Occurrence of Pink Mold Rot of Strawberry Caused by Trichothecium roseum in Korea

권진혁,신순선,김진우 한국식물병리학회 2010 Plant Pathology Journal Vol.26 No.3

근권토양의 환경이 고추역병 억제 미생물 Serratia plymuthica A21-4의 고추뿌리와 근권 토양 정착에 미치는 영향

조박,신순선,문재예,송상,박창석 한국식물병리학회 2009 식물병연구 Vol.15 No.2

The biocontrol agent Serratia plymuthica A21-4 was selected and proved as an excellent inhibitor of Phytophthora blight of pepper through in vitro and in vivo experiments in previous studies. To enhance the colonizing density of S. plymuthica A21-4 on plant root and rhizosphere soil, some soil conditions might effect on the colonization of the bacteria were examined. The results obtained from the study indicated that the soils containing more sand were favorable to root colonization of S. plymuthica A21-4. Organic amendment such as 3% maize straw(w/w) was helpful to colonize the bacteria in root and soil. The soil temperature about 20oC, water content around 40%, and soil pH near to neutral or slightly acidic, were optimum condition for the colonization of S. plymuthica A21-4 in the rhizosphere soil and roots of pepper. In addition, existence of indigenous biotic entities was beneficial to the colonization of S. plymuthica A21-4. The biocontrol agent Serratia plymuthica A21-4 was selected and proved as an excellent inhibitor of Phytophthora blight of pepper through in vitro and in vivo experiments in previous studies. To enhance the colonizing density of S. plymuthica A21-4 on plant root and rhizosphere soil, some soil conditions might effect on the colonization of the bacteria were examined. The results obtained from the study indicated that the soils containing more sand were favorable to root colonization of S. plymuthica A21-4. Organic amendment such as 3% maize straw(w/w) was helpful to colonize the bacteria in root and soil. The soil temperature about 20oC, water content around 40%, and soil pH near to neutral or slightly acidic, were optimum condition for the colonization of S. plymuthica A21-4 in the rhizosphere soil and roots of pepper. In addition, existence of indigenous biotic entities was beneficial to the colonization of S. plymuthica A21-4.

