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윤종국,이상헌 대한전기학회 2015 Journal of Electrical Engineering & Technology Vol.10 No.1
Ozone micro-bubble cleaning system was designed, and made to develop a uniquetechnique to clean wafers by using ozone micro-bubbles. The ozone micro-bubble cleaning systemconsisted of loading, cleaning, rinsing, drying and un-loading zones, respectively. In case of thecleaning the silicon wafers of a solar cell, more than 99 % of cleaning efficiency was obtained bydipping the wafers at 10 ppm of ozone for 10 minutes. Both of long cleaning time and high ozoneconcentration in the wet-solution with ozone micro-bubbles reduced cleaning efficiency because of there-sorption of debris. The cleaning technique by ozone micro-bubbles can be also applied to variouswafers for an ingot and LED as an eco-friendly method.
低蛋白 食餌로 成長한 흰쥐에 있어서 急性 饑餓狀態가 蛋白質 및 核酸代謝에 미치는 影響
尹鐘國 啓明大學校 生活科學硏究所 1983 科學論集 Vol.9 No.-
生體가 成長하는 食事條件에 따라서 饑餓狀況에 어떻게 適應 하는가를 糾明하는 一環으로 흰쥐를 低蛋白(casein8%) 및 標準蛋白(casein15%)食餌로 4週間 飼育한 後 3日間 斷食 시킨후 體重, 臟器의 무게와 肝組織의 蛋白質, 核酸과 血漿의 purine cata-bolite 및 肝組織에 있어서 purine체의 分解에 關與하는 몇가지 酵素를 測定하여 相互比較 觀察하였다. 1. 標準蛋白 食餌로, 成長한 標準 食餌群과 低蛋白 食餌로 成長한 低蛋白 食餌群間의 最終 몸무게 및 臟器무게 (肝臟, 心臟, 腎臟, 脾臟)는 低蛋白 食餌群이 標準 食餌群보다 大體的으로 有意하게 減少되었다. 한편 이들 두 群의 斷食으로 因한 몸무게 減少率은 두 食餌群 모두 近似한 比率로 斷食前에 比하여 約 16%로 減少되었으며, 이때 標準 食餌群은 有意的이었으나(P<0.05) 低蛋白 食餌群은 有意性이 없었다. 또한 斷食으로 因한 肝臟무게 減少率은 標準 食餌群은 約 50%로 (P<0.01), 低蛋白 食餌群은 約 33%(P<0.02)로 有意하게 減少되었으며, 低蛋白 食餌群이 標準 食餌群보다 斷食으로 因한 무게 減少率이 적게 나타남을 알 수 있다. 그리고 斷食으로 인한 其他 臟器 무게는 低蛋白 및 標準 食餌群 모두 대체로 意義있는 差를 보이지 않았다. 2. 斷食 前의 標準 食餌群과 低蛋白 食餌群의 刊細布 蛋白質 含量은 低蛋白 食餌群이 標準 食餌群 보다 약 20%로 有意하게 減少되었으며(P<0.05), 斷食으로 因한 蛋白質 含量 變動은 標準 食餌群에서는 斷食前에 比하여 有意의하게 減少되었으나 (P<0.02), 低蛋白 食餌群은 有意的인 變動이 없었다. 3. 肝組織의 DNA 含量은 斷食 前에는 低蛋白 食餌群에서 標準 食餌群에 比하여 有意的인 減少를 보였으나 (P<0.05), 低蛋白 食餌群 및 標準 食餌群의 兩準 모두 斷食으로 因한 DNA含量 變動은 없었다. 한편 肝組織 RNA함량은 斷食前에는 低蛋白 食餌群이 標準 食餌群보다 有意하게 減少되었고 (P<0.05) 斷食으로 因한 간 RNA함량 변동은 食餌群에서는 有意的인 變動이 없었으나 標準 食餌群에서는 有意하게 (P<0.01) 減少되었다. 4. 斷食前에 있어서 血漿 allantoin 値는 低蛋白 食餌群이 標準 食餌群에 比하여 若干 減少되는 傾向을 보였으나 有意性은 없었고 斷食後에는 低蛋白 食餌群에서는 有意的인 變動이 없었으나, 標準 食餌群에서는 有意하게 增加되었다.(P<0.05). 5. 肝組織 xanthine oxdase 活性은 斷食前에는 低蛋白 食餌群이 標準 食餌群보다 有意하게 減少 되었으나 (P<0.05) 斷食에 따른 活性 變動은 低蛋白 食餌群과 標準 食餌群 모두 顯著한 增加를 보였다. 또한 斷食으로 因한 xanthine oxidase 增加率이 低蛋白 食餌群이 標準 食餌群보다 높은 樣相임을 알 수 있었다. 한편 肝臟 uricase의 活性은 斷食前에는 標準 食餌群과 低蛋白 食餌群間에 有意한 差를 볼 수 없었고 斷食後에는 標準 食餌群은 增加되는 傾向을 보였으며, 低蛋白 食餌群에 있어서는 斷食前後에 有意한 差異가 없었다. 以上은 같은 實驗成績을 綜合하여 볼 때 低蛋白 食餌로 成長한 흰쥐가 標準 食餌로 成長한 흰쥐보다 斷食에 依한 體重과 臟器의 무게, 肝組織의 蛋白質 및 核酸의 分解에 미치는 影響이 적게 나타나는 것으로 思料된다. In order to study the impact of 3 days' starvation on body and its organ's weight and on the degradation of protein and nucleic acid in lives of rats adapted to low protein, Sprague-Dowley male rats were starved of three days after they had been fed isocaloric diet, either low(8%) or standard (15%) in protein (casein) content for four weeks, and then they were sacrificed. The results obtained are summarized as follows: 1. The total body weight were progressively reduced about 15% with the same level during starvation in both rats fed low protein and standard protein While, there was a significant reduction of body weight in rats fed standard (p<0.05), whereas no significant in those fed low protein. In the internal organs, i. e. kidney, heart, liver and spleen, each was differently decreased during starvation. Especially, the weight reduction of liver was the highest by starvation. The liver weight reduction of rats fed standard diet was greater than that of those fed low protein. In general, the other organs weights of rats fed low protein showed a tendency to remain stable comparing with those of rats fed standard protein during starvation period. 2. The content of protein in livers of rats fed standard protein was significantly reduced (P<0.02) but that of those fed low protein slightly by the 3 days' starvation. The starvation was resulted in the significant reduction of RNA content in livers of rats fed standard protein (P<0.01), but slight reduction in those fed low protein. On the other hand, there were no changes in DNA content of livers in both group fed low and standard protein. 