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양광열,정진아,유승진,양덕희,신세호,이명철,조백호 한국식물병리학회 2008 Plant Pathology Journal Vol.24 No.4
It is well known that NtMEK2, a tobacco MAPK kinase, is the upstream kinase of both salicylic acidinduced protein kinase and wound-induced protein kinase. In addition, expression of NtMEK2DD, a constitutively active mutant of NtMEK2, is known to induce multiple defense responses in tobacco. In this study, transgenic rice plants that contained an active or inactive mutant of NtMEK2 under the control of a steroid inducible promoter were generated and used to determine if a similar MAPK cascade is involved in disease resistance in rice. The expression of NtMEK2DD in transgenic rice plants resulted in HR-like cell death. The observed cell death was preceded by the activation of endogenous rice 48-kDa MBP kinase, which is also activated by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae, the bacterial blight pathogen of rice. In addition, prolonged activation of the MAPK induced the generation of hydrogen peroxide and up-regulated the expression of defense-related genes including the pathogenesis-related genes, peroxidases and glutathione S-transferases. These results demonstrate that NtMEK2 is functionally replaceable with rice MAPK kinase in inducing the activation of the downstream MAPK, which in turn induces multiple defense responses in rice.
물렁조직 및 단단조직 표지점을 이용한 큰광대근의 이는곳 분석
양광열,김흥중,차승래,유선경 대한체질인류학회 2024 해부·생물인류학 (Anat Biol Anthropol) Vol.37 No.1
큰광대근은 입꼬리를 위가쪽으로 올려 미소에 중요한 작용을 하고 코입술주름의 형성에 관여하여 심미 및 노화에 중요한 역할을 한다. 성형 및 재건 수술 시 큰광대근이 일어나는 부위를 통한 접근과 눈주위 주름살 제거를 위한 보톡스 치료의 도입으로 큰광대근의 이는곳에 대한 해부학적 이해가 요구되고 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 한 국인을 대상으로 물렁조직 및 단단조직 표지점을 이용하여 큰광대근의 이는곳을 분석하여, 큰광대근이 일어나는 부 위를 정확히 예측할 수 있는 안정적인 표지점에 대해 알아보고자 한다. 고정된 한국인 시신 27구(남자 22구, 여자 5 구; 사망 시 평균연령 61.1세)를 사용하였으며, 얼굴의 피부와 피부밑조직을 제거한 후 광대활을 포함하여 큰광대근 이 일어나는 부위를 노출시켰다. 일어나는 부위에서 큰광대근의 너비를 계측하였다. 얼굴 물렁조직 표지점인 귀구슬, 가쪽눈구석, 콧방울점 및 귀구슬과 물렁조직 턱끝앞점을 연결한 선에서 큰광대근의 이는곳까지의 거리를 계측하였 다. 단단조직 계측점인 광대관자봉합에서의 거리, 눈확가쪽벽에서의 수평거리, 눈확귀수평면에서의 수직거리 및 관 자오목의 가장 앞아래쪽에서 턱끝앞점을 연결한 빗선에서 큰광대근의 이는곳까지의 거리를 계측하였다. 이후 통계 분석을 시행하였다. 물렁조직 표지점인 귀구슬, 가쪽눈구석 및 콧방울점에서 큰광대근의 이는곳까지의 평균 거리는 순서대로 54.9±5.55, 34.6±4.56, 59.6±7.14 mm였다. 귀구슬과 물렁조직 턱끝앞점을 연결한 선에서의 평균 거리는 34.3±7.00 mm였다. 단단조직 표지점인 광대관자봉합에서 큰광대근의 이는곳까지의 평균 거리는 9.8±2.15 mm였으 며, 눈확가쪽벽에서 가쪽으로 평균 20.0±4.48 mm, 눈확귀수평면 아래로 평균 7.00±2.81 mm에 위치하였다. 관자오 목의 가장 앞아래쪽에서 턱끝앞점을 연결한 빗선에서의 평균 거리는 14.3±4.76 mm였다. 통계 분석 결과, 귀구슬, 눈 확가쪽벽 및 눈확귀수평면을 이용한 계측값의 흩어짐 정도가 작았다. 연구 결과 성형 및 재건 수술 시 큰광대근 이 는곳의 안정적 평가를 위하여, 가로기준선으로 눈확귀수평면, 뒤쪽 구조물로 귀구슬 및 앞쪽 구조물로 눈확가 쪽벽의 세 표지점을 함께 사용하는 것이 이상적인 것으로 판단되었다. The zygomaticus major muscle (ZMM) has a significant impact on both facial expression and the aging process. To improve clinical applications such as rhytidectomy and botox treatment in the malar region, it is necessary to obtain more specific anatomical data regarding the origin of the ZMM. Therefore, the aims of this study were to identify the origin of the ZMM using soft and hard tissue landmarks in Koreans and to find a stable landmark that can accurately predict the origin location of the ZMM. Twenty-seven hemifaces were used (22 males, 5 females, mean age 61.1 years). The distance from the tragus, lateral canthus, alare as the soft tissue landmarks, and a connecting line between the tragus and soft tissue pogonion to the origin of the ZMM was measured. The distance from the zygomaticotemporal suture, horizontal distance from the lateral orbital wall, vertical distance from the F-H plane, and parallel distance from an oblique line extending from the mental protuberance to the most anterior inferior aspect of the temporal fossa to the origin of ZMM were measured. The mean distances from the tragus, lateral canthus, and alare to the origin of the ZMM were 54.9±5.55, 34.6±4.56, and 59.6±7.14 mm, respectively. The mean distance from the connecting line was 34.3±7.00 mm. The mean distance from the zygomaticotemporal suture was 9.8±2.15 mm. The origin of the ZMM was located at 20.0±4.48 mm laterally from the lateral orbital wall and 7.00±2.81 mm below the F-H plane. The mean distance from the oblique line was 14.3±4.76 mm. As a result of statistical analysis, the degree of scattering of the measured values using the tragus, lateral orbital wall, and F-H plane as landmarks was small. As a result of this study, to predict stably the origin of the ZMM for plastic and reconstructive surgery, it was recommended to use three landmarks: the F-H plane as a horizontal reference line, the tragus as the posterior, and the lateral orbital wall as the anterior.
