울산연안 하천에서 다환방향족탄화수소 분포특성

유영석,이정훈,박정채,김동명,조현서,You, Young-Seok,Lee, Jeong-Hoon,Park, Jeong-Chae,Kim, Dong-Myung,Cho, Hyeon-Seo 해양환경안전학회 2012 해양환경안전학회지 Vol.18 No.5

PAHs(다환방향족탄화수소) 화합물은 연안역과 하구역에서 도시화와 산업활동 중 연소에 의하여 발생되어 주로 대기와 하천을 통하여 유입된다. 본 연구는 울산만으로 유입되는 하천과 하수처리장 배출수에서 PAHs 화합물의 분포특성을 평가하기 위해 2008년 갈수기인 6월과 풍수기인 8월에 수행되었다. 분석하기 위한 수시료는 울산만으로 유입되는 주요 8개 하천과 용연 하수처리장에서 채취하였다. 용존 PAHs 화합물의 농도범위와 평균값은 갈수기에 10.30~87.88(평균 39.39) ng/L, 풍수기에 10.30~69.57(평균 24.37) ng/L를 나타내었다. 용존 PAHs 화합물의 농도분포는 도심과 산업지역을 흐르는 궁천천에서 높은 값을 나타내었다. 용존 PAHs 화합물의 유입부하량 범위와 평균은 갈수기에 0.04~8.27(평균 2.05) g/day, 풍수기에는 0.03~4.77(평균 1.61) g/day로 산정되었다. 유입부하량은 많은 유량과 도시 활동의 영향을 크게 받는 태화강에서 가장 많은 양을 나타내었다. PAHs 화합물의 조성 형태는 고분자량 PAHs 화합물보다는 저분자량 PAHs 화합물이 대부분을 차지하는 경향을 보였다. 이러한 결과는 PAHs 화합물의 물리화학적 성질에 의한 것으로 다른 연구와 유사하게 나타났다. 본 연구에서 용존 PAHs 화합물의 농도는 다른 연구들의 결과보다 낮은 농도로 나타나 울산연안의 하천에서 PAHs 화합물의 오염정도가 심각하지 않은 것으로 나타났다. PAHs(Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons) in coastal area and estuary adjacent to urban area and industrial activities region are mainly introduced into marine environment via atmosphere and river. This study which is evaluated the distribution characteristics of PAHs discharge from rivers and sewage disposal water which flowing into Ulsan bay, and were carried out in Jun of dry season and in Auguest of wet season, 2008. The water samples from eight main rivers and Youngyeon WWTP(Wastewater Treatment Plant) flowed into Ulsan bay were taken for analysis of dissolved PAHs. The range and mean values of dissolved PAHs concentrations showed 10.30 to 87.88 ng/L, its mean 36.94 ng/L in dry season and 10.30 to 69.57 ng/L, its mean 24.37 ng/L in wet season. The distribution of dissolved PAHs showd the high concentrations in the Gungcheoncheon which is flowed from urban and industrial area. The ranges and means values of the loading fluxes were estimated with 0.04 to 8.27 g/day, its mean 2.05 g/day in dry season, and 0.03 to 4.77 g/day, its mean 1.61 g/day, in wet season. The loading flux showed the highest value in Taewha river due to the high flow rate and the urban activity. The composition patterns of dissolved PAHs compound showed most of the trend occupying low molecuar weight PAHs than high molecular weight PAHs. These results were due to physical and chemical characteristics of PAHs compound, and were similar to those of other studies. The concentrations of dissolved PAHs in this study are lower than those of other studies, and the level of PAHs pollution appeared to be not serious in reverine waters of Ulsan coast.

진해만 하천에서 다환방향족탄화수소 유입부하량과 오염특성

유영석,김좌관,조현서,You, Young-Seok,Kim, Jwa-Kwan,Cho, Hyeon-Seo 해양환경안전학회 2009 해양환경안전학회지 Vol.15 No.4

