Effects of Crystalline Order on Exciton Diffusion Length in Poly(3-hexylthiophene)

심명선,신지수,김주현,심치영,김민,조새벽,조길원 한국고분자학회 2011 한국고분자학회 학술대회 연구논문 초록집 Vol.2011 No.2

Efficacy and safety of dose escalation in male patients with overactive bladder showing poor efficacy after low-dose antimuscarinic treatment: A retrospective multicenter study

심명선,김종근,방우진,이용성,조성태,조진선,주관중,현재석,김병훈,이종복,서영진,오철영 대한비뇨의학회 2020 Investigative and Clinical Urology Vol.61 No.6

Purpose: To analyze the efficacy and safety of standard-dose antimuscarinic treatment on male patients with overactive bladder (OAB) symptoms showing poor efficacy after low-dose antimuscarinics. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the data of 566 male patients aged ≥40 with OAB symptoms between January 2017 and June 2018. They were treated with low-dose antimuscarinics for at least 4 weeks and showed poor efficacy; therefore, they were switched to standard dose antimuscarinic treatment (5 mg of solifenacin) for ≥12 weeks. The international prostate symptom score (IPSS) and overactive bladder symptom score (OABSS) at baseline (V0), 4 weeks (V1), and 12 weeks (V2) were analyzed. Post void residual urine volume (PVR) was also recorded. Results: The median age, body mass index, and prostate-specific antigen levels were 69.0 years, 24.2 kg/m2, and 1.24 ng/dL, respectively. The mean value of the total IPSS and OABSS significantly decreased between V0 and V2 (from 16.73 to 13.69 and 7.33 to 5.34, respectively, all p<0.001). All component scores from each questionnaire demonstrated a significant decrease except for numbers three and six on the IPSS questionnaire. PVR was increased from V0 to V2 (36.40 to 68.90 mL, p=0.015). Four and nine patients experienced constipation and thirst, respectively, and all adverse effects were graded as ≤2. Conclusions: Standard dose antimuscarinic treatment using solifenacin (5 mg) may be a safe and effective treatment for patients with OAB symptoms refractory to low-dose antimuscarinic treatment.

Selection of Proper Medium and Amount of Applied Fertilizer for Exportable Cymbidium Young Plants Grown in Korea

심명선,김미선 (사) 한국생물환경조절학회 2010 시설원예‧식물공장 Vol.19 No.4

Bark is a general medium for potted Cymbidium in Korea, but it is difficult to shake off or eliminate the medium from the roots before exporting the potted plants. This working process can injure the roots and then deteriorate plant marketability. This study was carried out to select the optimum medium easier to eliminate from the roots instead of bark and the optimum amount of applied fertilizer to improve the plant growth. Cymbidium young plants ‘Honey Hot’ and ‘Desert Look’ were planted in pots with bark,cocochip, and peatmoss. The plants were treated with 2, 4, and 6 g of slow release fertilizer. The plant growth characteristics were investigated in the first and second years during production period of three years. The medium characteristics and mineral nutrient content of the leaves were also examined in the second year. In the first year, the plant growth of ‘Desert Look’ was improved in all peatmoss treatments more than bark. ‘Honey Hot’ showed the highest plant growth values in the bark treatment. In the second year, the plant growth of the two cultivars was improved in peatmoss. Cocochip treatments showed the lower plant growth values than bark and peatmoss in the first and second year. There was no significant difference among fertilizer amounts in all the media. The higher CEC values of peatmoss medium resulted to higher capacity to hold more nutrients than bark, and the nutrient retention of the peatmoss improved the plant growth. The higher K and Ca contents in the leaves would contribute to improve the plant growth. Consequently,it would be possible to use peatmoss instead of bark for Cymbidium young plants, but there must be always attention to appropriately water the medium and manage the moisture.

Growth Responses and Nutrient Absorption Characteristics of Ardisia Pot Plants in Two Growth Stages as Influenced by Nutrient Solution Strengths

심명선,최성렬,박상근,권오근 한국원예학회 2009 Horticulture, Environment, and Biotechnology Vol.50 No.6

