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Deep-sea Hydrothermal Vents: Ecology and Evolution
원용진 한국생태학회 2006 Journal of Ecology and Environment Vol.29 No.2
The discovery of deep-sea hydrothermal vents and their ecosystems is a monumental landmarkin the history of Ocean Sciences. Deep-sea hydrothermaland back-arc basins. Under sea volcanic phenomena rela ted to underlying magma activities along mid-ocean ridges generate extreme habitats for highly specialized comunities of animals. Multidisciplinary research efforts during past three decades since the first discovery of hydrothermal vents along the Galapagos Rift in 1977 revealed fundamental components of physiology, ecology, and evolution of specialized vent comunities of micro and macro fauna. Heterogeneous regional geological settings and tectonic plate history have been considered as important geophysical and evolutionary factors for current patterns of taxonomic composition and distribution on primary production of chemosynthetic bacteria which directly utilize reduced compounds, mostly H2S and CH 4, mixed in vent fluids. Symbioses between these bacteria and their hosts, vent invertebrates, are foundation of the vent ecosystem. Gene flow and population genetic studies in parallel with larval biology began to unveil hidden dispersal barrier under deep sea as well as various dispersal characteristics cross taxa. Comparative molecular phylogenetics of vent animals revealed that vent faunas are closely related to those of cold-water seeps in general. In perspective additional interesting discoveries are anticipated particularly with further refined