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엄성환,강민승,김영목 한국수산과학회 2008 Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences Vol.11 No.1
In an effort to discover an alternative therapeutic agent against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), several medicinal plants and seaweeds were evaluated for its antibacterial activity against MRSA. A methanolic extract of the Phaeophyta Ecklonia stolonifera exhibited significant antibacterial activity against MRSA. To perform more detailed investigation on antibacterial activity, the methanol extract of E. stolonifera was further fractionated with organic solvents such as hexane, dimethylchloride, ethyl acetate, and n-butanol. Among them, the hexane fraction showed the strongest antibacterial activity against MRSA strains with MIC from 500 to 600 μg/mL. The fraction also exhibited a bactericidal activity against MRSA, indicating that E. stolonifera contains a bactericidal substance against MRSA.
Softening of Jumbo Squid Dosidicus gigas via Enzyme Injection
엄성환,이상훈,전용기,박찬은,박동준 한국수산과학회 2015 Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences Vol.18 No.2
We developed a new softening technology applicable to the main body of the jumbo squid Dosidicus gigas; this will aid in squid consumption by elderly individuals and those who have masticatory and dysphagia problems. Protease solutions were injected into jumbo squid and hardness was measured using a texture analyzer. Seven enzymes were tested. Jumbo squid became progressively softer during bromelain and collupulin treatment; the hardness attained 5.6 103 N/m2 at bromelain concentrations of 1.00% (w/v) and 6.7 103 N/m2 at collupullin concentrations of 1.00% (w/v). The extents of tissue softening after bromelain and collupulin injection to 0.1%, 0.25%, 0.50%, and 1.00% (all w/v) were evaluated; the squid retained its shape after steaming for 10 min at 100°C to inactivate the enzymes. Thus, the results of this research indicate that enzyme injection softens the texture of jumbo squid.
엄성환,박재홍,유대웅,최지일,최종덕,이명숙,김영목 한국수산과학회 2011 Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences Vol.14 No.4
We screened for antibacterial substances against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Methanolic extract of Eisenia bicyclis exhibited anti-MRSA activity according to a disk diffusion assay. To identify the active compound(s), the methanolic extract was further fractionated using hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, and n-butanol. The ethyl acetate-soluble fraction showed both the greatest anti-MRSA activity and the highest polyphenol content. The minimum inhibitory concentrations of the ethyl acetate fraction ranged from 32 to 64 μg per mL against methicillin-susceptible S. aureus and MRSA strains. High-performance liquid chromatography analysis revealed that both the methanolic extract and the ethyl acetate soluble fraction contained sizeable quantities of dieckol, which is a known anti-MRSA compound. Thus, these data strongly suggest that the anti-MRSA activity of E. bicyclis may be mediated by phlorotannins such as dieckol.
엄성환,Sun-Young Moon,Dae-Sung Lee,Hyo-Jung Kim,Kunbawui Park,이은우,Tae Hoon Kim,Yong-Hyun Chung,Myung-Suk Lee,Young-Mog Kim 한국조류학회I 2015 ALGAE Vol.30 No.3
This research was conducted to develop effective and safe marine-derived antiviral compounds against norovirus. The ethyl acetate (EtOAc)-extract from Eisenia bicyclis exhibited strong antiviral activity against murine norovirus (MNV) as a norovirus surrogate. Among the phlorotannins from E. bicyclis, dieckol (DE) and phlorofucofuroeckol-A (PFF) were known to possess the strongest antibacterial activity. In this study, DE and PFF were evaluated for antiviral activity against MNV. DE and PFF exhibited strong anti-MNV activity with 50% effective concentration (EC50) of 0.9 μM. However, PFF exhibited more effective antiviral activity against MNV with higher selective index (668.87) than that of DE (550.60), due to its lower cell toxicity against RAW 264.7. This is the first report on the anti-MNV activity of phlorotannins from seaweed. The results obtained in this study suggest that the phlorotannins could be used as a potential source of natural antiviral agents.
Effects of Carrageenan on the Gelatinization of Salt-Based Surimi Gels
엄성환,공창숙,김정애,손병일,유동현,한정민,오정환,김봉연 한국수산과학회 2013 Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences Vol.16 No.3
The influence of carrageenan addition on the gelatinization of salt-based surimi gels was investigated by measuring compressive properties and Hunter color scale values. Hydrocolloid kappa (κ)-carrageenan at 0%, 0.2%, and 1.0% and NaCl (2% w/w), KCl (1.5% w/w), and a mixture of NaCl (2% w/w) and KCl (1.5% w/w), were added to Alaska pollock surimi. Gel compressive properties were assessed by measuring the breaking force and gel strength. The gelling property of κ-carrageenan-induced surimi gel was significantly increased by the incorporation of KCl rather than NaCl. The addition of κ-carrageenan increased the breaking force and gel strength of surimi gels. Gels with 1% κ-carrageenan and KCl had the highest breaking force and gel strength. The addition of κ-carrageenan caused an increase in the whiteness values of the surimi gels.