Ardisia pot plants have been popularly marketed as an interior ground cover and a foliage pot plant because of its shiny red berries in winter season. This study was carried out to investigate the plant growth and nutrient absorption characteristics of Ardisia pot plants according to the growth stage and nutrient solution strength. The Sonneveld solutions were diluted to 0, 1/4, 1/2, and 1 times to make treatment solutions. The plants were examined at the vegetative (rooted cutting that have not flowered) and reproductive (more than one year old plant that have flowered) growth stage. A. pusilla showed no remarkable changes in plant growth according to growth stage and nutrient strength. The excess nutrients of the higher strength treatments of 1/2 and 1 times accumulated in the nutrient solution; therefore, the nutrient concentration of 1/4 times was the most effective treatment to economize nutrient supply and improve plant growth. However, some nutrients should be adjusted in the nutrient solution. The compositions of nutrient solution must be adjusted to supplement the contents of total nitrogen as calcium in leaves decreased during the flowering and fruiting. In A. japonica, the nutrient strength must be supplied in different levels according to the growth stage. The nutrient solution strength of 1 times was recommended at the vegetative stage and 1/4 times at the reproductive stage. The leaf contents of calcium and magnesium decreased in the nutrient treatments compared to control; so nutrient solution composition must be regulated for this two nutrients. The excess nutrients accumulated in the higher strength treatments of 1/2 and 1 times until 18 weeks, but the nutrients of ammonium, phosphate, potassium, and magnesium were absorbed suddenly after 18 weeks in these treatments. Therefore, supplementation of these nutrients during this period must be considered. According to this study, the needed nutritional conditions of the two plants in the same genus were different. Therefore, the nutrients must be supplied in the proper time for each plant to harvest high quality products.

Growth Responses of Ardisia pusilla to the Contents of Various Hydrophilic Polymers in the Media

심명선,최성렬,권오근 한국원예학회 2008 Horticulture, Environment, and Biotechnology Vol.49 No.6

This study was carried out to investigate the plant growth and mineral nutrient absorbance in a mixed media with various hydrophilic polymers. Seven hydrophilic polymers such as KS, KM, KL, WM, SNaL, SNaM, and SKM (KS, Kolon small; KM, Kolon middle; KL, Kolon large; WM, Watersave middle; SNaL, Songwon Na large; SNaM, Song won Na middle; SKL, Songwon K large) were used in this experiment. The hydrophilic polymers were treated to determine the effects of particle size, structure like potassium or sodium polyacrylate, and differences between polymers manufactured for agricultural or industrial purpose on the plant growth. Each hydrophilic polymer was mixed with the media in the contents of 0.05, 0.1, 0.2% (v/v, dry condition) and were filled into the pots to plant the plants. The plants were irrigated with the Sonneveld solution and the nutrient solution strength was manipulated to 1/2 times. Large size of particles such as SNaL and SKL had higher hydration ratio (HR). SNaL absorbed the most amount of water, and the next polymers with high values were WM and SKL. However, the HR of all hydrophilic polymers decreased to about 90~150 mL・g-1 with the nutrient solution strength of 1/2 times. SKL, WM, and SNaM had higher container capacities (CC) than that of control. All polymer treatments had higher values of AA than the control. Total porosity (TP) showed a similar tendency to CC and SK, WM, and SNaM had the highest values. The range of pH was between 6 and 7 with no significant difference among the treatments. The EC was higher with all the hydrophilic treatments than that of control. Plant height, number of node, leaf number, and dry weight were the highest with KM and SNaL. There was no difference in K content among the treatments. KM and SNaL had lower reduction rate than the others in Ca and Mg contents of plant leaves. The easily absorption of Ca and Mg could be the cause of better plant growth in these treatments. The content of hydrophilic polymers in the mixed media had no significance in this experiment. Consequently, some polymers with particles of large size had higher HR but there was no consistent correlation with the plant growth. The substituted structure of polymer with potassium was manufactured to reduce toxicity problems on plants, but the plant growth showed no differences in the treatments with SKL compared with the other sorts composed of sodium polyacrylate. The industrial polymer improved plant growth more than that of WM, an agricultural polymer, and could be recommended for agricultural uses.

Changes in Serum Prostate-Specific Antigen Levels after Potassium-Titanyl-Phosphate (KTP) Laser Vaporization of the Prostate