梁鑛烈,羅鎭洙,金光鉉 全南大學校 農業科學技術硏究所 1996 農業科學技術硏究 Vol.31 No.-
This trial was conducted on 10 Korean native goat kids which were born by estrus synchrozation and seperated from their dams at 8 days of age. The kids were fed mesh raw milk from Holstein cows at regular intervals of three times daily by infant nursing bottle from 8 up to 59 days of age, and also provided pre-starter as well as Italian ryegrass hay from 14 days of age. Throughout the experimental period, daily amount of milk, pre-starter and Italian ryegrass hay consumed per kid was recorded. Live weight was measured at regular intervals of 3 days from 5 days of age till weaning, and thereafter at intervals of 15 days up to 119 de s of age. Growth rate per day were calculated during the total gain in weight. The average daily amount of milk consumed per kid was about 474 ml at the beginning and thereafter increased progressively until kids reached their peak(about 1,300 ml) by 41 days of age. The average total milk consumption per kid over the experimental period was about 51,000 ml. The kids started eating pre-starter and Italian ryegrass hay regularly around 32 days of age. The average daily amount of pre-starter consumed per kid was 10-l3g during 32-47 days of age and reached about 70g at weaning. The average daily amount of Italian ryegrass hay consumed per kid was 30g around 32 days and reached about 80g at weaning. The average birth weight of experimental kids was 1.79(±0.23) kg. The average daily gains of experimental kids showed 0.1 kg througout the experimental period and the average body weight of kids reached 8.14 kg at weaning .After weaning, the average body weight of kids reached 8.53 kg at 74 days, 9.55 kg at 89 days, 13.3 kg at 119 days of age, respectively.
『소문(素問),맥요정미론(脈要精微論)』의 촌관척(寸關尺) 장부배속(臟腑配屬)에 대한 고찰
양광열 ( Kwang Yeol Yang ) 대한한의학원전학회 ( 구 대한원전의사학회 ) 2009 대한한의학원전학회지 Vol.22 No.1
In 『Maekyojeongmiron(脈要精微論)』, Jangbu(臟腑) is assigned to Chon·Gwan·Cheok(寸關尺) in according to the position. Kidney[腎] is assigned to the backward area of Cheok. Abdominal cavity[腹中] is assigned to the middle area of Cheok. Hypochondrium[季脇] is assigned to the forward area of Cheok. Liver[肝] is assigned to the backward area of left Gwan. Diaphragm[격] is assigned to the forward area of left Gwan. Stomach[胃] is assigned to the backward area of right Gwan. Spleen[脾] is assigned to the forward area of right Gwan. Heart[心] is assigned to the backward area of left Chon. Central part of the chest[전中] is assigned to the forward area of left Chon. Lung[肺] is assigned to the backward area of right Chon. Thoracic cavity[胸中] is assigned to the forward area of right Chon. This method of assignment is simple and useful in clinic.
유승진,양광열,김수현,김민정,류충민,김영철,조백호 한국식물병리학회 2014 Plant Pathology Journal Vol.30 No.2
Plant has possessed diverse stress signals from outside and maintained its fitness. Out of such plant responses, it is well known that mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade plays important role in wounding and pathogen attack in most dicot plants. However, little is understood about its role in wounding response for the economically important monocot rice plant. In this study, therefore, the involvement of MAPK was investigated to understand the wounding signaling pathway in rice. The OsMPK1 was rapidly activated by wounding within 10 min, and OsMPK1 was also activated by challenge of rice blast fungus. Further analysis revealed that OsMKK4, the upstream kinase of OsMPK1, phosphorylated OsMPK1 by wounding in vivo. Furthermore, OsMPK1 directly interacted with a rice defense-related transcription factor OsWRKY53. To understand a functional link between MAPK and its target transcription factor, we showed that OsMPK1 activated by the constitutively active mutant OsMKK4DDphosphorylated OsWRKY53 in vitro. Taken together,components involving in the wounding signaling pathway, OsMKK4-OsMPK1-OsWRKY53, can be importantplayers in regulating crosstalk between abiotic stress and biotic stress.