고추 탄저병균(Colletotrichum acutatum)의 분생포자 비산과 과실병반에 형성된 전염원 밀도

지형진,신순선,이지현,김원일,홍성준,김용기 한국식물병리학회 2010 식물병연구 Vol.16 No.1

본 연구는 고추 탄저병균인 Colletotrichum acutatum의 강우에 따른 비산량과 비산거리 및 포장에서 감염 후 병증상의 발현시기 그리고 병반에 형성된 전염원의 밀도 등을 알아보기 위해 수행하였다. 고추탄저병균의 분생포자는 비가 오는 날에 99.2%가 비산되었고 맑은 날에는 단지 0.8%의 포자만이 비산하였다. 포자의 비산량은 전염원과의 거리와 정의 상관이 있었다. 고추 탄저병균 포자의 93.3%는 전염원과 30cm 수평거리에서 60cm 높이 이하로 전파되었으며 120cm 높이까지 비산하는 것으로 조사되었다. 노지에서 상대적으로 감수성이 높은 품종의 고추 과실과 낮은 품종의 과실은 각각 4일과 6일 후에 최초로 외부 병 증상을 나타내었다. 하지만 10일 후에 병증상을 나타내기도 하여 기상환경에 따라 병원균의 잠복기간이 10일 이상일 가능성도 있을 것으로 판단되었다. 고추 병반에 형성된 전염원인 분생포자의 수는 병방의 크기가 클수록 많았는데 병반의 길이가 1.5 cm 이상일 경우에는 병반 당 천만 개 이상의 포자가 형성되었으며 여러 개의 병반이 합쳐져 병반 길이가 4cm가 넘을 경우 1억개가 넘는 포자가 형성되기도 하였다. 이상의 결과로 고추 탄저병균인 C. acutatum이 빗물에 튀어서 전파되고 비바람의 강도에 따라 상당히 먼 거리로 전파될 수 있으며 기상환경에 따라 감염 후 10일 이상의 잠복기를 가질수 있으며 한 개의 큰 병반에는 수 천만개의 전염원이 형성되는 것을 확인되었다. 따라서 고추 탄저병의 가장 효과적인 방제수단은 빗물을 직접 맞지 않도록 하는 비가림 시설이며, 노지에서는 병든 과실을 조기에 제거하고 병 발생 초기에 적절한 약제를 살포하여 전염원의 밀도를 낮추는 것이 무엇보다 중요하다. This study was aimed to understand conidial disperse of the pepper anthracnose fungus Colletotrichum acutatum, elapse time for the disease development, and inoculum potentials on infected fruits. Most (99.2%)conidia of the fungus disseminated from inoculum source on the rainy day, while only 0.8% conidia dispersed on the sunny day. Among the conidia 93.3% were caught under 60 cm height at 30 cm distance; however,conidia were detected at 120 cm height at the distance. Relatively susceptible pepper fruits to anthracnose showed first visible symptoms at 4 days after infection under a mimic field condition. However, it seemed that over 10 days are required for the disease to develop on moderately resistant pepper fruits under unfavorable conditions. The number of conidia formed on a lesion was positively correlated with the lesion size (R2=0.88). Over 10 millions of conidia were formed at a normal lesion size 1.5 cm in length. In some large coalesced lesions ca. 4cm in length produced over 100 millions of the fungal conidia. Results further confirmed that the rainfall is the key factor for the inoculum disperse of the pepper anthracnose pathogen, Colletotrichum acutatum, and a long distance dissemination is plausible according to rain and wind intensity. Consequently,rain-proof structures are ideal to avoid the disease, and removal of infected fruits and timely chemical spray are indispensible to reduce the inoculum potential in the field.

Sclerotinia sclerotiorum에 의한 미나리 균핵병

권진혁,박창석,신순선 한국식물병리학회 2003 식물병연구 Vol.9 No.2

A sclerotinia rot of Water cress (Oenanthe javanica) occurred in the commerical farmers field at Garye-myon, Uiryeong-gun, Gyeongnam Province, Korea, 2002. The typical symptoms appeared on leaves and stems. At first, the infected leaves or stems turned dark green later become watery soft rotted; white fluffy mycelia grew from the lesion, later formed black sclerotia. Sclerotia on the infected plants and PDA medium were globose to cylindrical or irregular in shape and 1.0¥10.7 × 1.0~7.6 mm in size. Cup-shaped aphothecia with numerous asci were formed from sclerotinia and the size were 0.4~1.6 cm in diameter. Asci with 8 spores were cylindrical and 74~236 × 4.2~24.8 mm in size. Ascospores of one cell were hyaline, ellipsoid to ovoid in shape, and 8.3~12.4 × 3.6~7.2 mm in size. The optimum temperature for mycelial growth was 25oC, and sclerotinia formation was between 15~20oC. On the basis of mycological characteristics and pathogenecity test to host plants, the fungus was identified as Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. This is the first report of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum caused sclerotinia rot on Oenanthe javanica caused by in Korea.

Stem Rot of Strawberry Caused by Sclerotium rolfsii in Korea

권진혁,박창석,신순선 한국식물병리학회 2004 Plant Pathology Journal Vol.20 No.2

A destructive stem rot of strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa cv. Akihime) sporadically occurred in farmers' fields in Daegok-myon, Jinju city, Gyeongnam province in Korea. The infected plants showed stem and crown rot, with occasional blighting of the whole plant. White mycelia appeared on stems of infected clones and sclerotia formed on the old lesions near soil surface. The fungus formed white colony on PDA and showed maximum mycelial growth and sclerotial formation at 30oC. The fungus usually have many narrow hyphal strands, 2.6-10.0 μm in width, in the aerial mycelium. Typical clamp connections were formed on the mycelium. Sclerotia were spherical and 1.0-2.4 mm in size. The fungus was repeatedly isolated from infected tissues and identified as Sclerotium rolfsii. Its pathogenicity was confirmed when inoculated onto strawberry. This is the first report on the stem rot of strawberry caused by S. rolfsii in Korea.

