Influences of Environmental Gradients on the Patterns of Vegetation Structure and Tree Age Distribution in the East Side of Cascade Range, Washington, USA

우수영,이경준,이상돈,Woo, Su Young,Lee, Kyung Joon,Lee, Sang Don Korean Society of Forest Science 1996 한국산림과학회지 Vol.85 No.1

산림(山林)의 환경구배(環境勾配)에 따른 식생변화(植生變化)를 구명(求明)하기 위하여, 미국(美國)워싱턴주 케스케이드 산맥(山脈) 동쪽의 위나치 국유림(國有林)에서 해발 975m, 1280m, 1700m에 있는 남사면(南斜面)과 북사면(北斜面)의 6개 천연림(天然林) 지역을 대상(對象)으로 하여 선형법(線型法)을 이용(利用)하여 식생조사(植生調査)를 실시(實施)하고, ordination법에 의하여 요인(要因)을 분석(分析)하였다. 미송(美松)(최고 수령 286년, DBH 110cm)은 해발고(海拔高)와 사면(斜面)의 방위(方位)에 관계(關係) 없이 모든 6개 지역(地域)에서 우점종(優占種)의 하나로 관찰(觀察)되었으며, 폰데로사소나무(최고수령 312년, DBH 97cm)는 남사면(南斜面)에서만 우점종(優占種)이었다. 그란디스젓나무(최고수령 115년, DBH 51cm)는 1280m 북사면(北斜面)에서, 그리고 라시오카파젓나무(최고 수령 127년, DBH 42cm)는 1700m 북사면(北斜面)에서 우점종(優占種)이었다. 사면방향(斜面方向)과 관계(關係)있는 수분(水分)은 특히 남사면(南斜面)에서 식생구조(植生構造)를 결정(決定)하는 가장 중요(重要)한 요인(要因) 가운데 하나이었다. 남사면(南斜面)에 비해서, 북사면(北斜面)은 수분(水分)이 제한요인(制限要因)이 아니었고, 수관(樹冠)이 더 크게 자랐으며, 고도(高度) 혹은 상호수종(相互樹種)간 경쟁(競爭)이 더 중요(重要)한 요인(要因)이었다. 종(種)의 다양성(多樣性)은 환경요인(環境要因)이 악화(惡化)됨에 따라 감소(減少)하는 경향(傾向)을 보였는데, 특히 남사면(南斜面)은 북사면(北斜面)보다 수분부족(水分不足)과 심한 온도차(溫度差)로 인(因)하여 종다양성(種多樣性)이 감소(減少)하였다. 상층식생(上層植生)의 연령구조(年齡構造)는 북사면(北斜面)과 남사면(南斜面)이 서로 다른데, 광량(光量), 수분(水分), 그리고 기후(氣候)가 양쪽사면(斜面)에서 다르게 작용(作用)하기 때문이며, 큰 규모(規模)의 교란(攪亂)(산화(山火) 혹은 해충(害蟲)의 피해(被害)) 이 연령구조(年齡構造)를 바꾸는 요인(要因)이었다. DBH와 연령(年齡)과의 상관관계(相關關係)는 성숙목(成熟木)보다 어린수목(樹木)에서 높았고, 남사면(南斜面)에서 양수(陽樹)의 DBH값은 북사면(北斜面)에서 보다 큰 값을 보였는데, 이는 사면(斜面)의 방향(方向)이 연령(年齡)과 크기를 결정(決定)짓는 가장 중요(重要)한 요인(要因) 가운데 하나라는 것을 보여 주는 것이다. To understand vegetation changes along environmental gradients in the natural forests in the east side of the Cascade Range in Washington state, USA, line transects were used to sample six different forest environments in the Wenatchee National Forest in the north-facing and south-facing sites at 975, 1280 and 1700m elevation. Data were analyzed using ordination by detranded correspondence analysis. Pseudotsuga menziesii was found as one of the dominant species on all the six sites regardless of elevation or aspect, while Pinus ponderosa was dominant on south slopes only. Abies grandis and A. lasiocarpa were dominant species on north slopes at elevations of 1280 and 1700m, respectively. Moisture, as it related to aspect, was identified as one of the most important environmental gradients for explaining the variation of vegetation types. On north-facing slopes, compared to south-facing slopes, where moisture was not as limiting and canopies could grow denser, probably, elevation or competitive interaction was more important. Species diversity tended to decrease with increasing environmental severity, with south slopes having less diversity than north slopes due to extended water stress and harsher temperature extremes on south slopes. The age structure on north-facing and south-facing slopes was different. Light intensity, moisture and climate were different between these two slopes. Large scale disturbances(e.g., big fire or insects) were major causes in changing age structure. Younger trees showed a closer relationship between size and age than adult trees. DBH values of shade intolerant species in south-facing slope were bigger than those of north-facing slope, which suggested that aspect of stands be the most important factor for age and size.

