased in overweight ones((P=0.075). In conclusion, the overall prevalence of MetS among Korean children and adolescents declined over 10 years which may be due to the decreased prevalence of hypertension and hyperglycemia. 대사증후군은 인슐린비의존성 당뇨와 심혈관질환의 위험인자들이 군집되어 나타나는 현상으로 소아청소년에게서도 나타나고 있다. 소아청소년의 비만은 증가하고 있으며 대사증후군은 비만과 인슐린 저항성과 관련이 있다. 그러나 국내 소아청소년 대사증후군의 최근 유병률에 관한 연구는 부족한 실정이다. 이에 본 연구의 목적은 국내 소아청소년 대사증후군의 유병률과 각 구성요소의 10년간 변화를 분석하고 성별, 연령별 및 비만도에 따른 대사증후군의 유병률 변화를 조사하는데 있다. 1998년과 2008년 국민건강영양조사에 참가한 만 10-18세 소아청소년 1487명과 1014명을 각각 대상으로 수정된 National Cholesterol Education Program(NCEP) III 기준을 이용하여 대사증후군을 정의하였다. 대사증후군 구성요소 유병률의 변화를 살펴보면, 고혈압과 고혈당의 유병률은 1998년과 비교하여 2008년 유의하게 감소한(모두 P<0.001) 반면 복부비만, 고중성지방과 저HDL콜레스테롤의 유병률은 유의한 변화를 보이지 않았다. 남녀 전체의 대사증후군 유병률은 1998년 7.6%에서 2008년 3.8%로 유의하게 감소하였다(P<0.001). 성별로 비교하였을 때 남녀 모두 대사증후군 유병률은 유의하게 감소하였다(모두 P<0.05). 각 연령별로 대사증후군 유병률은 10-12세와 13-15세에서 모두 1998년과 비교하여 2008년 유의하게 감소하였으나(모두 P≤0.01), 16-18세에서는 유의한 변화가 나타나지 않았다. 비만도에 따른 대사증후군 유병률은 정상체중아와 비만아 모두에서 2008년 감소하였고(각각 P<0.001과 P<0.01), 과체중아의 경우는 감소하는 추세가 관찰되었으나 통계적으로 유의하지는 않는 것으로 나타났다(P=0.075). 결론적으로 한국 소아청소년의 대사증후군은 최근 10년간 감소하였으며, 대사증후군 구성인자 중 고혈압과 고혈당의 유병률이 감소한 결과인 것으로 사료된다.
이기화 한국스포츠리서치 2003 한국 스포츠 리서치 Vol.14 No.2
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of participation in dance class on attitudes toward physical activity on elementary students. The subjects for this study were total 267 students elementary participating in dance class and non-paticipated students among elementary high class based on Seoul city by the random sampling method. The CATPS(Children Attitude Toward Physical Activity Scale) were administered to children as 2way-ANOVA were performed on each child's mean scores. The scales assessed values held for physical activity participation in terms of physical activity as a social experience, a catharsis, a form of health and fitness, the pursuit of vertigo, an aesthetic experience, and an ascetic experience. The reliability coefficient of this scale was shown as the value of Cronbach's α=.64-.45. The results were concluded as follows; First, female students showed that attitude toward a physical activity was more positive than the male students on elementary students. Second, Dance education approach group was significantly better than non-education group in positive change of attitude toward physical activity. These results suggest that dance education approach is better than non-education approach to change attitude toward physical activity positively.