PAHs(다환방향족탄화수소) 화합물은 해양환경으로 다양한 경로를 통해 유입되며, 연안역과 하구역에 있어서는 도시화와 산업활동 중 연소에 의하여 발생되어 주로 대기와 하천을 통하여 유입된다. 유입된 PAHs 화합물은 잠재적으로 해양 수서환경 생물에 대해서 발암 및 돌연변이를 일으키고 있다. 따라서 PAHs 화합물의 오염이 예상되는 진해만에 유입되는 주요하천에서 PAHs 화합물의 분포특성과 유입부하량을 조사하여 PAHs 화합물의 오염특성을 파악하였다. 진해만으로 유입되는 주요 하천수 및 하수처리수에서 용존 Total PAHs 화합물의 농도범위와 평균값은 9.79~128.25 (평균 36.94)ng/L를 나타내었으며, 부유입자물질 중 Total PAHs 화합물의 농도범위와 평균값은 1,814.34~8,893.37(평균 4,657.73)${\mu}g$/kg dry wt.로 나타났다. 용존 PAHs 화합물과 부유입자물질 중 PAHs 화합물 모두 유사하게 도시화와 산업화가 이루어진 마산시로부터 유입되는 삼호천에서 기장 높은 값을 나타내었다. 하천수 및 하수처리수에서 PAHs 화합물의 조성 형태는 용존 PAHs 화합물은 저분자량 PAHs 화합물이 대부분을 차지하고 있어 PAHs 화합물의 물리 화학적 성질에 의한 것으로 판단된다. 조사된 하천을 통해 진해만으로 유입되는 용존 Total PAHs 화합물의 유입부하량 범위는 0.06~12.05g/day, 평균 유입부하량은 1.86g/day 그리고 총 유입부하량은 14.85g/day로 산정되었다. 부유입자물질 중 Total PAHs 화합물의 유입부하량 범위는 0.12~16.00g/day, 평균 유입부하량은 평균 2.41g/day 그리고 총 유입부하량은 19.27 g/day로 산정되었다. 용존 PAHs 화합물과 부유입자물질 중 PAHs 화합물 모두 진해만으로 유입되는 유입부하량은 덕동하수처리장이 약 80% 이상으로 대부분을 차지하는 것으로 나타났다. 그리고 타 연구들과 비교에서 진해만 주요 하천수와 하수처리수는 아직까지 낮은 농도를 나타내지만 진해만 연안에 PAHs 화합물의 오염발생원이 주변에 산재하고 있어 PAHs 화합물의 오염정도가 심화될 수도 있다. PAHs(Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons) compounds may enter into the marine environment in a number of ways, and PAHs in coastal area and estuary adjacent to urban area and industrial activities region are mainly introduced into marine environment via atmosphere or river. The field surveys to evaluate the pollution of PAHs in rivers of Jinhae bay were carried out in August, 2008. The water samples collected from seven main rivers and Deokdong WWTP(Waste water Treatment Plant) which lead to Jinhae bay. 16 PAHs which had been selected as priority pollutants by EPA were analyzed. The range and mean of dissolved Total PAHs concentrations in the rivers and Duckdong WWTP that lead to Jinhae bay were shown to be 9.79~128.25(mean 36.94)ng/L, while the range and mean of Total PAHs concentrations in SPM(Suspended Particulate Matter) were shown to be 1,81434~8,893.37(mean 4,657.73)${\mu}g$/kg dry wt. The dissolved Total PAHs and Total PAHs in SPM were shown to be high concentrations in the Semhocheon which leads to Masan bay that is the most polluted area of Jinhae bay, while those were shown to be low concentrations at rivers which lead to the west area of the bay. The ranges and means of the loading fluxes from rivers and Duckdong WWTP were calculated at 0.06~12.05(mean 1.86)g/day for dissolved Total PAHs and at 0.12~16.00(mean 2.41)g/day tor Total PAH in SPM. The loading flux of Total PAHs from Duckdong WWTP was shown to be the greatest, occupying more than 80% of Total loading flux from all rivers and WWTP to Jinhae bay. The composition patterns of PAHs compound by the number of benzene ring between dissolved PAHs and PAHs of SPM were different each other. Low molecuar weight PAHs of dissoloved compounds were in high concentration, while high molecular weight PAHs of SPM were in high concentration. These results were due to physical and chemical characteristics of PAHs and were similar to those of other studies. The total PAHs concentrations of dissolved and SPM in this study are lower than those of other studies. The extent of PAHs pollution appeared to be not serious in reverine waters of Jinhae bay.

광양만 주변해역 표층퇴적물에서의 다환방향족탄화수소류(PAHs)의 오염에 관한 연구

유영석,최영찬,조현서,You, Young-Seok,Choi, Young-Chan,Cho, Hyeon-Seo 해양환경안전학회 2007 해양환경안전학회지 Vol.13 No.1

