방정환의 민족주의와 어린이 문학교육

신정아(Shin Jung-a) 동아인문학회 2019 동아인문학 Vol.46 No.-

어린이들을 바르게 기르고 가르쳐야 한다는 소파의 일관된 정신은 1920년 그가 일본에 유학한 시기부터 본격화되었다. 방정환이 유학기간 동안 일본에서 받은 영향은 외국 작품을 번안하거나 전국 각지를 순회하면서 동화구연을 한 것, 그리고 개벽사의 일을 도우면서 『어린이』지를 발행하는 일이었다. 그러나 근대 일본 아동문학의 중심인물인 이와야 사자나미(栗谷小波) 혹은 오가와 미메이(小川未明)와 사상적으로 일치하는 부분을 찾기는 쉽지 않다. 당시 일본의 주요 잡지였던 『소년세계』(少年世界), 『아카이도리』(赤い鳥),『킨노후네』(金の船)등에서도 마찬가지다. 이유인즉 방정환의 어린이문학교육은 독립을 향한 의지와 투철한 민족주의에서 비롯되었기 때문이다. 한편, 그의 번안 작품집 『사랑의 선물』과 소년운동의 실천적 모체인『어린이』지에 선별된 작품은 식민지 상황과 일본의 영향에서 벗어날 수 없었다. 민족의 고통을 동반한 그의 작품은, 식민지 시대를 사는 어린이와 어른이 함께 읽고 느낄 수 있는 작품을 우선시했다. 특히, 어른에게 구박을 받거나 매를 맞는 주인공이 많이 등장하는데, 식민지 조선의 어린이를 동정하고 그들에게 위로를 주는 작품을 읽히는데 주력했다. 이것은 어린이와 어른의 관계이기도 하지만, 한편으로는 식민지 조선과 일본의 관계가 성립되기도 한다. 약자와 강자로 정리되는 관계는 시대적 상황으로 말미암아 이중적인 의미를 부여하는 것이다. Cheondoky`s council for children was established by Kim, Ki-joen, Bang, Jung-hwan, and Lee, Jung-jo on May 1st, 1921 but Bang, Jung-hwan was studying abroad at that time, not involving directly in it. Bang, Jung-hwan was responsible for tasks as a special correspondent in Tokyo for Kaebyeok, a comprehensive magazine which had been established in June, 1920, and for building Tokyo branch of Cheondokyo"s council for youth(Feb 13th, 2921)(Yeom, Hee-kyoung, 78). Since then, he organized Saekdongheo(Coloring Council) with other Korean students who shared his thought, and held the opening ceremony. In addition, early editing for the magazine, Children(Eorinyi) was made in Tokyo. So the Japanese influences on Bang, Jung-hwan during his study in Japan truly affected Korean modern children`s literature education. There have been quite many studies about the Japanese influences on the modern Korean children`s literature education. These studies are dominated with the evaluation that key role of Ywaya Sazanami(hereinafter Sazanami), the father of Japanese children`s literature with regard to the Japanese influences on modern Korean children`s literature education. However, in-depth analysis, Bang, Jung-hwan`s children`s literature education was derived from hope of salvation for Korean people to recover Korean sovereignty lost by Japan during Japanese colonial times, having clear difference from Japanese children`s literature education. Therefore, this study, focusing on Korean modern children`s literature education and the Japanese influences on it, aims at analyzing its truth, and reviewing Bang, Jung-hwan`s idea on children`s literature education through Gift of Love and the magazine, Children(Eorinyi). It is expected that it will be valuable study for building more accurate recognition about Bang, Jung-hwan`s children`s literature education.