3. By the 3 day's starvation, the plasma levels of allantoin in rats fed low protein showed a tendency to rise, but there was no significance in them, whereas those in rats fed standard protein showed a significant rise (P<0.05). 4. Starvation remarkably rised the activities of xanthine oxidase in livers of both rats groups fed low protein and standard. And then, the increase of this enzyme activity was higher in rats fed low protein than those fed standard protein. 5. By the starvation, the activity of uricase in the livers of rats fed standard protein was noticeably increased, but not significant, while those fed low protein showed a tendency of rising but there was no significance in them.
식이성 단백질 함량이 Toluene 대사에 미치는 영향
윤종국,김경순,전태원 한국독성학회 1996 Toxicological Research Vol.12 No.2
To study an effect of toluene administration on the toluene metabolism in rats liver previously fed a low (casein 7%, LP) or standard (casein 20%, SP) protein diet, toluene (50% in olive oil) was given at 0.2 ml per 100 g body weights once daily during 4 days to the male rats. The content of hepatic cytochrome P-450 was higher in rats fed SP than those fed LP. The hepatic benzylalcohol dehydrogenase activity was higher both in toluene-treated rats and its control group fed SP than those fed LP. The hepatic benzaldehyde dehydrogenase activity was somewhat higher in rats fed SP than those fed LP. In the case of toluene treatment, the increasing rate of hippuric acid contents to the control group were higher in rats SP than those fed LP. In conclusion, it is likely that the metabolic rate of toluene would be higher in rats fed SP than those fed LP.
Effect of p-Phenylenediamine Application to Rat Skin on the Liver Oxygen Free Radical Systems
윤종국,--,-- THE KOREAN SOCIETY FOR BIOMEDICAL LABORATORY SCIEN 2003 Journal of biomedical laboratory sciences Vol.9 No.2
To evaluate the influence of hepatic oxygen free radical systems on liver injury by topical p-phenylenediamine (PPD) application on rat skin. PPD (25mg/16.5㎠) was topically applied to the abdominal region 5 times every other day and sacrificed. By PPD treatment, increasing rate of liver weight/body weight(%), serum activities of alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase and decreasing rate of microsomal glucose-6-phosphatase activity were higher in the rats fed tungstate supplemented diet than those fed a standard diet. These findings indicate that group fed tungstate supplemented diet have more severe liver injury compared with group fed standard diet on topical PPD application. However, the activities of oxygen free radical generating enzymes such as xanthine oxidase (XO) and cytochrome P450 dependent aniline hydroxylase and those of oxygen free radical scavenging enzymes were not found to be different between these two animal groups. In the present study, a novel monitoring method to detect the generating of oxygen free radicals in liver extract was devised. Throughout this method, the oxidized PPD produced by oxygen free radicals was determined colorimetrically. The increasing rate of PPD oxidation by liver homogenate was higher in tungstate fed animals than in standard diet fed ones. Among the fractionations of liver extract, the mitochondria1 and postmitochondrial fractions in the liver extract of tungstate fed animals led to a higher availability of PPD oxidation by PPD treatment compared with standard diet fed ones. In conclusion, these results suggest that an enhanced liver injury in tungstate fed animals treated with PPD may be due to oxygen free radicals produced in other systems except oxygen free radicals generating from cytosolic XO system. Especially, oxidative availability by PPD can be used for oxygen free radical detection in some tissue.