심명선,권택민,김성철,하성헌,안태영 대한비뇨의학회 2010 Investigative and Clinical Urology Vol.51 No.2

Purpose: The prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level decreases after transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP). However, changes in the PSA level after potassium-titanyl-phosphate (KTP) laser vaporization of the prostate are not well known. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of KTP laser vaporization of the prostate on PSA levels in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Materials and Methods: Serum PSA levels were checked before and 1, 3, 6, and 12 months after the procedure in patients who underwent KTP laser vaporization between October 2004 and August 2008. Patients with prostate cancer, a history of urinary retention, or prostatitis during the follow-up period were excluded. The results for 278 patients were studied. Results: The mean age of the patients was 69.0±6.7 years (range, 50-91 years) and the mean preoperative PSA level was 2.72±2.93 ng/ml. The PSA level tended to be increased at 1 month after the operation (3.18±3.23 ng/ml, p=0.032) but decreased within 3 months and became stabilized after 6 months at 1.79±1.82 ng/ml (p<0.001). Conclusions: PSA levels may increase after KTP laser vaporization for a certain period of time, but eventually decrease and become stabilized after 6 months. Therefore, it may be appropriate to wait up to 3 months if the PSA level rises after the procedure, and further investigation should be considered if the PSA level still remains high after 6 months. Purpose: The prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level decreases after transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP). However, changes in the PSA level after potassium-titanyl-phosphate (KTP) laser vaporization of the prostate are not well known. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of KTP laser vaporization of the prostate on PSA levels in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Materials and Methods: Serum PSA levels were checked before and 1, 3, 6, and 12 months after the procedure in patients who underwent KTP laser vaporization between October 2004 and August 2008. Patients with prostate cancer, a history of urinary retention, or prostatitis during the follow-up period were excluded. The results for 278 patients were studied. Results: The mean age of the patients was 69.0±6.7 years (range, 50-91 years) and the mean preoperative PSA level was 2.72±2.93 ng/ml. The PSA level tended to be increased at 1 month after the operation (3.18±3.23 ng/ml, p=0.032) but decreased within 3 months and became stabilized after 6 months at 1.79±1.82 ng/ml (p<0.001). Conclusions: PSA levels may increase after KTP laser vaporization for a certain period of time, but eventually decrease and become stabilized after 6 months. Therefore, it may be appropriate to wait up to 3 months if the PSA level rises after the procedure, and further investigation should be considered if the PSA level still remains high after 6 months.

전립선암에 대한 근치적 전립선적출술 중 동결절편검사 양성의술 전 예측 인자

심명선,유창희,정인갑,김청수 대한비뇨의학회 2009 Investigative and Clinical Urology Vol.50 No.8

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the preoperative factors that predict a positive frozen section during radical prostatectomy for prostate cancer. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively analyzed preoperative prostate-specific antigen (PSA), prostate volume, Gleason score, the number or percent (%) of cancer-positive cores from prostate biopsy, and the clinical stage of 364 patients who underwent radical prostatectomy between 1993 and 2007. We compared these parameters between patients who had positive frozen sections in specimens from the urethra or bladder neck with those who had negative frozen sections. Results: The PSA and Gleason score were significantly higher and prostate volume was significantly smaller in patients with positive frozen sections in the urethra than in patients with negative frozen sections. The results were the same for the bladder neck. In multivariate analysis, PSA was the only independent predictor for positive frozen sections at the bladder neck, and the cutoff value was 8.71 ng/ml. Conclusions: Preoperative PSA may be a potent factor for predicting positive frozen sections during radical prostatectomy, especially in the bladder neck. Therefore, it may be beneficial to prepare frozen sections of the bladder neck during the operation to reduce the positive resection margin when PSA is higher than 8.7 ng/ml. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the preoperative factors that predict a positive frozen section during radical prostatectomy for prostate cancer. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively analyzed preoperative prostate-specific antigen (PSA), prostate volume, Gleason score, the number or percent (%) of cancer-positive cores from prostate biopsy, and the clinical stage of 364 patients who underwent radical prostatectomy between 1993 and 2007. We compared these parameters between patients who had positive frozen sections in specimens from the urethra or bladder neck with those who had negative frozen sections. Results: The PSA and Gleason score were significantly higher and prostate volume was significantly smaller in patients with positive frozen sections in the urethra than in patients with negative frozen sections. The results were the same for the bladder neck. In multivariate analysis, PSA was the only independent predictor for positive frozen sections at the bladder neck, and the cutoff value was 8.71 ng/ml. Conclusions: Preoperative PSA may be a potent factor for predicting positive frozen sections during radical prostatectomy, especially in the bladder neck. Therefore, it may be beneficial to prepare frozen sections of the bladder neck during the operation to reduce the positive resection margin when PSA is higher than 8.7 ng/ml.