Texture Softening of Beef and Chicken by Enzyme Injection Process
엄성환,이상훈,전용기,김범근,박동준 한국축산식품학회 2015 한국축산식품학회지 Vol.35 No.4
This research focuses on a new softening technology for use with chicken breast and eye of round beef in order to assist elderly individuals who have difficulty with eating due to changes in their ability to chew (masticatory function) or swallow. We investigated the hardness of chicken breast and eye of round beef through use of a texture analyzer after injection of a commercial enzyme. Among 7 commercial enzymes, bromelain and collupulin exhibited a marked softening effect on the tested chicken breast and eye of round beef given a 1.00% enzyme concentration. The hardness of bromelain-treated chicken breast reached 1.4×104 N/m2, of collupulin-treated chicken breast reached 3.0×104 N/m2, and of bromelain-treated eye of round beef reached 3.2×104 N/m2, respectively, while their original shapes did not change. To find the level of tissue degradation with specific enzyme concentrations, enzyme injections at 0.1%, 0.25%, 0.50%, and 1.00% concentration of bromelain and papain were also evaluated. The results of this research could be useful for softening chicken breast and eye of round beef and will contribute to the development of foods that can be more easily eaten as part of a balanced diet for elderly adults.
엄성환,강영미,박재홍,유대웅,정은탁,이명숙,김영목 한국수산과학회 2011 Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences Vol.14 No.3
The objective of this study was to select an effective microbial strain to improve the functional qualities of Eisenia bicyclis water extract by fermentation. For this purpose, several microorganisms isolated from traditional Korean fermented foods were inoculated and cultivated in E. bicyclis water extract. Ultimately, yeast strain YM-1 was selected for further study based on its total phenolic compound (TP) content and antioxidant activity, which were enhanced by microbial fermentation. The extract fermented by YM-1 exhibited a superior TP content and 2,2′-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity compared to extracts fermented by other microbes. The highest TP content and DPPH radical scavenging activity were observed after one day of YM-1 fermentation. Yeast strain YM-1 was identified as Candida utilis based on an analysis of its physiological characteristics. During fermentation of the extract by C. utilis YM-1, no significant difference was observed in the proximate composition, including moisture, crude lipid, crude protein, and crude ash. Fermentation by C. utilis YM-1 resulted in enhanced biological activity, including increases in the TP content and antioxidant activity. Thus, fermentation by C. utilis YM-1 is an attractive strategy for developing value-added food ingredients.
Lipopolysaccharide로 유도된 BV-2 세포주의 염증반응에 대한 미세조류 부산물 당 가수분해물의 저해 활성
엄성환 ( Sung Hwan Eom ),최인후 ( In Hu Choe ),권혁주 ( Hyuck Ju Kwon ),이재화 ( Jae Hwa Lee ),이상훈 ( Sang Hoon Lee ) 한국키틴키토산학회 2015 한국키틴키토산학회지 Vol.20 No.1
In this study, we investigated anti-neuroinflammatory activities of enzymatic extracts of the microalgae residues, which were derived from the lipid extraction process, to improve the economic feasibility of algal biofuel. After lipid extraction, three microalgal residues (Chlorella sp., Nannochloropsis sp., Phaeodactylum tricornutum) were enzymatically hydrolyzed by four carbohydrases (Celluclast 1.5 L, Dextrozyme DX 1.5X, Promozyme D2, and Viscozyme L). Antioxidative activities of various enzymatic extracts from algal residues evaluated by measuring 2,2’-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS), hydroxyl, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and alkyl radical-scavenging activities. All enzymatic extracts had scavenging potencies to ABTS + and alkyl radicals. Among the enzymatic extracts, Celluclast 1.5 L extracts from Nannochloropsis sp. residues (CN) showed the highest inhibitory activities on LPS-induced production of nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) in murine BV-2 microglia, and expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in a dosedependentmanner. CN also significantly reduced the generation of proinflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin- 1β (IL-1β), and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α in a dose-dependent manner. Hence, these antioxidant and anti-neuroinflammatory effects of CN might assist potential of microalgae residues as nutraceuticals for treatment and prevention against neurodegenerative diseases that are accompanied by microglial activation.
이대성,엄성환,김영목,이명숙,제재영,김영만 한국수산과학회 2013 Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences Vol.16 No.2
In an effort to discover an alternative antibiotic for treating infections with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Pseudomonas sp. UJ-6, a marine bacterium that exhibited antibacterial activity against MRSA, was isolated. The culture broth and its ethyl acetate extract exhibited bactericidal activity against MRSA. The extract also exhibited antibacterial activity against gram-negative bacteria, which were not susceptible to vancomycin. The treatment of MRSA with the extract resulted in abnormal cell lysis. The extract retained >95% of its anti-MRSA activity after heat treatment for 15 min at 121°C. Thus, although most antibiotics are unstable under conditions of thermal stress, Pseudomonas sp. UJ-6 produces a heat-stable anti-MRSA substance. The results of this study strongly suggest that Pseudomonas sp. UJ-6 can be used to develop a novel, heat-stable, broad-spectrum antibiotic for the treatment of MRSA infections.