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엔테카비어 1 mg을 투여 중인 항바이러스 내성 만성 B형간염 환자에서 제네릭 약제로의 교체 시 치료 효과
안영은 ( Young Eun Ahn ),서상준 ( Sang Jun Suh ),김태형 ( Tae Hyung Kim ),정영걸 ( Young Kul Jung ),임형준 ( Hyung Joon Yim ) 대한소화기학회 2021 대한소화기학회지 Vol.77 No.1
Background/Aims: Clinical equivalence of generic antiviral agents for chronic hepatitis B (CHB) has not been demonstrated, particularly in cases with previous antiviral resistance. Entecavir 1 mg is prescribed frequently as a mono- or combination therapy in antiviral-resistant CHB patients. This study evaluated the efficacy and safety of switching to generic entecavir 1 mg (Baracle<sup>®</sup>) in CHB patients taking brand-name entecavir 1 mg (Baraclude<sup>®</sup>) alone or in combination with other nucleotide analogs after the development of antiviral resistance. Methods: This study was a single-arm prospective study. The primary endpoint was undetectable HBV DNA (<20 IU/mL) at 12 months after switching treatment. The biochemical and serologic responses, virologic breakthrough, and antiviral resistance rates were also evaluated. Results: Forty CHB patients with undetectable HBV DNA through the brand-name entecavir 1 mg treatment as a mono- or combination therapy after developing antiviral resistance to nucleos(t)ide analogs were enrolled in this study. No significant difference in the HBV DNA non-detection rate was observed between the baseline and 12 months after switching therapy (p=0.324). Furthermore, non-inferiority of the generic entecavir 1 mg to the brand-name entecavir 1 mg with 10% margin in maintaining undetectable HBV DNA was demonstrated (95% CI -2.80 to 8.20%). Similarly, no difference in the biochemical response rate was observed after switching therapy. Serum hepatitis B e antigen loss was observed in 12.5%. No virologic breakthrough was reported. Conclusions: Generic entecavir 1 mg is a reasonable alternative to the brand-name entecavir 1 mg in antiviral-resistant CHB patients with viral suppression. (Korean J Gastroenterol 2021;77:22-29)
운동 참여여부와 종목에 따른 중년 여성의 체력, 노화, 삶의 질 차이에 대한 연구
안영은(Young Eun An) 한국사회체육학회 2014 한국사회체육학회지 Vol.0 No.56
Aging is the term used for the middle-aged women change physically, mentally, and socially in the aspect of the embryology. It appeared differently at the middle-aged women, organic and cell. It was witnessed individually according to the individual environment, nutrition, life style, exercise routines. The researches about the aging have been continued relating the physical fitness, and the modes of life. The purpose of this study is to provide a positive data to examine the relations among exercise, aging and quality of life middle-aged women. It analyzed the difference in quality of life by the subjects` demographic variables, aging hormone and quality of life between regularly exercise group and non-exercise group. It continuously required to expand the facilities for the aged and develop the safe and enjoyable programs which could improve potential quality of life with preventing rapid aging and lowering of fitness.
팽화 홍삼으로부터 20(S)-Ginsenoside Rg3와 Rg5의 분리 및 구조동정
안영은 ( Young Eun An ),조진경 ( Jin Gyeong Cho ),백남인 ( Nam In Baik ),최성원 ( Sung Won Choi ),허남윤 ( Nam Yoon Hur ),박석준 ( Seok Jun Park ),김병용 ( Byung Yong Kim ),백무열 ( Moo Yeol Baik ) 한국산업식품공학회 2010 산업 식품공학 Vol.14 No.2
팽화홍삼으로부터 용매추출, 용매분획 및 silica gel column chromatography를 반복하여 두 개의 화합물을 분리하였다. 이들 두 화합물의 결정특성, 녹는점, 비선광도, Infrared spectrum 분석 결과, TLC에서의 Rf값, HPLC에서의 retention time 및 NMR 데이터를 측정하여 고찰한 결과 두 개의 화합물은 20(S)-ginsenoside Rg3와 ginsenoside Rg5임을 확인할 수 있었다. 특히 1H- 및 13C-NMR 데이터를 HSQC 및 HMBC와 같은 2D-NMR 실험을 통하여 더욱 정확하게 동정하였다. Red ginseng tail roots (9.8g water/100g sample) were puffed at 7, 8, 9, and 10 kgf/cm2 using a rotational puffing gun. Puffed red ginseng was extracted with 70% ethanol, and the concentrated extract was successively partitioned with diethyl ether, n-butanol and H2O. Two unknown ginsenosides from puffed red ginseng were found at 63 and 65 min of retention time in HPLC chromatogram suggesting that chemical structure of some ginsenosides might be altered during the puffing process. Identification of two unknown compounds was carried out using TLC, HPLC and NMR. Two major compounds were isolated from TLC. According to TLC result, compound I was expected to be the mixture of ginsenosides Rk1 and Rg5, and compound II was expected to be a 20(S)-ginsenoside Rg3. Three compounds were isolated from n-butanol fraction through repeated silica gel and octadecyl silica gel column chromatographies. From the result of 1H- and 13C-NMR data, the chemical structures of unknown compounds were determined as ginsenoside Rg5 and 20(S)-ginsenoside Rg3. Unfortunately, ginsenoside Rk1 could not be separated from ginsenoside-Rg5 in the compound I. It was carefully reexamined using HPLC and confirmed that the last unknown compound was ginsenoside-Rk1.