The efficacy of performing shockwave lithotripsy before retrograde intrarenal surgery in the treatment of multiple or large (≥1.5 cm) nephrolithiasis: A propensity score matched analysis

심명선,박명찬,박형근 대한비뇨의학회 2017 Investigative and Clinical Urology Vol.58 No.1

Purpose: To investigate the effect of performing shockwave lithotripsy (SWL) before retrograde intrarenal surgery (RIRS) on the treatment outcomes of patients with nephrolithiasis. Materials and Methods: The data of 189 patients with renal stones who underwent RIRS from July 2007 to July 2014 was reviewed retrospectively. Patients with stones larger than 1.5 cm were recommended to undergo SWL before RIRS. Patients were divided into 2 groups based on whether the preoperative SWL was performed (group 1, n=68) or not (group 2, n=121). The cohorts of the 2 groups cohorts were matched 1:1 using propensity score analysis. Patient, stone characteristics, operative parameters, and stone-free rates were compared. Results: Patients in groups 1 and 2 were matched with respect to stone size, number, and location, leaving 57 patients in each group. After matching, no differences were identified between the 2 groups regarding age, body mass index, sex, stone composition, density and multiplicity. Compared to group 2 patients, patients in group 1 had fewer number of procedures performed (1.10 vs. 1.26, p=0.045) and higher stone-free rate (89.4% vs.73.6%, p=0.039). In multivariate analysis, Non lower calyceal location (odd ratio [OR], 8.215; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.782–21.982; p=0.041), stone size (OR, 6.932; 95% CI, 1.022–18.283; p<0.001), and preoperative SWL (OR, 2.210; 95% CI, 1.058–7.157; p=0.019) were independent factors predicting a stone-free state after RIRS. Conclusions: Performing SWL before RIRS may favor stone eliminations during surgery and increase the stone-free rate in selected patients.

Multimodal Treatments of Cystine Stones: An Observational, Retrospective Single-Center Analysis of 14 Cases

심명선,박형근 대한비뇨의학회 2014 Investigative and Clinical Urology Vol.55 No.8

Purpose: To document the experiences of a single institution in evaluating the clinicalcourses and treatment outcomes of patients with cystine stones. Materials and Methods: The clinical data of 14 patients with cystine stones who weretreated at our institution from March 1994 to July 2012 were reviewed. These data includedage at first visit, gender, family history, body mass index, presence of a singlekidney, stone locations, stone burden, routine urinalysis, and culture. In addition, wealso analyzed data on surgery, shock wave lithotripsy, medical treatment, stone recurrenceor regrowth, and overall treatment success rates. Results: The mean age of our patients at their first visit was 19.6±5.0 years, and eightpatients were males. The median stone burden and mean urine pH before each surgerywere 6.5 cm2 and 6.5±0.9, respectively. Two patients had a family history of cystinestones. Patients underwent surgery an average of 2.7 times. The median interval betweensurgeries was 27.3 months, and 1 open surgery, 12 percutaneous nephrolithotomies,and 25 ureterorenoscopies were performed. Potassium citrate or sodium bicarbonatewas used in nine cases. D-Penicillamine was continuously used in threepatients. Patients had an average incidence of 3.2 recurrences or regrowth of stonesduring the median follow-up period of 60.5 months. Conclusions: Patients with cystine stones have high recurrence or regrowth rates andrelatively large stone burdens. Adequate treatment schedules must therefore be establishedin these cases to prevent possible deterioration of renal function.

Effectiveness of three different luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone agonists in the chemical castration of patients with prostate cancer: Goserelin versus triptorelin versus leuprolide

심명선,방우진,오철영,이용성,조진선 대한비뇨의학회 2019 Investigative and Clinical Urology Vol.60 No.4

Purpose: To investigate the changes in testosterone levels and rates of chemical castration following androgen-deprivation therapy (ADT) with goserelin, triptorelin, and leuprolide. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 125 patients with prostate cancer treated with luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) agonists between January 2009 and December 2015. Changes in testosterone concentration during 9 months of ADT with goserelin 11.34 mg, triptorelin 11.25 mg, and leuprolide 11.25 mg were analyzed using a mixed model. The number of patients with serum testosterone below castration levels defined as various values (<50 ng/dL, <20 ng/dL, or <10 ng/dL) at 3, 6, and 9 months were also evaluated. Results: Of the 125 patients, 59 received goserelin, 44 received triptorelin, and 22 received leuprolide, respectively. The lowest mean testosterone levels during 9 months of treatment were achieved in patients treated with triptorelin, followed by those treated with leuprolide, and then by those treated with goserelin (p=0.001). Significant differences in chemical castration levels were observed only at <10 ng/dL, with 54.2% of goserelin, 93.2% of triptorelin, and 86.4% of leuprolide treated patients (p<0.001). Conclusions: Three LHRH agonists showed comparable efficacy for achieving castration when the castration threshold was 50 or 20 ng/dL. However, triptorelin was the most potent LHRH agonist, achieving the lowest mean testosterone levels and the highest rate of chemical castration at <10 ng/dL testosterone.