LiF-maleic acid 첨가 calcium aluminate 골시멘트 및 CA-PMMA 복합 골시멘트가 백서 두개골 결손부 치유에 미치는 영향

신정아,윤정호,오승한,백정원,최세영,김종관,최성호,Shin, Jung-A,Yun, Jeong-Ho,Oh, Seung-Han,Baik, Jeong-Won,Choi, Se-Young,Kim, Chong-Kwan,Choi, Seong-Ho 대한치주과학회 2002 Journal of Periodontal & Implant Science Vol.32 No.4

The purpose of this study was to evaluate histologically the effect of LiF-maleic acid added calcium aluminate(LM-CA) bone cement & CA-PMMA composite bone cement on the healing of calvarial defect in Sprague-Dawley rats. The critical size defects were surgically produced in the calvarial bone using the 8mm trephine bur. The rats were divided in three groups : In the control group, nothing was applied into the defect of each rat. LM-CA bone cement was implanted in the experimental group 1 and CA-PMMA composite bone cement was implanted in the experimental group 2. Rats were sacrificed at 2, 8 weeks after surgical procedure. The specimens were examined by histologic analysis, especially about the bone-cement interface and the response of surrounding tissue. The results are as follows; 1. In the control group, inflammatory infiltration was observed at 2 weeks. At 8 weeks, periosteum and duramater were continuously joined together in the defect area. But the center of defect area was filled up with the loose connective tissue. 2. In the experimental group 1, the bonding between implanted bone cement and the existing bone was seen, which more increased in 8 weeks than 2 weeks. Inflammatory infiltration and the dispersion of implanted bone cement particles were seen in both 2 weeks and 8 weeks. 3. In the experimental group 2, implanted bone itself had a dimensional stability and no bonding between implanted bone cement and the existing bone was seen in both 2 weeks and 8 weeks. Implanted bone cement was encapsulated by fibrous connective tissue. In addition, inflammatory infiltration was seen around implanted bone cement. On the basis of these results, when LM-CA bone cement or CA-PMMA composite bone cement was implanted in rat calvarial defect, LM-CA bone cement can be used as a bioactive bone graft material due to ability of bonding to the existing bone and CA-PMMA can be used as a graft material for augmentation of bone-volume due to dimensional stability.

버들치(Rhynchocypris oxycephalus)에서 에스트로겐류 물질에 의한 vitellogenin의 유도 및 단일클론항체 제작

신정아,송재영,임희영,장민호,이혜민,정규희,임윤규,윤병수,Shin, Jung-A,Song, Jae-Young,Lim, Hee-Young,Chang, Min-Ho,Lee, Hye-Min,Chung, Kyu-Hoi,Lim, Yoon-Kyu,Yoon, Byoung-Su 대한수의학회 2006 大韓獸醫學會誌 Vol.46 No.1

Vitellogenin (Vtg), a phospholipoglycoprotein precursor of egg yolk is synthesized and secreted from the liver in response to estrogens in female fish. Vtg is normally undetectable in the blood of male fish, but can be induced by exposure to chemicals possessing estrogenic activity. Thus, the presence of Vtg in blood of male fish can serve as a useful biomarker for assessing previous exposure to estrogenic compounds. In the present study, Vtg was abnormally expressed in Rhynchocypris oxycephalus using estradiol benzoate ($E_2$). As the result, it was found that the level of Vtg in blood from R. oxycephalus was increased by treated quantity of $E_2$ with dose-effect manner. Monoclonal antibodies were generated against Vtg of R. oxycephalus. The hybridoma were screened with an enzyme immunoassay for the production of specific anti-Vtg antibodies. Five positive cell lines with a high specificity were selected. Monoclonal antibodies against vtg of R. oxycephalus that was developed in this study, may be a useful bio-indicator for the detection of estrogenic contamination in the aquatic ecosystem.

백서 두개골 결손부에서 입자 크기에 따른 Calcium aluminate cement의 효과

신정아,윤정호,오승한,백정원,최세영,김종관,최성호,Shin, Jung-A,Yun, Jeong-Ho,Oh, Seung-Han,Paik, Jeong-Won,Choi, Se-Young,Kim, Chong-Kwan,Choi, Seong-Ho 대한치주과학회 2002 Journal of Periodontal & Implant Science Vol.32 No.4

