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유원재 公州敎育大學 敎育硏究所 2011 公州敎大論叢 Vol.47 No.1
Buyeo was the capital city of Baek-je for 123 years until its fall on King Uija's 20th year reign after Baek-je had transferred its capital to Buyeo on the 16th year's reign of King Sung. Unlike Gongju limited in space, Buoyeo was economically opulent due to its geographical advantage of having mass fields and also suited for defense with it surrounded by the Geumgang. King Sung built a new town castle for the transfer of capital and equipped Buyeo with all sorts of facilities for defense of the capital city by constructing mountain castles and their outskirts. This research is aimed at taking a look at such a mountain castle in the period of Buyeo of Baekjei Kingdom. Mountain castles in Korea could be historical sites succeeding to its national uniqueness and tradition. The form of the mountain castles in Korea can be divided into two-a mountain-top-base castle and a castle including valleys- mostly by a criterion of locational conditions of a mountain castle and using methods of the topography of castle walls. Nevertheless, the period of Bakeje witnessed a new type of multiple-system mountain castles built by combining the existing two forms. In other words, as a means of expanding a small scale mountain-top-base castle into a larger one, the people in Baekjei did an additional construction by linking the a fortress encompassing valleys to the very adjoining topography, producing a new form of multiple system fortress combined by the existing two forms. Among these, Seokseong Fortress is an example in Buyeo district of the period of Baekje and this Seokseong Fortress assumed an important role in defens of a castle town in the Sabi period[ranging from King Sung's capital transfer to Buyeo to the fall of Baekje]. The spread of this multiple-type mountain castle mostly belongs to the territory of Baekje or is discovered at Baekje-related districts. It is believed that this new type of mountain castle was created by Baekje people's novel idea and is concluded as a new transformation of ancient mountain fortress in Korea that appeared in late period of Baekje. Therefore, the research on this multiple-type mountain fortress could be a big help to understanding the history of Baekje at that time, its local organization and social composition, which is considered to bring about much bigger development in research on Baekje history in its stagnant period. 부여는 성왕 16년 538년 공주에서 천도한 후 660년 멸망할 때 까지 백제의 수도이었다. 성왕은 천도를 위하여 새로운 도성을 건립하고 산성과 나성을 축조하여 도성방어를 위한 제반시설을 갖추었다. 본고에서는 이러한 백제, 부여 시대의 산성에 대하여 알아보고자 한다. 한국의 산성은 산성이 위치한 입지적 조건과 성벽의 통과선이 구체적으로 지형에 대한 이용방법을 기준으로 하여 산정식 산성과 포곡식 산성의 두 형식으로 나눌 수 있다. 그러나 백제, 부여시대에 이 두 형식을 결합한 새로운 형식의 복합식 산성이 백제시대 산성의 한 형태로 축조되었다. 따라서 본고에서는 백제시대의 부여지역의 산성과 복합식 산성인 석성산성에 대하여 알아보고자 한다.