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윤상실(尹相實),이지현(李芝賢) 한국일본어학회 2018 日本語學硏究 Vol.0 No.58
The purpose of this paper is to systematically study characteristic expression aspects and strategies in refusal speech acts from a pragmatic viewpoint. Refusal speech acts do not appear in explicit or fixed linguistic forms, but are mostly indirectly done dependent on various contexts. They appear extensively in Assertive sentences, Non-declarative sentences, Imperative sentences, Interrogative sentences, and Abridged sentences. The speech act is not accompanied with the speaker’s consideration towards the listener in Assertive sentences and Imperative sentences, whereas it is in Non-declarative sentences, Interrogative sentences, Abridged sentences and even in Assertive sentences if the predicate is a negative potential form. Also, linguistic persuasion appearing in Refusal speech acts are generally divided into ‘Persuasive refusal strategy’ and ‘Non-persuasive refusal strategy’. The former includes strategies of ‘expression of apology’, ‘explanation of circumstance’, ‘presentation of alternative’, and ‘response of sympathy’, and the latter includes strategies of ‘expression of non-potentiality’, and ‘evasion’. Refusal speech acts have the characteristic that they are used in a super-positional way because they have a high possibility of infringing on a listener`s face. This study has shown that Japanese has been pursuing smooth refusal speech acts through the method of the use of multiple persuasive refusal strategies, or the use of non-persuasive refusal strategies and then adding persuasive refusal strategies again. Since the speaker takes an attitude to have the listener understand their refusal acts, the refusal strategy has a very significant meaning in maintaining smooth human relations. Given that the refusal act may cause a great infringement on a listener’s face, a variety of expressions and high level verbal strategies are pursued in order to reduce a listener’s face-threatening, and thereby maintain smooth communication and a good interpersonal relationship. It can be said that Japanese, which aims at the co-construction utterance type, naturally shows a very sensitive aspect in that regard.
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윤상한(尹祥漢) 한국일본어학회 2013 日本語學硏究 Vol.0 No.38
본 연구는 일본의 생활용품을 다양한 속성에 의해 분류하고, 그 표기에 사용된 한자, 히라가나, 가타카나, 로마자라고 하는 문자종과 다양한 사회언아학적 요인과의 관계를 분석하여 일본어의 문자종이 생활용품의 내적·외적 속성에 따라 어떻게 나타나며, 어떠한 위상으로서 기능하는가를 고찰하였다. 고찰의 결과는 아래와 같이 간단히 정리할 수 있다. 첫째, 생활용품에는 상품에 부여된 이미지를 표출하거나 특정한 사용자에게 친숙함을 나타내기 위해서, 또는 타 제품과의 구별과 식별을 위해 사용용도에 따라 다른 문자종이 사용되는데, 이는 해당 상품의 용도가 지니고 있는 특성을 형성·강화시키는 도구로서 기능한다. 둘째, 생활용품에는 각 언어권에 독자적, 또는 관습적으로 형성된 서자방향이 그 표기에 관련되어 있으며, 패키지 상의 레이아웃이라는 심미성, 소비자 측의 가독성이나 시인성이라는 언어 외적 요소를 강화시키는 도구로서의 표기전략이 사용된다. 셋째, 생활용품에는 상품이 어떠한 생산자에 의해 생산, 유통, 판매되는가에 따라 그 표기문자가 달리 나타나며, 이러한 표기에는 ‘저가격=저품질’이라는 인식을 은폐하거나 반대로 저가라는 점을 강조하기 위한 마케팅 전략이 숨어 있다. 넷째, 생활용품에는 상품을 비치하거나 사용하는 장소에 따라 그 표기의 양상이 달라지는데, 이는 주변의 경관과의 조화를 위한 전략, 스테레오타입의 이미지에 맞춘 전략이 담겨 있다. 다섯째, 생활용품의 표기는 상품의 발매시기에 따라 다른 양상을 나타내며, 이는 생활용품에 대한 가치나 인식의 변화, 그리고 문자에 대한 일반적 인식의 변화를 반영한 결과라 생각된다. 결과적으로 생활용품의 문자표기에는 한자가 지니고 있는 ‘뛰어나 명료성’과 ‘높은 전달력’, 히라가나가 지니고 있는 ‘친근함’과 ‘따뜻함’, ‘부드러움’, 가타카나가 지니고 있는 ‘청결함’과 ‘신선함’, 로마자가 지니고 있는 ‘현대성’과 ‘세련된 분위기’ 등의 이미지가 그 표기에 강하게 작용한다고 할 수 있다.
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윤상한(尹祥漢) 한국일본문화학회 2017 日本文化學報 Vol.0 No.75
This study explores the relationship between “characters as personality” with “characters as font,” the specific attributes of the style of font, the color, character decorations, etc. Through analyzing Japanese election posters, the researcher was able to connect the above-mentioned attributes with candidates. As a result of the analysis, it can be said that the character representation of candidates is directly related to the character language aspect such as the font, the writing direction, etc. More specifically, the position of the candidates is strengthened by creating associations with the elements of readability and tradition; clarity; and legitimacy. Furthemore, the attributes of the candidates are strengthened through readability, tradition, and the lettering of election posters. The results of this study demonstrate that these three elements of character representation do not work independently but reflect the political, biological, and regional attributes of candidates and electoral districts.
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당뇨병환자에서 게이트심장혈액풀신티그라피를 이용한 심기능 평가
윤상임,송치운,이진홍,안미애,성기양,송민호,이강욱,신영태,김영건,노흥규 충남대학교 의과대학 지역사회의학연구소 1993 충남의대잡지 Vol.20 No.2
Major cardiovascular complications of diabetes are coronary atherosclerosis, diabetic dilated cardiomyopathy, autonomic neuropathy and those are major causes of morbidity and mortality in diabetic patients. Gated blood pool heart scan is noninvasive and useful method for evaluation of functional status of heart in diabetics. We evaluated 52 patients with diabetes and divided 3 groups. Group 1 were 11 patients without proteinuria or with proteinuria less than 550mng during 24 hours. Group 2 were 9 patients with proteinuria more than 550mg during 24 hours and group 3 were 32 patients with endstage renal diasese due to diabetes. We performed 99mTc-HSA cardiac gated blood pool scan and used left ventricular ejection fraction(LVEF), peak ejection rate(PEF) to indices of LV systolic function and peak filling rate(PER) to index of LV diastolic function. The results were follows : 1) LVEF, PER were significantly lower in diabetics with ESRD than diabetics without ESRD, but there were no significant difference between normal controls and diabetics without ESRD 2) PFR was significantly lower in diabetics than normal controls, but there were no significant differences in diabetics with or without nephropathy. 3) There were negative correlation between PER, PFR and duration of diabetes. On the basis of results, PFR is a LV functional index of GBPS which can disclose early change of LV dysfunction in patients with diabetes.
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