This present study was carried out to find the effects of calcium aluminate cement($CaO\;{\cdot}\;Al_2O_3$, CAC), which has been developed with bio-compatibility and mechanical properties, in biological environments. Two different particle sizes of CAC - 3.5${\mu}m$ vs. 212${\sim}$250${\mu}m$ which is recommended in periodontal bone grafting procedures-were filled in 8mm calvarial defect in Sprague-Dawley rat. The specimens were examined histologically, especially the bone-cement interface and the response of surrounding tissues. The results are as follows; 1. In the control group, inflammatory cells were observed at 2 weeks. At 8 weeks, periosteum and dura mater were continuously joined together in the defect areas. But in the center of defect area were filled up with the loose connective tissues. 2. In the experimental group l($212{\mu}m{\sim}250{\mu}m$ particle), immature bone was formed and outermost layer was surrounded by osteoid layer at 2 weeks. Osteoblasts were arranged between immature bone and osteoid layer. And, osteoid layer was remained until 8 weeks after surgery. 3. In the experimental group 2, periosteum and dura mater lost its continuity at 2 weeks. Scattering of CAC particles and infiltration of inflammatory cells were observed, which this findings deepened at 8 weeks. The result of this study shows that when calvarial defects in white rats are filled with calcium aluminate cement of 212${\sim}$250${\mu}m$, the materials are to be bio-compatible in growth and healing on surrounding tissues. When further researches are fulfilled, such as direct bone adhesion and bone regeneration ability, it's possible that CAC could be applied to various periodontology fields in the future.

기술평가를 활용한 천공드릴 특장차 디자인개발에 관한 연구

신정아(주저자) ( Jung A Shin ),김동묵(공동저자) ( Dong Muk Kim ),어슬기(공동저자) ( Seul Gi Eu ),김보미(공동저자) ( Bo Mi Kim ) 한국정보디자인학회 2015 정보디자인학연구 Vol.24 No.-

대규모의 터널굴착에 있어서 터널굴착과정의 안정성에 대한 정보와 터널굴착의 천공, 발파, 분쇄 등에 대해서는 비교적 연구가 부족한 영역에 해당된다. 본 연구에서는 부분 터널 굴착에 있어서 중요한 3가지 과정인 천공, 발파, 분쇄과정의 기술적측면과 굴착작업 생산성에 영향을 주는 천공장비에 대하여 디자인개발과 기술과 디자인에 대한 권리를 강화 등에 관하여 기술하고자 한다. 일반적으로 터널공사 현장에서의 건설기계장비들은 외국선진국의 장비에 비해 많이 낙후되어 있다. 하지만 터널공사의 기술력은 매우 우수한 편에 속한다. 이러한 우수한 기술력을 바탕으로 건설기계들의 외관디자인개발을 통해 경쟁력을 강화하고 또 한 지식재산권으로 권리 보호를 받아 글로벌 기업으로 상장할 수 있는 기틀이 된다. 본 연구의 추진과정은 천공드릴 장비에 대한 기술력을 선진국건설장비와 비교하고 핵심기술을 융합한 디자인개발을 진행하고자 한다. 그리고 지식재산권에 대해 기업이 보유하고 있는 기술력을 분석하여 강한 지식재산권을 구축하도록 하는 것이 본 연구에서 중점적으로 다루고자 한다. Determining tunnel stability is a key issue preliminary site investing. in contrast, problems of excavate ability have been largely ignored. While the choice of an economic tunneling method is admittedly a clear priority in the planning stage, special investigations focusing on the rock fragmentation(e.g. drilling or cutting performance, rock mass blast ability or tool wear) are rarely carried out. This study explores possibilities to quantify key parameters for rock mass excavate ability in drilling, blasting and cutting. This superior technology to strengthen the competitiveness of the exterior design based on the development of construction machinery. Also, take a right protected by intellectual property rights are the foundation that can be traded as a global company. Promote the process of the present study was to compare the progress of drilling equipment and advanced drilling technologies for fusion construction equipment and core technology design development. And should be addressed in the present study focuses on a character by analyzing the technology holds the intellectual property rights for a company to build a strong intellectual property.

