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선박용 애드혹 네트워크를 위한 Ship Ad-hoc Communication 프로토콜
윤창호,김승근,박종원,임용곤,Yun, Chang-Ho,Kim, Seung-Gun,Park, Jong-Won,Lim, Yong-Kon 한국정보통신학회 2012 한국정보통신학회논문지 Vol.16 No.5
Ship Ad-hoc Network (SANET)은 고비용의 위성 통신을 대체하여 선박에 멀티미디어 서비스를 제공하기 위한 선박 간 애드혹 네트워크이다. 현재 SANET의 물리계층은 해상 VHF 대역 디지털 통신의 표준인 ITU-R M. 1842-1을 반영할 수 있으나, 상위 계층은 명확한 표준화가 진행되지 않고 있다. 본 논문에서는 육상 애드혹 네트워크에 적용되는 매체접속제어와 라우팅 프로토콜을 기반으로, 해상 통신환경에 맞는 SANET용 네트워크 프로토콜인 Ship Ad-hoc Communication (SAC) 프로토콜을 제안한다. SAC 프로토콜은 매체접속제어와 라우팅을 하나의 알고리즘에서 수행하는 크로스 레이어 프로토콜로써, 이웃 선박의 유무, 목적지까지의 경로 설정 여부, 열악한 통신 환경 시 통신 모드 전환 등을 다양한 해상 환경을 반영한다. A ship ad-hoc network (SANET) can provide ships with diverse multimedia services by replacing expensive satellite communications. While ITU-R M. 1842-1, standards for maritime VHF band digital communications, can be used as the specifications of physical layer for SANETs, no standards are specified for higher layers of SANETs. In this paper, we propose a ship ad-hoc communication (SAC) protocol for SANETs, based on medium access control (MAC) and routing protocols for terrestrial ad-hoc networks. SAC protocol is a cross-layer protocol which combines MAC and routing into one algorithm and considers maritime environments, including the existence of neighboring ships, the possibility of routing to a destination, and changing the communication mode in case of VHF channel failure.
Central Sleep Apnea in Heart Failure: Clinical Implications, Recognition, and Management
윤창호 대한수면연구학회 2008 Journal of sleep medicine Vol.5 No.1
Central sleep apnea (CSA) is characterized by a lack of respiratory drive during sleep, resulting in repetitive periods of insufficient ventilation and compromised gas exchange. These nighttime breathing disturbances can lead to daytime impairment and poor cardiovascular outcomes. There are several types of CSA, including idiopathic CSA, high altitude-induced periodic breathing, obesity hypoventilation syndrome, drug-induced central apnea, and Cheyne-Stokes breathing pattern. While unstable ventilatory control during sleep is the hallmark of CSA, the pathophysiology and the prevalence of the various forms of CSA varies greatly. Among them, CSA associated with heart failure is well-studied in the respect of clinical impact and management strategy. Through this article, I will summarize the underlying pathophysiology, clinical impacts, and potential treatment of CSA occurring in subjects with heart failure.
Distribution of Interleukin-22–secreting Immune Cells in Conjunctival Associated Lymphoid Tissue
윤창호,이대승,정현정,류진석,김미금 대한안과학회 2018 Korean Journal of Ophthalmology Vol.32 No.2
Interleukin (IL)-22 is a cytokine involved in epithelial cell regeneration. Currently, no research studieshave analyzed the distribution of the three distinct IL-22–secreting cell populations in human or mouse conjunctiva. This study investigated the distribution of the three main populations of IL-22–secreting immune cells, αβ Thcells, γδ T cells, or innate cells (innate lymphoid cells [ILCs] or natural killer cells), in conjunctival associated lymphoidtissues (CALTs) in human and mouse models. Methods: We collected discarded cadaveric bulbar conjunctival tissue specimens after preservation of the corneo-limbal tissue for keratoplasty from four enucleated eyes of the domestic donor. The bulbar conjunctivatissue, including the cornea from normal (n = 27) or abraded (n = 4) B6 mice, were excised and pooled in RPMI1640 media. After the lymphoid cells were gated in forward and side scattering, the αβ Th cells, γδ T cells, orinnate lymphoid cells were positively or negatively gated using anti-CD3, anti-γδ TCR, and anti–IL-22 antibodies,with a FACSCanto flow cytometer. Results: In normal human conjunctiva, the percentage and number of cells were highest in αβ Th cells, followed byγδ T cells and CD3– γδ TCR – IL-22+ innate cells (presumed ILCs, pILCs) (Kruskal-Wallis test, p = 0.012). In normalmice keratoconjunctiva, the percentage and total number were highest in γδ T cells, followed by αβ Th cellsand pILCs (Kruskal-Wallis test, p = 0.0004); in corneal abraded mice, the population of αβ Th cells and pILCstended to increase. Conclusions: This study suggests that three distinctive populations of IL-22–secreting immune cells are presentin CALTs of both humans and mice, and the proportions of IL-22+αβ Th cells, γδ T cells, and pILCs in CALTs inhumans might be differently distributed from those in normal mice.
알칼리계 무연 압전 세라믹과 에폭시 복합소재의 유전 및 압전 특성
윤창호,러득탕,허대준,안경관,이재신,Yoon, Chang-Ho,Le, Duc Thang,Heo, Dae-Jun,Ahn, Kyoung-Kwan,Lee, Jae-Shin 한국전기전자재료학회 2012 전기전자재료학회논문지 Vol.25 No.6
Lead-free piezoelectric ceramic/epoxy composites with '0-3' connectivity were prepared by cold-pressing with a temperature controlled curing method. A ceramic powder with a composition of $(Na_{0.51}K_{0.47}Li_{0.02})(Nb_{0.8}Ta_{0.2})O_3$ was synthesized by a conventional solid state reaction route. The dielectric and piezoelectric properties of ceramic/epoxy composites were characterized as a function of the volume fraction (${\phi}$) of piezoelectric ceramics, which was varied from 70 to 95 vol%. The results indicated that the piezoelectric properties of composites were significantly affected by the volume fraction of ceramics. In terms of the piezoelectric properties, specimens showed the best performance at ${\phi}$= 85 vol%, resulting in the piezoelectric constant $d_{33}$ of 39 pC/N and the figure of merit as a piezoelectric energy harvester ($d_{33}{\cdot}g_{33}$) of 1.24 $pm^2/N$.