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유재학,양병환 대한신경정신의학회 1988 신경정신의학 Vol.27 No.3
The concept of positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia introduced by Jackson in 1931, had been ignored by psychiatric professionals. Since Crow and Andreasen tried to prove clinical significance of the concept, it has drawn much clinical attention. Many previous authors attempted to prove this dichotomous concept by cross-sectional study which mostly resulted in affirmative conclusion. However, there is no longitudinal study with follow-up evaluation of the positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia. The authors attempted to evaluate the validity of the dichotomous concept by cross-sectional study and the stability of the two dimensions by longitudinal study for 12 weeks. Subject of the study was 98 schizophrenics who had been admitted to the Seoul National Mental Hospital from March to July 1987. The subjects were divided into the three groups according to Andreasen’ s classification ; the postitive symptom group(n=35), the negative symptom group(n=18) and the mixed symptom group(n=45). The DSM-III-R was used for diagnostic criterion. Scale for the Assessment of the Positive Symptoms, Scale for the Assessment of the Negative Symptoms, Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale and Mini Mental State Examination were used for symptom evaluation. The results were as follows ; 1) Sociodemographic characteristics, present illness, previous treatment history and hereditary loading showed no significant difference among the three groups. Only premorbid social adjustment was poorer in the mixed symptom group. 2) The patterns of symptom change showed significant difference among the three groups. 3) During the 12 week follow-up, 33 % of the positive symptom group and 34 % of the negative symptom group were retained in their original group. 4) Sixty eight percent of all cases shifted in their symptom to the other groups. Fifty four percent of all cases shifted in their symptom according to Crow’ s hypothetical process of “positive mixed negative another mixed”, and only 15% shifted against the above process. 5) Symptom severity of the positive symptom decreased during the follow-up, whereas that of the negative symptom manifested unchanged. Frequency of positive symptom as a whole decreased and resulted in the increase of negative symptom. 6) Decrease of positive symptom was highly correlated to the decrease of dosage of antipsychotics. Consequently, it was suggested that dichotomous concept of schizophrenia, the positive symptom group and the negative symptom group, is course-related phenomenon rather thanoriginally separated entity.
유재학,하지현 大韓神經精神醫學會 2009 신경정신의학 Vol.48 No.1
The authors reviewed the histories of the use of the term empathy, the different meanings of empathy, the origins of empathetic abilities, the referents for empathy, the paradoxical attitude of empathy, the therapeutic effect of empathy and the inadequate uses of empathy by referring to the recent psychoanalytic articles. We wanted to provide the psychoanalytic understanding of empathy for analytic psychotherapists. The important points for the psychoanalytic understandings of empathy were as follows : First, empathy is not a goal, but a method in the therapeutic process. Second, the empathetic attitude can be started at the beginning of treatment, yet it takes time for empathy to function in the treatment. Third, when providing empathy, a therapist needs both a subjective sense of sympathy for a patient and objective observation of the interaction between them during the treatment sessions. Fourth, a therapist needs to decrease his/her own narcissistic and omnipotent aspects and to use structured receptivity when providing empathy. Fifth, the process of empathy can be thought to be the result of the interaction between the patient and the therapist. Sixth, it may be more useful for a therapist to understand a patient through empathy rather than to provide a cure for a patient through empathy.
유재학,구기종,김익균,문대성,Yu, J.H.,Koo, K.J.,Kim, I.K.,Moon, D.S. 한국전자통신연구원 2022 전자통신동향분석 Vol.37 No.4
As the interest in achieving an intelligent society grows with the fourth industrial revolution's development, information and communications technologies technologies like artificial intelligence (AI), Internet of Things, virtual reality, information security, and blockchain technology are being actively employed in different fields for achieving an intelligent society. With these modifications, the information security paradigm in industrial and public institutions, like personal sensitive data, is quickly changing, and it is exposed to different cyber threats and breaches. Furthermore, as the number of cyber threats and breaches grows, so does the need for rapid detection and response. This demand can be satisfied by establishing cyber training programs and fostering experts that can improve cyber security abilities. In this study, we explored the domestic and international technology trends in cyber security education and training facilities for developing experts in information security. Additionally, the AI technology application in the cyber training ground, which can be established to respond to and deter cyber threats that are becoming more intelligent, was examined.
종합비경구영양법에 의해 야기된 후천성 아연 결핍증 1예
유재학,김승일,정문철,김계정 대한피부과학회 1999 대한피부과학회지 Vol.37 No.11
Symptomatic Zinc Deficiency occurs due to decreased supplimentation, increased consumption, and decreased bowel absorption of the zinc. We report the typical case of symptomatic zinc deficiency in a patient who received total parenteral nutrition for about 4 weeks due to chronic diarrhea. And after supplementation with oral zinc sulfate, the diarrhea stopped in a day and skin lesions disappeared completely within a week.
유재학,하지현 大韓神經精神醫學會 2009 신경정신의학 Vol.48 No.3
The authors reviewed the meanings of a psychoanalytic setting, which is composed of a Patient's free association and an analyst's analytic neutrality. In particular, this was done by discussing the definitions of a psychoanalytic setting, the functions of free association, and the development of the meanings of analytic neutrality over time. The purpose this wasto provide an understanding of a psychoanalytic setting for psychoanalytic therapists. To fully understanda psychoanalytic setting, the several points must be considered. Firstly, a patient's introspection about his/her inner world in the presence of an analyst in a psychoanalytic setting facilitates the development of the psychoanalytic process. Secondly, both a patient's reflective functioning of his/her mental process and a patient's relational experiences of transference feelings toward their analyst is important for analytic treatment. Thirdly, a patient's progress withfree association during treatment sessions indicates spontaneity a motivation to be cured from a patient's standpoint. Fourthly, a patient and an analyst become aware of the meaning of a patient's materials from free association through the process of Ed-highlight: Unclear. I'm not sure what you mean by this word. Are you referring to the patient's thoughts or feelings? free association itself. Fifth, the main aim of analytic neutrality is to understand the patient's psychic reality, and it is important to understand this reality through interaction between a patient and an analyst.