윤석중 동시에 드러난 낙천적 환상성 연구 -작품의 내적형식을 중심으로

신정아 ( Jung A Shin ) 단국대학교 한국문화기술연구소 2012 한국문화기술 Vol.13 No.-

Fantasy is made by children’s dream. There will be no fantasy world, if growing children do not have dream or hope. Children’s genuine honesty is really needed for expressing an optimistic childish innocence and presenting a fantasy world. Fantasy world shows something that gratifies children’s desire in literature. As I mentioned earlier, there are not only fairy tale but also many children’s poem which assumed a fantasy based on reality in juvenile literature. For this reason, I studied an optimistic fantasy in Yoon, SeokJung’s children’s poem. I focused on literary work which has fairy tale fantasy based on innocence of childhood, personified fantasy, spatial fantasy and transforming fantasy. There is given a world of fairy tale fantasy when we instill children’s imagination with childish innocence. Furthermore, a personified fantasy gives pleasure with an eccentric and wonderful world to the children who have animistic thoughts such as ‘Every existence has life in the world’. Especially, Yoon, SeokJung’s used ‘Moon’ as a material in his children’s poem. A crescent moon, a half moon and a full moon also appears in this manuscript as an imagery of spatial and transforming fantasy. It looks successful literary work to realize a fantastic image in moon’s shape. Factors of animistic, space time and transforming also helps children’s emotional development which is in Yoon, SeokJung’s children’s poem. Children suddenly realize that they cannot indulge their desire in real world and they start to find active ways to fill their desire. Yoon, SeokJung’s fantasy works have to be understood as an active way to indulge children’s desire. This shows a close correlation with Yoon, SeokJung’s mind which loves children. Children can have a hope by experiencing fantasy world in these literature works. On the other hand, Yoon, SeokJung’s got harsh reviews about disregarding a reality or drawing an unreality child. However, even if Yoon, SeokJung supports a positive childlike world and an optimistic fantasy world, every Yoon, SeokJung’s literature works is not optimistic and hopeful. A typical example, it can be found clearly in Yoon, SeokJung’s work, ‘Snail,’ Yoon, SeokJung also could not avoid reality in that time although he thought children do not have to know this tragic time. Children’s poems also express a realistic contradiction or problems indirectly by making these things materials or themes. However, we need to focus on how realistic contradiction is expressed in children’s poem. In those regards, Yoon, SeokJung’s many literature works which includes ‘Optimistic Fantasy’ proves effectiveness. As there are many literature work which children prefer and focusing on animistic thoughts. It also includes sky which is children’s everlasting dream. Children advanced in optimistic fantasy world. It is not far that the world is the one in children’s mind. We need to recognize the need of ‘Children’s poem fantasy’ for children now and forever, and we also need to continue our effort not only creation but also study. I left the task about ‘External Form’ in optimistic fantasy study in Yoon, SeokJng’s Children’s poem and I hope there is a steady result of children’s fantasy study in future.