변산반도 격포 적벽강 일대 야외지질 학습자료 개발 및 적용

조규성,양우헌,신순선,오재명,정덕호 한국지구과학회 2012 한국지구과학회지 Vol.33 No.7

This study is to develop teaching materials for the geological fieldwork of Jeokbyeokgang area located in the national park of the Byeonsan-bando National Park, Buangun, Jeonbuk, Korea. The developed teaching materials are used in middle school science to effectively teach the fieldwork of the area. The sedimentary succession of Jeokbyeokgang area in the Cretaceous age, Mesozoic, represents the large-scale and distinctive sedimentary structures on sea cliffs, which are worth developing as teaching materials for the earth science fieldwork. The area of Jeokbyeokgang also comprises various geological structures related to the advanced learning programs as well as those within the curriculum of earth science in middle school level. A five-step fieldwork model was applied to 20 students in middle school earth science. This study quantitatively analyzed students' responses to the process of the fieldwork activity. Results indicated that the fieldwork activity using the developed teaching materials was effective in helping the students to improve their self-directed learning and practical understanding of earth science. 이 연구는 전북 부안군 변산반도 국립공원 내 적벽강 지역의 야외지질 학습자료를 개발하려는 것이다. 또한 이를 중학교 학생들을 대상으로 교육적 효과를 최대화하기 위해 적용하였다. 적벽강 지역의 중생대 백악기 퇴적층은 해안절벽에 형성된 큰 규모의 뚜렷한 퇴적구조와 암석을 관찰할 수 있어 지구과학 교과 야외학습 자료로 개발할 만한 가치가 있다. 또한 이 지역은 중등 과학과 교과과정의 일반적 내용, 심화학습 프로그램과 관련된 다양한 지질구조를 관찰할 수 있다. 5단계 야외학습 모델이 중학교 지구과학 수업에서 20명에게 적용되었다. 이 연구는 야외학습 과정에 따른 학생들의 반응을 분석하였다. 결과적으로 개발한 학습자료를 이용한 야외지질학습은 학생들의 과학에 대한 정의적 인식을 높였고 학습 활동에 긍정적 효과가 있었다.

채소 종자별 온탕침지 종자소독 효과검정

이지현,류경열,지형진,신순선,박용주 한국식물병리학회 2007 식물병연구 Vol.13 No.3

Hot water treatment that is the most appropriate seed disinfection method for organic vegetable farming was evaluated in this study. Among the leafy vegetable seeds lettuce that was the most sensitive to hot water was suitable to treat at 45oC for 25 min, while Chinese cabbage and radish seeds were optimally treated at 50oC for 25 min. The treatments resulted in similar or higher seed germination rate than non-treated seeds and promoted plant growth. In addition, fungi such as Alternaria, Aspergillus, Penicillium, or Mucor grown on the seeds were suppressed over 90% and the bacterial growth on lettuce seeds reduced 98.5% by the treatment. Among the fruit vegetable seeds pumpkin that was vulnerable to hot water was suitable to treat at 50oC for 15 min, while cucumber and hot pepper seeds revealed optimum treatment at 50oC for 25 min as chinese cabbage and radish. The treatment also showed similar or higher seed germination rate and growth than non-treated seeds. Furthermore, fungi such as Rhizopus, Aspergillus, Penicillium or Mucor grown on the seeds reduced from 72.0% to 95.4%. The bacterial growth on cucumber and red pepper seeds was suppressed from 65.5% to 86.0% by the treatment. Results indicated that the hot water treatment is practical for disinfection of organic vegetable seeds and the optimum temperature and soaking time varied among the seeds.