조지 엘리엇의 장편소설 『미들마취』에 나타난 유기적 관계의 소설 구조 연구
윤종국 한라대학교 2006 論文集 Vol.9 No.-
본고는 19세기 산업혁명이후 격동의 영국사회 변혁 속에서 조지 엘리엇의 장편소설 『미들마취』의 유사성과 대조(parallels and contrasts)의 유기적 관계를 만드는 작품 구성 원리를 분석하고, 소설의 배경인 미들마취 지역사회의 다양한 개개 주인공의 삶을 관리하는 유기적 전체구조가 어떻게 작용하는지 각 주인공의 성격묘사와 사랑과 좌절의 주제 분석을 통하여 살핀다. 작가는 부분과 전체, 개인과 사회의 역동적인 상호의존성의 유기적 원리를 적용하여 소설작품에 과학적 가상 현실감을 준다. 엘리엇의 유기적 관계론은 19세기 영국 빅토리아 시대 다윈의 『종의 기원』에 깊은 영향을 받아 역사를 하나의 발전과정으로 보며 부분과 전제, 개인과 사회는 서로 상호작용, 상호의존을 하며 발전해 나간다는 것이며 이를 위해 작가는 사랑과 이해의 휴머니즘에 호소한다. 작가는 미들마취 지역사회가 거대한 여러 겹의 거미줄로 연결 되어 있음을 상징적으로 묘사하며 이 거대한 거미줄 조직은 개인과 각 개인에 의해서 일어나는 일상사들에 의해서 만들어지며 조화와 갈등 속에서 개인과 사회가 서로 엉켜 발전함을 보여준다. 특히 이 유기적인 인간사회 조직 속에서 각 주인공들의 고통, 자기희생과 동료애 속에 각 개인은 정신적 성장을 하며 눈에 보이지 않게 사회발전에 기여하는 생명의 유기적 전제(an organic whole)의 한 구성요소임을 작가는 강조한다.
식이성 단백질 함량이 Methanethiol 투여한 흰쥐의 혈청 Xanthine Oxidase 활성에 미치는 영향
윤종국,전태원,임영숙 한국환경보건학회 1993 한국환경보건학회지 Vol.19 No.1
Introduction : Methanethiol is a toxicant that is a byproduct in the industrial process (oil refinery), and it is produced in vivo from methionine via transamination in case of its overintake. And it also can be generated by the action of mucosal thiol Smethyltransferase on hydrogen sulfite which is formed by anaerobic bacteria in the intestinal tract. The toxicity of methanethiol has often been suggested as one of endogenous factors involved in the pathogenesis of hepatic encephalopathy. Furthermore, methanethiol could cause the membrane damage and inhibition of some membrane protective enzymes. 저 및 고단백식이로 성장한 흰쥐에 methanethiol 투여시 체중당 간무게 및 혈청 alanine aminotransferase활성의 증가율은 고단백식이군(HP군)보다 저단백식이군(LP군)이 높았으며, 이 때 혈청 보다 xanthine oxidase 활성도는 HP군보다 LP군이 높게 나타났다. 또한 혈청 중 요산함량 역시 HP군보다 LP군에서 높게 나타났으며, 간조직의 uricase 활성은 LP군이 HP군보다 높게 나타났다. 따라서 LP군이 HP군보다, methanethiol 투여로 인한 혈청 xanthine oxidase 활성이 높게 나타남은 식이중 단백함량을 낮출 때 methanethiol 에 의한 간독성이 심하게 나타나기 때문이며, 또한 단백영양 부족시 methanethiol 의 폭로가 고뇨산혈증을 유도함을 시사해 주고 있다.
W . S . Merwin 초기 시 이해 : 신화성의 동양적 해석
윤종국 한국현대영어영문학회 2001 현대영어영문학 Vol.45 No.2
The purpose of this paper is to examine the negative mythicism in the early poetry of W. S. Merwin in parallel with the Eastern poetic sensibilities of seeking moral ideals as well as harmony and balance between man and nature, self and object, reality and the surreal, and between two other conflicting elements. The mythical elements in The First Four Books of Poems and The Second Four Books of Poems have been interpreted as the negative mythicism since Merwiri s poetic feature of Self is different from those of his contemporary poets. His mythical self shows the tendency to pursue the harmony of two different elements, such as self vs object, form vs contents, etc. Thus, the negative mythicism can be defined as Merwin's poetic sensibilities which are rather ethereal but concrete, earthly but apprehensive of orderly patterns. The typical critical jargons for his poetical accomplishments are gnostic tendency, anti-epiphany, mythical self, a moral poet, anti-projective epistemology, an oracular poet, a pursuer of presence amidst emptiness, nature epiphany, etc. On top of them, he is called a poet of negative mythicism. However, those western labels can be further studied by having an eastern insight into the conventional mythical understanding. As explicated in "The Asians Dying," his eastern aesthetic veins are traced in his old manuscript, "For the Asian Dead." Even his poetic morality reveals the moral and ethic ideals which are often found in the archetypal figure of the eastern Noble Statesman. Other universal poetic features are also detected as shown in "For a Dissolving Music."
윤종국,박춘근 대한건축학회 2002 대한건축학회논문집 Vol.18 No.11