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Cadmium 과 Copper 의 영향에 의한 생쥐 신장조직의 미세구조에 관한 연구
유창규,최임순 ( Chang Kyu Yoo,Rim Soon Choe ) 한국환경생물학회 1985 환경생물 : 환경생물학회지 Vol.3 No.1
This study was made to investigate the structural effect of cadmium and copper on the kidney tissue of male mouse in I.C.R. strain. This was accomplished by comparing the control group with the experimental group dosed by CdCl_2 and CuSO_4. Its were administered into the abdomal cavity with a syringe in the solutoin of 1㎎, 5㎎ and 10㎎ per kilogram body weight. The change of an ultrastructure followed to the poisoning phenomenon that appered after the passing 24 hours 48 hours could be observed through the electron microscopic method. In the case of cadmium 1㎎ experimental group, the microvilli of brush border showed the tendency of becoming shorter and destroyed in comparison with control group in proximal convoluted tubule, and more ribosomes and vacuoles appeared than the control group in irregular arrangement. In the case of cadmium 5㎎ experimental group, more vacuoles were observed comparing with cadmium 1㎎ experimental group, and the cell that is between the uriniferous tubule showde the even destroyed forms and a large number of lipid droplet and vacuoles appeared. In 5㎎ copper treated group, it was showed that chromatins were slightly agglutinated, electron density of mitochondrial cristae was low and several lysosomes in the cytoplasm appeared. More agglutinations of chromatins were observed in 10 ㎎ copper treated group. So, it is considered that copper affect on the distribution of chromatins in te nucleus and inhibit mitochondrial functins. In the case of cadmium 10 ㎎ experimental group, a lot of vacuoles and high-elected ribosomes were appeared and furthermore, many lysosomes were appeared. Mitochondia was also little swelled and this phenomenon seemed that it is caused by the restriction of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation.
전자현미경을 이용한 중금속 Cadmium투여에 따른 생쥐비장조직의 미세구조에 관한 연구
劉昌奎,崔林淳 연세대학교 자연과학연구소 1987 學術論文集 Vol.19 No.-
Cadmium이 생쥐(ICR strain) 비장조직의 백수부위에 미치는 미세구조의 변화를 연구하기 위하여 cadmium을 CdCl_2 형태로 체중 ㎏당 1㎎과 5㎎씩을 생쥐의 복강에 처리한 후, 24시간, 48시간, 그리고 72시간 경과된 후로 구분하여 전자현미경을 사용하여 비장 백수부위의 림파구에서 일어나는 조직학적 변화를 관찰하였다. 생리적 식염수(0.86% NaCl soln.)만을 처리한 대조군에서는 대체로 정상형태의 림파구 핵과 비교적 밀도가 높은 세포질이 발견되나, 1㎎을 처리하였을 경우, 24시간이 경과하면서 세포질에 분포하는 mitochondria의 팽윤정도가 대조군보다 커졌으며, 48시간까지 지속되었다. 그러나, 핵, 소포체 등 다른 세포내 소기간에서의 형태변화는 관찰할 수 없었다. 5㎎을 처리하였을 경우에는 24시간이 경과하면서부터 lysosome이 출현하였고, lysosome은 48시간 및 72시간이 경과할 때까지 계속 존재하였다. 그러나 mitochondria의 경우는 1㎎처리군과 달리 다소 팽윤된 상태로 나타났으며, 핵질부에서는 염색질의 분산이 불규칙하게 관찰되었고 핵봉입체의 생성은 찾아 볼 수 없었다. 그러므로 cadmium의 급성중독에 의한 비장백수부위의 림파구에 있어서 형태학적 변화는 크지 않으나 효소의 활성 작용은 활발한 것으로 보여진다. In study of the cadmium effects on the white pulp of mouse spleen(ICR strain), Cd was intraperitoneally injected as CdCl_2(1㎎ and 5㎎/㎏ body weight) and changes of lymphocyte structure observed at 24hrs, 48hrs, and 72hrs elapsed. A group treated with saline(0.86% NaCl solution) only, showed normal lymphocyte nucleus and relatively dense cytoplasm. Those treated with 1㎎ CdCl_2, mitochondria when compared to controls were much swollen after 24hrs and this continued to 48hrs. No changes on other organelles were observed. Those treated with 5㎎ CdCl_2, lysosomes appeared after 24hrs and this continued to 48hrs and even after 72hrs. However, swollen mitochondria appeared with Cd, 5㎎/㎏ body weight, compared to 1㎎/㎏ body weight exposure and irregular chromosomal distribution was observed in nucleus but no inclusion bodies were found. Therefore, on acute exposure of lymphocytes of white pulp to Cd, morphological changes were not significant but effects on enzyme activity appeared significantly.
유창규,송정규,이윤선,김재준 한국건축시공학회 2009 한국건축시공학회지 Vol.9 No.1
Looking at current construction costs estimations of publicly declared public works, there are many instances where estimation criteria are ambiguous and doesn't imply the reality. Up to date, estimation criteria for calculating construction cost estimations are simply by unit area multiplication and stochastic construction cost estimation. However, possibility of making errors are high due to using uniform data that excludes each public work's specifications and environmental conditions. Further, on the aspect of cost management, there is certain limitation in the efficiency of cost management in order-placing stage and commencing-work stage; while efficient cost management and reduction of expenses are highly possible during initial stages of the project. In this respect, the paper adopts positive approach with regards to construction cost estimations of public works and draws common elements from calculation tables of the construction cost estimations from 3 completed domestic construction works; after which, the paper analyzes whether business exposition, construction guide and publicly-declared estimated construction costs that the orderer issued are calculated economically and properly; deducing problems in the process, the paper seeks to recommend rational calculation method on this. Looking at current construction costs estimations of publicly declared public works, there are many instances where estimation criteria are ambiguous and doesn't imply the reality. Up to date, estimation criteria for calculating construction cost estimations are simply by unit area multiplication and stochastic construction cost estimation. However, possibility of making errors are high due to using uniform data that excludes each public work's specifications and environmental conditions. Further, on the aspect of cost management, there is certain limitation in the efficiency of cost management in order-placing stage and commencing-work stage; while efficient cost management and reduction of expenses are highly possible during initial stages of the project. In this respect, the paper adopts positive approach with regards to construction cost estimations of public works and draws common elements from calculation tables of the construction cost estimations from 3 completed domestic construction works; after which, the paper analyzes whether business exposition, construction guide and publicly-declared estimated construction costs that the orderer issued are calculated economically and properly; deducing problems in the process, the paper seeks to recommend rational calculation method on this.