고추역병 생물적방제 근권세균의 선발 및 근권정착 능력 연구

장리경,왕정정,상숙한,신순선,사홍종 한국식물병리학회 2010 식물병연구 Vol.16 No.2

Four promising biocontrol agents against Phytophthora capsici were selected from 507 bacterial isolates collected from rhizosphere soils and roots of pepper plants. In vitro experiment, these four biocontrol agents inhibited mycelial growth, germination of cystospores, and formation of zoosporangia and zoospores of Phytophthora capsici. In the pot experiment, the four biocontrol agents showed control efficiency higher than 70%. In greenhouse experiment, the isolates G28-6 gave the control value of 79.4%. These four biocontrol agents successfully colonized in the population density beyond 105 cfu/g on roots of pepper in vitro. The isolates G28-6 was identified as Pseudomonas aurantiaca, based on its cultural, morphological, and biochemical characterization and 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. 하남성지역의 고추역병 발병포장 건전한 고추뿌리와 근권토양에서 세균 507균주를 분리하였는데, 그중에서 고추 역병균에 길항효과가 우수한 G28-6, G28-5, I7-6과 H14-1균주를 선발하였다. In vitro에서 선발된 균주들은 고추 역병균의 균사생장, 유주자낭과 유주자 형성, 그리고 피낭포자의 발아를 현저하게 억제하였고, Pot시험에서 선발된 균주 모두 70% 이상의 방제효과를 나타냈고, 포트시험에서 방제효과가 우수하였던 G28-6균주는 고추역병 자연발생 비닐하우스에서 79.4%의 방제가를 보여 공시된 화학농약 80% Mancozeb 보다 훨씬 높은 방제효과를 보였다. 뿐만 아니라 선발된 4균주 모두 in vitro에서 우수한 근권정착능력을 보였다. 고추역병 방제에 우수한 길항 세균으로 선발된 G28-6균주의 16S rRNA gene 염기서열 분석과 그의 형태적, 생리적 특성들을 Bergey's manual of Systematic Bacteriology를 기준으로 비교하여 Pseudomonas aurantiaca로 동정하였다.

Phytophthora Rot on Sword Bean Caused by Phytophthora nicotianae

권진혁,지형진,박창석,신순선 한국식물병리학회 2004 Plant Pathology Journal Vol.20 No.4

Phytophthora rot on sword bean, Canavalia gladiata, which has not been reported yet in Korea, occurred in some fields of Jinju in 2003. The disease develops on the basal stem of the plant, but is also often observed on leaves and pods. Rot lesions begin with small dark brown spots and as these are water-soaked, they enlarge rapidly. The magnitude of at the field reached 40%. Abundant sporangia of Phytophthora were formed on the surface of diseased pods and were mummied later. The causal fungus was identified as P. nicotianae with the following mycological characteristics: Sporangiumreadily formed in water, papillate, noncaducous, ovoid to spherical, 24-58 (L) × 22-35 (W) in size; Oogoniumspherical, smooth walled, and 22-30; Oospore- aplerotic, spherical, and 18-24; Antheridium- amphigynous, unicellula, and spherical; Chlamydospore- abundant, spherical, and 25-35; Sexuality- heterothallic, and A1 or A2; Optimum growth temperature- about 28oC. The fungus showed strong pathogenicity to sword bean. Symptoms similar to those observed in the fields appeared 2 days and 4 days after inoculation with and without wound on pods. This is the first report of Phytophthora rot of sword bean in Korea.

단문 : Sclerotium rolfsii에 의한 가지 흰비단병

권진혁 ( Jin Hyeuk Kwon ),신순선 ( Shun Shan Shin ),박창석 ( Chang Seuk Park ) 한국균학회 2003 韓國菌學會誌 Vol.31 No.2