생활(生活)쓰레기 매립지(埋立地) 침출수(浸出水)가 이태리 포플러와 자작나무 묘목(苗木)에 미치는 영향(影響)(II)

우수영,이동섭,김동근,김판기,Woo, Su-Young,Lee, Dong-Sup,Kim, Dong-Geun,Kim, Pan-Gi 한국산림과학회 2001 한국산림과학회지 Vol.90 No.1

이 연구는 대표적인 속성수인 이태리 포플러와 자작나무가 쓰레기 매립지주변의 조림 수종으로서 적당한가를 평가하기 위해서 수행되었다. 두 수종 묘목에 대한 침출수 관수 효과를 알아보기 위해서 침출수 원액, 50% 침출수, 25% 침출수 그리고 대조구(수도물) 등 4가지 침출수로 다르게 희석하여 약 3개월 정도 관수했다. 이태리 포플러와 자작나무 공통적으로 묘고, 근원경, 물질생산량 모두 침출수 원액을 관수한 처리구가 다른 처리구보다 좋았다. 침출수 원액으로 관수한 묘목의 엽록소 지수, 광합성능력, 증산량이 수도물로 관수한 대조구보다 모두 유의하게 높음을 보여주었다. 이는 비록 3개월이라는 짧은 기간의 결과이긴 하지만, 이들 두 수종은 매립지 주변의 조림, 복구를 위해서 좋은 추천 수종임을 보여주고 있다. Populus euramericana and Betula platyphylla var. japonica have been identified as possible species for use for phytoremediation of landfills. To identify the effects of waste leachate on growth and physiological characteristics in Populus euramericana and Betula platyphylla var. japonica, four different treatments were applied to seedlings for 3 months: leachate solution(100% leachate), 50% dilution(50% leachate: 50% water, v/v), 75% dilution(25% leachate: 75% water, v/v) and control(tab water) were applied to these two species. Treatment with waste leachate significantly stimulated both Populus euramericana and Betula platyphylla var. japonica height, diameter at root collar and biomass production relative to the water control. Chlorophyll contents, photosynthesis and transpiration of leachate irrigated-trees were significantly higher than those of water control. These results suggested that these two species could be suitable species for phytoremediation in landfills because these species showed good growth performance and were capable of taking up waste leachate.

여천산업단지 사방오리나무의 공해 방어 기작에 관여하는 효소들의 활성비교

우수영(Su Young Woo),이돈구(Don Koo Lee) 한국산림과학회 1999 한국산림과학회지 Vol.88 No.2

This study measured the seasonal changes in physiological characteristics and antioxidants of Alnus firma to compare several enzyme activities(Rubisco, Superoxide dismutase(SOD) and Glutathione Reductase(GR)) between resistant and sensitive Alnus firma trees. Resistant and sensitive Alnus firma individuals near Yochon industrial complex were selected to conduct this study in 1997. Photosynthetic capacity, stomatal conductance, transpiration, Rubisco, SOD and GR activities of resistant trees which had no visible damages to air pollution were higher than those of sensitive trees in same area. All physiological results supported that biochemical process to be one of the important key features to understand resistance to air pollution. Increases of photosynthetic capacity and antioxidant enzyme activity in resistant trees in response to air pollution were the results of biological compensation to stress.

오존에 노출시겼을 때 저항성을 갖는 잡종포플러의 생장 , 광합성 그리고 Rubisco 활성에 관한 연구 : 수목의 보상전략과의 관계

우수영 ( Su Young Woo ) 한국산림과학회 1997 한국산림과학회지 Vol.86 No.1

The objective of this study was to investigate how resistant poplar hybrid makes compensation to ozone stress. Growth, net assimilation rate and initial Rubisco activity were investigated. This study elucidates the physiological mechanisms associated with ozone sensitivity and resistance in 3 selected F₂ hybrids, a family originating from a cross between Populus trichocarpa× P. deltoides. Open-top chambers were used. Ozone concentrations varied from 90 to 115 ppb for 126 days, 6 to 9 hours in a day. This study tested the hypothesis that resistant poplar hybrid maintains the biomass production to ozone exposure via increased net assimilation rate and Rubisco activity. Growth, biomass, net assimilation rate and initial Rubisco activity were generally reduced by ozone treatment. In the tree parts, root under ozone stress was the most sensitive part. Reduced allocation of photosynthates to root growth might be due to increased respiratory demands for maintenance and repair of aboveground tissue damaged by ozone stress. Maintenance or increases remaining leaves in photosynthetic rates and Rubisco activity in resistant clone in response to ozone treatment were the results of biological compensation to ozone stress.