동요의 문학성에 따른 어린이 수용양상과 교육적 함의 -신현득의 동요문학선언과 동요시집을 중심으로-

신정아 ( Jung A Shin ) 한국어린이문학교육학회 2014 어린이문학교육연구 Vol.15 No.4

한국아동문학의 역사는 동요에서 시작되었다. 글이 없던 시대에도 어린이들은 노래를 흥얼거렸으며, 그들의 입을 통해 전해져온 구전동요는 어린이문학교육의 시발점이었다. 이러한 동요는 격변기를 거쳐 왔는데, 1960년대 동시작가로 불리던 시인들은 문학성을 잣대로 예술성이 떨어지는 동요를 짓지 않았다. 이 시기 아동문학의 출발이 동요에서 시작되었고, 어린이들에게 동요가 뗄 수 없는 장르라는 것을 인식한 신현득은 몇 동시작가들과 함께 동요문학선언을 공표하여 동요부흥운동을 전개해 나간다. 또한 그가 출간한 동요시집에 실린 작품들은 그가 동요를 시적 경지에까지 끌어올리고 있음을 보여준다. 이후 동요시는 어린이들이 읽고 마는 시에서 문학적인 감동을 주는 성격의 것으로 변화한다. 어린이들은 언어적 표현에 의한 시적 형상화를 직접 체험하면서, 시의 아름다움을 맛보게 된다. 뿐만 아니라, 자연물을 통한 잔잔하면서도 동심의 색채가 강한 어조는 어린이들로 하여금 정서적 몰입을 가능케 하며, 안정되고 풍요로운 살아갈 수 있는 힘도 안겨준다. 이처럼 동요는 어린이의 정서 또는 가치관 형성에 적지 않은 영향을 미친다. 동요의 문학성 정립을 위한 꾸준한 노력은, 어린이문학 교육적 측면에서도 분명한 발전을 가져올 것이라 기대한다. Korean Children`s Literature started from children`s songs. When there were no letters, children sang a song, and children`s folk songs passed on by word of mouth was the starting point of children`s literature education. These children`s songs endured sudden changes, and the poets who were called writers of children`s poems did not compose children`s songs with low artistic quality with criteria of literarity. At that time, the starting point of children`s literature began from children`s songs, and Shin Hyeon Deuk who recognized it as a children`s genre, published a declaration of children`s songs as literature with other writers of children`s poems and conducted a children`s song revival movement. And the pieces in his own collection of children`s song showsraised the genre up to the poetic level. Since then, children`s songs changed from just poems read by children to those thatprovide literary impression. Children experience poetic formation through lingual expressions and enjoy the beauty of poems. Also, a calm but strong child-like tone with nature makes children emotionally immersed and provides a stable and abundant life force. Therefore, children`s songs have a huge influence on the formation of children`s emotions or sense of values. Continuous efforts to build literarity of children`s songs is expected to develop the educational aspect of children`s literature.

가브리엘 루아의 『싸구려 행복』에 나타난 유동하는 근대의 몇몇 양상

신정아 ( Jung A Shin ) 한국불어불문학회 2011 불어불문학연구 Vol.0 No.88

Le propos de cette etude consiste a montrer que Bonheur d`occasion, premier roman de l`ecrivain quebecois Gabrielle Roy, annonce ou denonce prealablement quelques aspects caracteristiques de la modernite liquide que formulera plus tard Zygmunt Bauman, l`un des sociologues actuels les plus influents. Bonheur d`occasion est considere avant tout comme une oeuvre qui a marque le tournant realiste du roman quebecois du fait qu`il symbolise tout a la fois l`arrivee de thematiques urbaines dans la litterature quebecoise et le moment fort du realisme romanesque. Or ce que nous avons souligne dans cette etude, c`est que ce roman nous fournit non seulement le portrait realiste de la societe quebecoise d`une epoque en pleine mutation mais il nous avertit egalement des mefaits a venir de notre societe contemporaine, societe qui fonctionne essentiellement sur le mecanisme de competition/exclusion, qui exige des individus d`etre flexibles et capables de changer de lieu, d`emploi, de valeurs et qui fait des exclus de la modernite autant de vies perdues ou dechets humains. A partir de cette hypothese de travail, nous avons d`abord essaye d`analyser l`espace topologique de la ville qui n`est autre que l`espace d`exclusion a travers la division sociologique existante entre Saint Henri(Basse ville pauvre) et Westmount(Haute ville riche). Ensuite, nous avons tente de montrer le mecanisme selon lequel, le chomeur, une fois exclu de la circuit, devient quelqu`un de superflu, a savoir un dechet humain a l`instar de la production incontrolee de dechets autour de l`episode de la dompe de la Pointe Saint Charles. Nous avons enfin ajoute que si un homme est categorise comme un surplus, c`est surtout parce que c`est un mauvais consommateur par manque de pouvoir d`achat. Certes, aucun personnage du roman ne se considere comme un surplus, ni comme un dechet, chacun est encore a l`etat d`occasion, susceptibles d`etre reutilises, recycles. Mais a l`issue de la lecture du roman, il nous semble que la distance entre les objets d`occasion et les dechets n`est pas si grande et que c`est bien ce message qu`on doit percevoir dans la vision quelque peu alarmante de Gabrielle Roy.

