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유영춘 한국고고학회 2023 한국고고학보 Vol.- No.127
The purpose of this paper is to present a comprehensive overview of the current status of research on the snake-shaped ornament holders of the Three Kingdoms period excavated in Korea, and to examine their development process according to use, mounting method, and type. During the Three Kingdoms period, the snake-shaped ornament holder was a kind of decorative harness that functioned as a flag holder or a decorative holder. In Goguryeo, military personnel also used snake-shaped ornament holders, but in southern Korea, only the elite had access to them. Therefore, they can be interpreted as another type of ‘prestige good’ that was used to demonstrate the authority of the deceased. The snake-shaped ornament holders of the Three Kingdoms period, classified into the ‘Ga’~‘Ra’ types, were mounted in different ways according to shape; they can largely be divided into those that involved the method of tying a string to the hook on both ends of the fixed part (‘Na’·‘Da’·‘Ra’ types) and those that involved the method of horizontal attachment to the saddle without a string (‘Ga’ type). The origin of the snake-shaped ornament holder used in the Korean Peninsula is deeply related to Northern Yan. Through Goguryeo, it evolved into to the general form of the snake-shaped ornament holder, and the manufacturing technology spread to the southern regions in the late 5th century. In the second half of the 5th century, various forms co-existed mainly in Silla and Gaya, but after that, the ‘Da’ type was mainly produced. It was used in Baekje until the 7th century, after which it gradually disappeared. The snake-shaped ornament holders of the Korean Peninsula greatly influenced the appearance and production of Japanese snake-shaped ornament holders from the mid- 6th century onwards. However, it is possible to also observe production techniques that are not confirmed on the Korean Peninsula, so it is also possible that the local Japanese craftspeople also played an important role in their appearance and improvement. As such, the snake-shaped ornament holders excavated from sites on the Korean Peninsula dating to the Three Kingdoms period can be regarded as a representative type of iron artifact of the Three Kingdoms period, illustrating exchange between China (Northern Yan), Goguryeo, Gaya, Silla, Baekje, and Japan.
Isolation of Fatty Acids with Anticancer Activity from Protaetia brevitarsis Larva
유영춘,Byung-Hoon Shin,Jang-Hee Hong,이정림,지희윤,송경식,이경복 대한약학회 2007 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.30 No.3
In this study, biologically active compounds were isolated from Protaetia brevitarsis larva (PBL) by dichloromethane extraction. The dichloromethane extract from PBL was highly cytotoxic to various cancer cells. From a silica gel column chromatograpy of this extract, we obtained four fractions (F-2, F-4, F-5 and F-7) having apoptosis-inducing activity. These fractions induced DNA ladder and caspase-3 activation during apoptosis in colon 26 tumor cells. In 1H and 13C NMR and mass spectral analysis of the fraction F-2 showing the highest apoptosis-inducing activity, we found that the fraction was composed of three free fatty acids such as palmitic acid, (Z)-9-octadecenoic acid and octadecenoic acid. These results indicate that the dichloromethane extract of PBL includes anticancer components composed of at least three fatty acids, and apoptosis-inducing activity of the extract was mediated by caspase-3 activation in tumor cells.