PAHs는 해양환경 중에 넓게 분포되어 있으며 인간활동에 의한 화석연료 이용으로 PAHs의 오염이 광범위하게 일어나고 있다. PAHs는 잠재적으로 해양 수서환경 생물에 발암성과 돌연변이를 일으키고 있다. 본 연구는 여수화학공단, 광양제철소와 콘테이너부두가 자리잡고 있는 광양만의 표층퇴적물에서의 PAHs를 Soxhlet Extractor를 이용하여 추출하여 GC-MS로 PAHs 13종을 검출하였고 TOC(Total Oragnic Carbon)와 입도분석을 행하였다. 분석된 퇴적물에서 PAHs 화합물 모두가 검출되었으며 Total PAHs 범위는 $171.40{\sim}1013.54{\mu}g/kg$ dry wt.로 검출되었다. PAHs 화합물중 Naphthalene이 $14.08{\sim}691.39{\mu}g/kg$ dry wt.로 거의 모든 시료에서 가장 높게, Anthracene이 $0.49{\sim}22.66{\mu}g/kg$ dry wt.로 가장 낮게 나타났다. Total PAHs와 PAHs 화합물의 상관관계는 Naphthalene, Phenanthrene과 같은 저분자량 물질에서 높은 상관관계를 나타내었다. P/A(Phenanthrene/Anthracene)비 와 F/P(Fluoranthene/Pyrene)비의 결과에 의하면 연소기원과 유류오염 기원의 복합적인 영향을 받는 것으로 보여진다. Total PAHs와 TOC와의 상관계수는 높지는 않지만 양의 상관관계를 나타내었으며, 입도와의 상관관계는 높지는 않지만 퇴적물 입자의 크기가 세립 할수록 PAHs와 상관관계가 있음이 나타났다. 광양만 표층퇴적물에서 PAHs의 검출농도는 생물학적 영향에 대한 기준(biological effect guidelines)에 비해 낮은 값을 보여주고 있다. PAHs(Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons) are widespread contaminants in the marine environment. They are of mainly anthropogenic origin from urban runoff, oil spill and combustion of fossil fuels. Some PAHs are potentially carcinogenic and mutagenic to aquatic organism The contamination of PAHs in the coastal environments has not been well known yet in Korea. This study was carried out to survey the contamination of PAHs in sediments around Gwangyang bay. The Yeosu petrochemical industrial complex, POSCO(Pohang steel company) and Gwangyang container harbor are located around the bay. PAHs in sediment samples were extracted in soxhlet extractor and were identified and quantified by GC-MS(Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry) TOC(Total Organic carbon) and textural parameters in sediment samples were also analyzed 13 species of PAHs were detected at all of the surface sediments. Total PAHs concentrations in the surface sediments ranged from 171.40 to $1013.54{\mu}g/kg$ dry wt.. In most of the surface sediments, Naphthalene was the highest in the range of 14.08 to $691.39{\mu}g/kg$ dry wt. and Anthracene was the lowest in the range of 0.49 to $22.66{\mu}g/kg$ dry wt.. The correlation coefficients between individual PAHs and Total PAHs in the surface sediments were relatively higher in the low molecular compounds such as Naphthalene and Phenanthrene. In the relationship of the P/A(Phenanthrene/Anthracene) ratio and F/P(Fluoranthene/Pyrene) ratio, P/A ratio was generally above 10 and F/P ratio was shown to be above 1 in all sediment samples. These data indicate that PAHs in sediments around Gwangyang bay seem to be of both pyrolytic and petrogenic origin. Total PAHs in the surface sediments were correlated with TOC and textural parameters. The values of PAHs in the surface and core sediments were lower than the biological effect guidelines.

진해만 해수와 해양퇴적물에서 다환방향족탄화수소의 오염특성

유영석(Young Seok YOU),김동명(Dong Myung KIM),조현서(Hyeon Seo CHO) 한국생태공학회 2010 한국생태공학회지 Vol.1 No.1

The pollution of PAHs(polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons) is taking place extensively in the marine environment. The PAHs compounds are the most important component in various oil products and occur mainly as a result of anthropogenic activities. The field surveys to evaluate the pollution of PAHs in seawater and sea sediments of Jinhae bay were carried out in August, 2008. Sixteen PAHs which had been selected as priority pollutants by EPA (U.S. Environ Protection Agency) were analyzed. In seawater of Jinhae bay, the range and mean of dissolved total PAHs concentrations were shown to be 18.53~32.08(mean 23.81)ng/L at the surface water. The concentration in the seawater was shown to be high concentrations in stations of Masan bay where the main contaminated area of Jinhae bay while that other stations were shown to be similar concentrations. In sea sediments of Jinhae bay, the range and mean of total PAHs concentrations were shown to be 113.95~553.09(mean 247.84)㎍/㎏ dry wt.. The distribution of total PAHs was shown to be high concentrations in stations of Jindong bay and Gohyeon bay in the west inner bay of Jinhae bay rather than Masan bay where the greatest contamination is expected. The composition patterns of PAHs compound by the number of benzene ring between dissolved PAHs of seawater and PAHs of sea sediments were different each other. Low molecuar weight PAHs of dissoloved PAHs in seawater were in high concentration, while high molecular weight PAHs of PAHs in sea sediments were in high concentration. These results were due to physical and chemical characteristics of PAHs and were similar to those of other studies. The origin pattern of PAHs in sea sediment using composition and isomeric ratio of PAHs seem to be pyrolytic origin from various combustion presses such as use of fossil fuel and oil products in industrial activities as well as automobiles and home heating systems of urban area. The total PAHs concentrations in seawater and sea sediments of Jinhae bay are lower than the biological effect guidelines and other some results. The degree of PAHs contamination in Jinhae bay is not shown as being serious yet.

