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Clinical Features of Interhemispheric Subdural Hematomas
안재민,이경석,심재현,오재상,심재준,윤석만 대한신경손상학회 2017 Korean Journal of Neurotrauma Vol.14 No.2
Objective: Interhemispheric subdural hematoma (IHSDH) is uncommon, because of their unusual location. However, it isa distinct lesion with its unique characteristics. We investigated clinical features and outcomes of consecutive 42 patientswith IHSDH, retrospectively. Methods: From 2006 to 2015, we treated 105 patients with IHSDH. All patients were diagnosed by computed tomography(CT) or magnetic resonance imaging. We selected 42 patients with thick (3 mm or more) IHSDH. We retrospectively reviewedthe clinical and radiological fndings, management and outcomes. Results: The male to female ratio was 2:1. Two thirds of the patients were over 60 years old. Slip or fall was the most common cause of trauma. The level of consciousness on admission was Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) 13 to 15 in 25 patients. Themost common symptom was headache. All IHSDH was hyperdense in CT at the time of diagnosis. IHSDH frequently accompanied convexity subdural hematoma. The outcome was favorable in 27 patients, however, six patients were expired. Twenty-two patients were managed conservatively. Surgery was performed in ten patients to remove the concurrent lesion. The outcome was poor in spontaneous one, patients with low GCS, and patients with conservative treatment. Conclusion: IHSDH is rare especially the isolated one. The outcome was dependent to the severity of injury. Surgery maybe helpful to remove the concurrent mass lesion, however, conservative treatment is generally preferred.
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고속 패킷 데이터 서비스를 위한 cdma2000 무선접속 기술
안재민 에스케이텔레콤 (주) 2003 Telecommunications Review Vol.0 No.-
이동통신망을 통한 데이터 서비스의 제공은 여러 가지 측면에서 한계를 갖고 있다고 할 수 있다. 특히 음성 위주의 서비스를 근간으로 하고 있는 기존 이동통신은 패킷 형태의 트래픽 특성을 갖고 있는 데이터 서비스를 수용하기에 더욱 많은 한계를 보일 수 밖에는 없다는 점에서 이동통신망에서의 패킷 데이터 서비스에 대한 회의론이 등장하기도 한다. 그럼에도 불구하고 이동통신이 갖고 있는 사용 편의성과 서비스의 연속성, 그리고 이에 기인한 넓은 사용자 층을 바탕으로 이동통신망을 통한 고속 패킷 데이터 서비스를 제공하기 위한 기술 개발은 여전히 이루어지고 있다. 본 논문에서는 이동통신망에서 패킷 데이터통신을 제공하기 위한 기술들을 살펴보면서 이러한 기술들이 cdma2000 방식의 무선접속 기술에 어떤 형태로 나타나 있는지에 대하여 살펴보고자 한다.
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CDMA 역방향 링크의 성능 개선을 위한 스마트 안테나 수신기 알고리즘
안재민,임민중,安致俊 대한전자공학회 2003 電子工學會論文誌-TC (Telecommunications) Vol.40 No.4
A new smart antenna receiver which incorporates the spatial fourier Transform and the maximal ratio combining(MRC) is proposed. By adapting the spatial fourier transform, the proposed method could separate the received signal into several spatial frequency components which correspond to the arrival angles of signal components, which means the beam focusing. By using the MRC, the proposed method could achieve the maximum signal to noise ratio for the signal of interest. The proposed algorithm is integrated to the CDMA reverse link receiver and simulations are performed to confirm the performance. As a result, the beam focusing effect is confirmed and the performance gain with the proposed algorithm is comparable to ordinary smart antenna receivers. The simulations are performed over the additive white gaussian noise (AWGN) environments and the results are obtained for the beam focusing capability according to the angle of arrival of a signal and the bit error performance improvement according to the number of combining branches in the MRC 본 논문에서는 공간 푸리에 변환과 최대비 결합 알고리즘을 사용한 새로운 방식의 스마트 안테나 수신기를 제안한다. 제안된 방식은 공간 푸리에 변환을 채용하여 수신 신호를 여러 개의 입사각 방향성분으로 분리하였고, 최대비 결합 알고리즘을 사용하여 원하는 사용자 신호 성분의 신호대 잡음비가 극대화 될 수 있도록 하였다. 제안된 알고리즘을 CDMA 역방향 링크의 수신기와 결합하여 성능 개선 효과를 확인하기 위한 모의 실험을 실시하였으며 그 결과 빔 패턴에 대한 집중화 효과를 확인할 수 있었다. 이로써 제안된 방식의 스마트 안테나 시스템이 기존의 스마트 안테나 시스템과 동일한 성능 개선 효과를 가져다 줄 수 있음을 확인할 수 있었다. 모의 실험은 백색잡음 환경에서 수행되었으며 신호의 입사각에 따른 빔 패턴의 집중화 정도와 최대비 결합의 수에 따른 비트 오류 성능 개선 정도를 확인해 보았다.