논문 : 오존에 노출시켰을 때 저항성을 갖는 잡종포플러의 생장 , 광합성 그리고 Rubisco 활성에 관한 연구 : 수목의 보상전략과의 관계

우수영 ( Su Young Woo ) 한국임학회 1997 한국산림과학회지 Vol.86 No.1

The objective of this study was to investigate how resistant poplar hybrid makes compensation to ozone stress. Growth, net assimilation rate and initial Rubisco activity were investigated. This study elucidates the physiological mechanisms associated with ozone sensitivity and resistance in 3 selected F₂ hybrids, a family originating from a cross between Populus trichocarpa× P. deltoides. Open-top chambers were used. Ozone concentrations varied from 90 to 115 ppb for 126 days, 6 to 9 hours in a day. This study tested the hypothesis that resistant poplar hybrid maintains the biomass production to ozone exposure via increased net assimilation rate and Rubisco activity. Growth, biomass, net assimilation rate and initial Rubisco activity were generally reduced by ozone treatment. In the tree parts, root under ozone stress was the most sensitive part. Reduced allocation of photosynthates to root growth might be due to increased respiratory demands for maintenance and repair of aboveground tissue damaged by ozone stress. Maintenance or increases remaining leaves in photosynthetic rates and Rubisco activity in resistant clone in response to ozone treatment were the results of biological compensation to ozone stress.

여수산업단지에서 자라는 사방오리나무에서 채취한 종자와 질소고정 뿌리혹의 접종 효과 비교 ( 1 )

우수영(Su Young Woo),권오규(Oh Kyu Kwon) 한국농림기상학회 2002 한국농림기상학회지 Vol.4 No.1

This study identified the physiological characteristics of Alnus firma seedlings collected from air polluted industrial complex of Yeosu area with inoculation of nitrogen-fixing nodule. A. firma individuals resistant or sensitive to air pollution stress at the study area were selected. Seeds of the individuals were sown in a pot and inoculated with the nodules collected at the same area about 3 weeks after germination. To compare the inoculation effects, photosynthesis was measured among the A. firma seedlings under 12 inoculation combinations of seed sources and nodule sources. Photosynthetic activities of seedlings from resistant mother trees were obviously higher than those from sensitive mother trees. In general, the seedlings inoculated with nodule of sensitive trees, showed a worse physiological trend on every combination. In this study, inoculation effect was less important factor than seed sources to photosynthetic activities of A. firma. This physiological characteristic seemed to be determined by seed sources rather than nodule sources.

새만금 단벌기 목재에너지림 식재 포플러 묘목의 생육특성 및 바이오매스 생산량

우수영 ( Su Young Woo ),이성한 ( Seong Han Lee ),제선미 ( Sun Mi Je ),곽명자 ( Myung Ja Kwak ),유하나 ( Ha Na You ),여진기 ( Jin Kie Yeo ),전병환 ( Byoung Hwan Cheon ) 한국임학회 2014 산림과학 공동학술대회 논문집 Vol.2014 No.-

본 연구는 새만금 간척지 배후도시용 유보용지를 이용하여 2012년에 조성된 포플러 단벌기 바이오매스 생산림을 대상으로 식재 시 대절처리에 따른 묘목의 생육특성과 목질계 바이오매스 생산성을 조사하기 위해 수행되었다. 식재 2년차 목재에너지림 포플러 묘목의 총 수고와 직경은 무대절처리구(347.8cm/19.5mm)와 1m 대절 처리구(324.5cm/18mm)에서 유사한 수준이었으며, 지제부 대절처리구(259.8cm/15.1mm)에서 가장 낮은 경향을 보였다. 그러나 식재 이후 2년간 순수고생장량에 있어서는 1m 대절 처리구가 241.4cm로 가장 높았으며, 다음으로 무대절 처리구(212.7cm) 및 지제부대절 처리구(181.6cm) 순으로 나타났다. 2년 동안의 지상부 목질계 바이오매스 생산량을 추산한 결과, 무대절 처리구(약 4.3ton/ha)에서 가장 높았고, 다음으로 1m 대절 처리구(약 4.0ton/ha) 및 지제부 대절 처리구(약 2.6ton/ha) 순으로 나타났다. 고사율의 경우 1m 대절 처리구가 약 10.0%로 무대절 처리구(26.2%) 및 지제부 대절 처리구(30.1%)에 비해 현저히 낮았으며, 수관활력도 및 잎 피해도 역시 가장 양호한 것으로 조사되었다. 종합적으로 식재 후 2년 간 지상부 목질계 바이오매스의 총 생산량은 무대절 처리구에서 가장 높은 것으로 추산되었으나 간척지 환경을 고려한 적응지수는 1m 대절 처리구에서 가장 높은 것으로 평가되었다. This study was conducted to investigate the growth characteristic and wood biomass production for a short rotation coppice plantation with differently coppiced poplar established in Saemangeum reclaimed land in 2012. Total tree hight and DBH after two growing seasons were highest in non-coppiced plantation (347.8㎝/19.5㎜) followed by 1m hight-coppiced (324.5㎝/18㎜) and ground level-coppiced plantation (259.8㎝/15.1㎜). However, net growth of tree hight during the two growing seasons was highest in 1m hight-coppiced plantation (241.4㎝) followed by non-coppiced (212.7㎝) and ground level-coppiced plantation (181.6㎝). Above ground wood biomass production during the 2 years after plantation was estimated to be highest in non-coppiced plantation (about 4.3 ton/ha) followed by 1m hight-coppiced (about 4.0 ton/ha) and ground level-coppiced plantation (about 2.6 ton/ha). However, the best performance in terms of survival rate, vitality of tree crown and degree of leaf injury was showed in 1m hight-coppiced plantation. Overall adaptability concerning the environmental conditions of reclaimed land was also highest in 1m hight-coppiced plantation.