학교유형이 교사사기 및 열의, 교사지지, 학생수업참여를 매개로 학생의 삶의 질과 미래역량에 미치는 영향 : 일반고와 특목고를 중심으로
안영은(An, Young Eun),양성관(Yang Sung-Kwan) 한국교육행정학회 2015 敎育行政學硏究 Vol.33 No.2
본 연구는 학교유형(일반고/특목고)에 따라 학교효과(삶의 질, 미래역량)에 차이가 있는지 확인하고 이 차이가 발생되는 경로를 교사사기 및 열의, 교사지지, 학생의 수업참여라는 매개 변수를 포함한 구조방정식을 통해 밝힘으로써 일반고 교육력 강화를 위한 선행조건을 밝히고 자 하였다. 한국교육개발원의「학교 교육 실태 및 수준 분석 연구」 4 주기 고등학교 데이 터(2012) 중에서 불성실한 응답을 제외한 12,209명을 대상으로 하였다. 연구방법으로는 SPSS 21.0을 통해 기술통계를, Mplus 6.0을 통해 MIMIC 구조방정식을 활용하여 학교유형이 교사 사기 및 열의, 교사지지, 수업참여를 매개로 학생의 삶의 질 및 미래역량에 미치는 효과를 분 석했다. 연구 결과, 학교유형이 교사사기 및 열의, 교사지지, 수업참여를 매개로 삶의 질, 미 래역량에 영향을 미치는 구조적 관계는, 첫째 모든 경로가 유의하였고, 학교유형이 학교효과 에 미치는 직접효과보다 교사사기 및 열의, 교사지지, 수업참여를 매개하는 간접효과의 총합 이 더 크게 나타났다. 둘째, 삶의 질과 미래역량 각각에 가장 큰 영향을 주는 경로계수가 ‘학 교유형→교사사기 및 열의→교사지지→삶의 질’, ‘학교유형→교사사기 및 열의→교사지지→미 래역량’으로 학교유형이 교사사기 및 열의와 교사지지 변수를 거쳐 학생의 삶의 질과 미래역 량에 미치는 영향이 가장 크게 나타났다. 셋째, 학교유형이 미래역량에 미치는 영향은 유의하 였지만, 그 총효과가 상당한 영향을 미치는 것은 아니었다. This study examined whether school types(general or special-purposed) make different school effect(quality of school life, future capability) and if so, how the difference is made. Based on theories, the research model in which school type impacts on school effect(quality of school life, future capability) with a mediating effect of teacher's morale and engagement, teacher's support, student's class participation was settled. To practice this research, Data of 「Analysis on the Actual Status and the Quality of School Education in Korea: A Study on the High Schools(2012)」conducted by Korea Educational Development Institute were used. Findings from the study are as follows : First, results from MIMIC structural equation modeling is that school types positively impact on teacher's morale and engagement, teacher's support, student's class participation, quality of school life, and future capability. However, direct effect from school type to quality of school life or future capability is lower than the sum of indirect ones. Second, inasmuch as the largest effect on quality of school life and future capability were 'school type→ teacher's morale and engagement→teacher's support→quality of school life', 'school type→teacher's morale and engagement→teacher's support→future capability', we can find out teacher's effort is especially important to improve school effects. Finally, school types impact on quality of school life more than on future capability.
안영은(Young-Eun An),이강준(Kang-Jun Lee),박종안(Jong-An Park) 한국정보기술학회 2016 한국정보기술학회논문지 Vol.14 No.1
This paper proposes an image retrieval system using rearranged color histogram for content based image retrieval. And analyze the performance by using a JPEG 3,000 image of different sizes composed of the database. The proposed algorithm is evenly divided a histogram extracted from the RGB color image with 16 pins. By rearranging the values in the histogram bin 16 divided by size and then mapped to the area value and a new characteristic value of 1-16. And by applying the correlogram to the image feature values are mapped to the table constitutes the feature character. Compare using this feature table to the query image and database image. In simulation that use the 3,000 JPEG image database, the method presents that the recall property is improved by 0.21 and more than the standard color histogram algorithm.