노력도 주변해역의 해양수질 및 저질환경 특성

유영석(Young Seok YOU),최민호(Min Ho Choi),강조해(Jo Hae KANG),박정채(Jeong Chae Park),조현서(Hyeon Seo CHO) 전남대학교 수산과학연구소 2011 수산과학연구소논문집 Vol.19 No.-

This study was carried out the characteristics of the seasonal fluctuation of water quality and sediment environment from November to December, 2000 around Noryeog-do, located in the southwest part of korea. In the survey of seawater quality, suspended solid(SS) was shown in the range of 10.29~45.00 mg/L and was the highest value in bottom layer in November. Dissolved oxygen (DO) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) concentrations were in the range of 8.14~10.04 mg/L, 0.12~4.53 mg/L, respectively. DO concentration showed a little of fluctuation range at layer of each time of survey, but COD concentration appeared the highest value at the surface layer in December. Dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) showed more highly concentration in November than December, and it showed more highly mean value of 1.29 ㎍-at./L at the surface layer in November. Dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIP) showed a little of fluctuation range at each layer of investigated season. N/P ratios were lower than 15 of Red field ratio in the whole area with the range of 1.45~19.18. It means that nitrogen is more controlling constituent than phosphorous in the growth of phytoplankton. In the survey of sediment environment, ignition loss (IL), chemical oxygen demand (COD), and acid volatile sulfide (AVS) are in the range of 4.63~7.62%, 8.88~ 41.47mg O2/g-dry and 0.04~3.94mg S/g-dry, respectively.

의료보험의 급여형평성 및 운영효율성 개선을 위한 제도간 비교연구

유영석 ( Young Seok You ),황인경 ( In Kyoung Hwang ) 한국보건행정학회 1994 보건행정학회지 Vol.4 No.1

전기 자동차용 판형열교환기 열유동 성능 곡성 작성 및 모델 제작

유영석(Yeong Seok Yu),이강균(Gang Gyun Lee),문유강(You Kang Moon),황인표(In Pyo Hwang),전영하(Young Ha Jeon),강희찬(Hie Chan Kang) 한국자동차공학회 2023 한국자동차공학회 학술대회 및 전시회 Vol.2023 No.11

하의도(荷衣島) 부근의 지질

유환수 ( Hoan Su You ),유경아 ( Kyeong A You ),오강호 ( Kang Ho O ),유영석 ( Young Seok You ) 한국도서(섬)학회 2006 韓國島嶼硏究 Vol.18 No.2

사량도(蛇梁島)의 지질과 연안환경

유환수 ( Hoan Su You ),김동주 ( Dong Ju Kim ),유경아 ( Kyeong A Yoo ),유영석 ( Young Seok You ) 한국도서(섬)학회 2005 韓國島嶼硏究 Vol.17 No.2

지심도의 지질 및 자연환경

유경아 ( Gyeong A You ),유영석 ( Young Seok You ),유환수 ( Hwan Soo You ) 한국도서학회 2012 韓國島嶼硏究 Vol.24 No.4

This report covers the natural environment and geology of Jisimdo. Jisimdo is located at Geojedo, Kyeongsangnamdo. The geological location of this island is latitude between 34°48′28″ - 34°49′23″34 and longitude between 128°44′43″ - 128°45′30″. The island consists of mainly andesite rocks and rhyolite, situated in Cretaceous and Mesozoic. The shoreline of Jisimdo was developed by extrusion and intrusion of volcanic rock and is 4.4 km in length. The highest mountain in Jisimdo is 97.3m and it has a low ridge, which has a length of 18km and width between 9.5km ~ 2km. The bern and terrace was created by transgression and regression of the sea in the south western and north western area. Many tourists visit Jisimdo every year to see the beautiful landscape. The island also has a good climate and a clean coastal environment along with beautiful camellia trees. Thus, in the future Jisimdo is expected to become a popular among tourists.