영화 <고지전>과 전쟁의 실재

신정아 ( Jung A Shin ),최용호 ( Yong Ho Choi ) 한국기호학회 2012 기호학연구 Vol.31 No.-

In this paper we attempt to read a film by JANG Hun entitled <The Front Line>, using a semiotic model called Semiotic Square. Especially focussing on the less discussed part of this model, that is, the place which can be characterized in terms of ``neither~ nor~``, we have suggested a possibility of reinterpreting the Semiotic Square from a politico-esthetic point of view. It is our conviction that the systematicity of a system can be so radically put into question by this dialectic movement of double crossed contradiction that a new possibility is opened up. Based on the concept of double crossed contradiction, we have characterized the space featured in this film in the form of a Front Line from triple perspective: frontier, indeterminacy and potential. The front line is a place where neither the south nor the north can claim its ideology. In the conclusion we have shown that it is in this space of double crossed contradiction that a new politico-esthetic experimentation can be carried out.

라신의 『페드르』를 둘러싼 세 가지 논란에 대한 고찰

신정아 ( Shin Jung-a ) 한국프랑스고전문학회 2008 프랑스고전문학연구 Vol.11 No.-

Cet ecrit a pour but de revoir les trois controverses autour de Phedre qui n'ont cesse de faire couler beaucoup d'encre, et ce, des le vivant de son auteur. La premiere concerne le fait que Phedre fut suivie d’un silence de douze annees avant que Racine ait mis au monde Esther sur la demande de Mme de Maintenon. Une telle rupture, consecutive a un tel chef-d'oeuvre est depuis longtemps consideree comme le tournant majeur de la vie de Racine. Pour expliquer cet evenement, de nombreux critiques et biographes ont avance une raison unique, a savoir sa conversion, selon la version donnee par son fils Louis Racine. D’autres comme Jules Lemaitre a l’epoque romantique sont meme alles jusqu'a y voir un renoncement total de l’artiste. Or les temoignages contemporains nous montrent sans ambiguite que si Racine avait quitte le theatre, c'etait essentiellement pour repondre a l’appel du roi Louis XIV d'ecrire l’histoire du regne. La deuxieme est etrcdtement liee a la precedente. Il s'agit d'une anecdote rapportee par Louis Racine. Selon lui, Boileau, ayant porte un exenplaire de Phedre au Grand Amauld aurait obtenu de lui qu'il reconnut l’innocence de la tragedie, prelude a une reconciliation entre Racine et Arnauld qui serait intervenue quelques jours plus tard. Mais cette anecdote bien enjolivee ne peut etre qu'une affabulation. En effet, il est invraisemblable qu’une haute figure du jansenisme comme Arnauld ait envisage un seul instant qu'une tragedie put etre innocente, dans la mesure ou les jansenistes comme tous les augustiniens, soutenaient une position inconciliable avec le theatre. Enfin, la troisieme controverse qu‘il faut mentionner a propos de Phedre fut soulevee par une tragedie de Pradon portant le meme titre. Si l’on en croit les panegyristes de Racine, celui-ci aurait ete victime d’une cabale d'envergure, nee dans l’entourage de deux femmes dont le point commun aurait ete leur hostilite a Racine. Cependant, en depit d’un antagonisme certain envers Racine dans quelques milieux, rien ne permet de parler d'une sombre machination qu'on a fait passer a la posterite. Par ailleurs, faire passer Racine pour la victime des attaques d'une coterie presentait l’avantage d’occulter ses propres manoeuvres contre la piece concurrente. En effet, meme si les manoeuvres de Racine ne sont guere a son honneur, il demeure certain qu'il est effectivement intervenu en haut lieu pour s'eviter la concurrence directe de Pradon. La revue de ces trois controverses ne pretend pas du tout fournir une nouvelle perspective aux etudes raciniennes. Mais a l’occasion de la parution recente d’une nouvelle biographie intitulee Jean Racine, ouvrage tant volumineux que complet, apporter une nouvelle lumiere a ces vieilles controverses autour de Phedre ne sera pourtant pas sans interet, dans la mesure ou la longevite et la diversite de la reception de l’oeuvre sont, en elles-memes, des temoignages de la qualite ou du sort heureux d'un chef-d'oeuvre.