광도와 (光度) 양료 (養料) 조건을 달리 했을 때 상수리나무묘목의 (苗木) 광합성과 Ribulose - Diphosphate Carboxylase 의 활성에 미치는 영향

우수영(Su Young Woo),이돈구(Don Koo Lee) 한국산림과학회 1992 한국산림과학회지 Vol.81 No.1

This study was conducted to compare chlorophyll contents, photosynthetic abilities, and ribulose-diphosphate (RuDP) carboxylase activities of Quercus acutissima seedlings grown with and without cotyledons under different light intensities and different nutrient levels. The results obtained in this study were as follows : 1. Chlorophyll contents were not significantly different among the light intensities except for 25% of full sunlight at the last harvest time. 2. RuDP carboxylase activity increased with increasing light intensity. 3. Photosynthetic abilities of seedlings grown under full and 75% of sunlight were significantly higher than that under 25% of full sunlight. 4. RuDP carboxylase activity was more related with chlorophyll a contents(r=0.7921 than chlorophyll b contents(r=0.314). 5. RuDP carboxylase activities of the seedlings received at 1 or 2% addition rates of nutrients under 75% of full sunlight were higher than that at 0.5% addition rates.

워싱턴주 케스케이드산맥 동쪽 산림에서 환경구배가 식생구조와 연령분포에 미치는 영향

우수영(Su Young Woo),이경준(Kyung Joon Lee),이상돈(Sang Don Lee) 한국산림과학회 1996 한국산림과학회지 Vol.85 No.1

To understand vegetation changes along environmental gradients in the natural forests in the east side of the Cascade Range in Washington state, USA, line transects were used to sample six different forest environments in the Wenatchee National Forest in the north-facing and south-facing sites at 975, 1280 and 1700m elevation. Data were analyzed using ordination by detranded correspondence analysis. Pseudotsuga menziesii was found as one of the dominant species on all the six sites regardless of elevation or aspect, while Pinus ponderosa was dominant on south slopes only. Abies grandis and A. lasiocarpa were dominant species on north slopes at elevations of 1280 and 1700m, respectively. Moisture, as it related to aspect, was identified as one of the most important environmental gradients for explaining the variation of vegetation types. On north-facing slopes, compared to south-facing slopes, where moisture was not as limiting and canopies could grow denser, probably, elevation or competitive interaction was more important. Species diversity tended to decrease with increasing environmental severity, with south slopes having less diversity than north slopes due to extended water stress and harsher temperature extremes on south slopes. The age structure on north-facing and south-facing slopes was different. Light intensity, moisture and climate were different between these two slopes. Large scale disturbances(e.g., big fire or insects) were major causes in changing age structure. Younger trees showed a closer relationship between size and age than adult trees. DBH values of shade intolerant species in south-facing slope were bigger than those of north-facing slope, which suggested that aspect of stands be the most important factor for age and size.

오존 스트레스에 대한 몇 수종의 생장, 광합성, Ascorbate peroxidase 활성반응

우수영 ( Su Young Woo ),이성한 ( Sung Han Lee ),권기원 ( Ki Won Kwon ),이재천 ( Jae Cheon Lee ),최정호 ( Jeong Ho Choi ) 한국산림과학회 2004 한국산림과학회지 Vol.93 No.5

The purpose of this study was to identify the effects of ozone pollution on the 3 tree species in controlled environment. Ailanthus altissima, Liriodendron tulipifera, and Platanus occidentalis seedlings were examined in both control and ozone chambers to investigate growth, photosynthesis, and antioxidant enzymes such as Ascorbate peroxidase(APX). Ozone was fumigated 8 hours/day for 34 days with 150 ppb concentration. Photosynthesis of Platanus occidentalis was higher than those of Ailanthus altissima and Liriodendron tulipifera. APX activities of 3 tree species exposed in ozone chamber were higher than those of control in every measurement. It is a typical compensatory strategy of trees of stressed environment.