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안재민,박대한,황향란,장순영,권미정,김인숙,김익로,이혜민,임현지,박재옥,이광희 한국환경농학회 2018 한국환경농학회지 Vol.37 No.4
BACKGROUND: Rice is one of the main sources for inorganic arsenic among the consumed crops in the world population’s diet. Arsenic is classified into Group 1 as it is carcinogenic for humans, according to the IARC. This study was carried out to assess dietary exposure risk of inorganic arsenic in husked rice and polished rice to the Korean population health. METHODS AND RESULTS: Total arsenic was determined using microwave device and ICP-MS. Inorganic arsenic was determined by ICP-MS coupled with HPLC system. The HPLC-ICP-MS analysis was optimized based on the limit of detection, limit of quantitation, and recovery ratio to be 0.73-1.24 μg/kg, 2.41-4.09 μg/kg, and 96.5-98.9%, respectively. The inorganic arsenic concentrations of daily exposure (included in body weight) were 4.97×10 -3 (≥20 years old) - 1.36×10 -2 (≤2 years old) μg/kg b.w./day (PTWI 0.23-0.63%) by the husked rice, and 1.39×10 -1 (≥ 20 years old) - 3.21×10 -1 (≤2 years old) μg/kg b.w./day (PTWI 6.47-15.00%) by the polished rice. CONCLUSION: The levels of overall exposure to total and inorganic arsenic by the husked and polished rice were far lower than the recommended levels of The Joint FAO/ WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA), indicating of little possibility of risk.
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폐광산 인근 지역에서 생산되는 농산물의 중금속 오염도 평가
안재민,장순영,황향란,박대한,이봄내,김샛별,이광희 한국환경농학회 2020 한국환경농학회지 Vol.39 No.1
BACKGROUND: This study was to carry out risk assessment of contamination of cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), and inorganic arsenic (I-As) in agricultural products of 25 crops from the abandoned mine areas. The 36 typical investigation sites located in Gyeongbuk provincial area were selected by considering the heavy metal levels, that had been known that the amount of the heavy metals exceeded the contamination level based on the previous survey. METHODS AND RESULTS: Cadmium, lead, and total arsenic (T-As) concentrations were determined using microwave device and ICP-MS. Inorganic arsenic was determined by HPLC-ICP-MS. The limits of quantification for heavy metals were 0.59 μg/kg for Cd, 0.42 μg/kg for Pb, 0.55 μg/kg for T-As, and sum of As (Ⅲ) (1.74 μg/kg) and As (Ⅴ) (2.25 μg/kg) for I-As, respectively. The contents of Cd, Pb, and I-As (only rice) were N.D.-0.958 mg/kg, N.D.-0.227 mg/kg, and 0.082 mg/kg, respectively, in the agricultural products. For risk assessment, dietary exposures of heavy metals through usual intake were 5.20×10-4-7.15×100 μg/day for Cd, 7.00×10-5-7.75×10-1 μg/day for Pb, and 1.17×101 μg/day for I-As, taking 0.01-14.37%, 0.01-2.05%, and 15.16% as risk indices, respectively. CONCLUSION: It requires to consider the critical levels of heavy metals in agricultural products due to unexpectedly high levels in a few places, while concentrations of heavy metals in the samples were relatively low in most areas. .
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