Efficacy of closantel for treatment of naturally-acquired and experimentally-induced Fasciola hepatica infections in cattle

신성식,이정길,조신형,김종택,위성하,Shin, Sung-shik,Lee, Chung-gil,Cho, Shin-hyeong,Kim, Jong-taek,Wee, Sung-ha The Korean Society of Veterinary Science 1995 大韓獸醫學會誌 Vol.35 No.2

Closantel이 간질(Fasciola hepatica)에 감염된 소에 미치는 치료 효과를 알아보기 위하여 간질 및 쌍구흡충에 자연감염된 41두의 한우 암컷에 체중 kg당 closantel 5mg을 1회 경구투여하였다. 치료 후 2주째부터 일주일 간격으로 3회 실시한 분변검사에서 closantel로 치료한 군은 치료 후 2주째까지는 음성이었으나 치료 후 3주 및 4주째에는 3마리의 소의 분변에서 간질충란이 검출되어 97.7%의 음전율을 나타냈다. 치료군 41두 중 30두는 임신중이었으나 임신우로부터 또는 이들로 부터 태어난 송아지에서 아무런 부작용이나 이상증세가 관찰되지 않았다. 검사한 모든 소에서 쌍구흡충란이 검출되었으나 closantel 치료에 의하여 제거되지 않았다. 두번째 실험에서는 16두의 Holstein종 송아지에 실험적으로 300개의 간질 피낭유충을 인공감염시켰으며, 감염후 14주째에 이르러 모든 개체의 분변에서 간질 충란이 검출되었다. 이들에게 감염 후 18주에 체중 kg당 5mg의 closantel을 경구투여하였으며, 치료 후 2주째부터 1주일 간격으로 3회 실시된 충란검사에서 치료군의 모든 송아지가 100% 음전율을 나타냈다. 본 실험의 결과, 간질에 자연 또는 인공감염된 소에 체중 kg당 5mg의 closantel을 경구투여했을 경우, 97% 이상의 치료효과가 있음이 관찰되었다. The efficacy of closantel against naturally-acquired and experimentally-induced F hepatica and param-phistomes were administered once orally with closantel at the level of 5mg/kg body weight. In a double-checked fecal examination, cows treated with closantel did not contain F hepatica eggs in their feces at second week post-treatment(PT). At the third and fourth weeks PT, however, Fasciola eggs were found in the feces of 3 treated cows, resulting in a 97.7% efficacy. Of the 41 treated cattle, 30 were at various stages of gestation. No side effects were observed in any of the treated cows and congenital defects among calves born from the treated cows were not reported. Closantel was not effective against paramphistomes. In a separate experiment, 16 Holstein caves were experimentally infected with 300 F hepatica metacercariae each. F hepatica eggs were found in the feces of all infected calves by 14 weeks post-infection(PI). Calves were then treated at 18 weeks PI once orally with 5mg/kg body weight closantel. None of the treated calves contained F hepatica eggs in their feces at 2nd, 3rd or 4th week PT. Our results indicate that oral administration of closantel at the level of 5mg/kg body weight eliminated all mature F hepatica in the liver, while some of immature flukes survived to become adult and produce eggs.

임상증세를 보이지 않는 개심장사상충증의 방사선학적 소견

신성식,서영우,권중기,김상기,김종택,Shin, Sung-shik,Seo, Young-woo,Kwon, Jung-kee,Kim, Sang-ki,Kim, Jong-taek 대한수의학회 2001 大韓獸醫學會誌 Vol.41 No.2

Dirofilaria immitis, the causative agent of canine heartworm disease, inhabits mainly in the pulmonary arteries and the heart of dogs and cats, causing circulatory and respiratory disorders. Although diagnosis of the disease is based on the presence of microfilaria in the peripheral blood or of specific antigens released from the adult worms into the peripheral blood, the severity of the infection and the assessment of disease progression are based on the clinical signs and radiographic image analysis. We analysed 12 mixed-bred Jindo dogs naturally infected with Dirofilaria immitis without any clinical signs and compared the radiographic images of the heart and the lung with the number of adult worms at necropsy. The dorsoventral radiographs of 12 infected dogs revealed that the right caudal lobar pulmonary arteries (RCaLPA) were dialated in 66.7% of dogs, whereas the main pulmonary artery segment was enlarged in 50.3% of dogs. The cranial lobar pulmonary arteries (RCrLPA) were dilated or pruned in 33.3% of dogs. All dogs displayed the interstitial lung pattern, while the vertebral heart size (VHS) was of normal range. Although a range of 9 to 166 adult worms (av. 45.6) was found in the pulmonary arteries, in the heart or in the vena cava, no correlation with the radiographic findings and/or with the clinical signs was observed.

학술 2 - 김치에 함유된 돼지회충란의 사멸조건

신성식,Shin, Sung-Shik 대한수의사회 2012 대한수의사회지 Vol.48 No.9

Livestock excretes are frequently used in organic farming to produce vegetables and crops. However, zoonotic parasite eggs can be contaminated into such products and people can be infected with parasites of animal origin. Sporadic zoonotic infections with Ascaris suum have been reported even in developed countries, such as North America, Denmark, and the United Kingdom. Ascaris eggs are resistant to most adverse environmental conditions, and pigs and humans become infected by ingestion of fecally excreted eggs through contaminated food, water, or soil. This article discusses the resistant nature of ascarid eggs against harsh environment, and conditions of kimchi to be safe from consuming viable A. suum eggs.

경사모세관법(傾斜毛細管法)에 의한 산양혈액(山羊血液)의 적혈구침강율(赤血球沈降率) 측정(測定)

신성식,이방환,신종욱,Shin, Sung-shik,Lee, Bang-whan,Shin, Jong-uk 대한수의학회 1986 大韓獸醫學會誌 Vol.26 No.1

The purpose of this study is to develop a new method which enables the goat ESR to be used as an effective clinical test. Blood samples were taken from 61 Korean native goats aged above one year old and the effect of tube inclinations, tube bores, tube lengths, environmental temperatures during tests and packed erythrocyte volumes (PCV) on the ESR were observed. The results were summarized as follows. 1. The ESR/hr using capillary hematocrit tube (Micro-Ht-tube) was gradually increased as the tube angle inclined from 90 (vertical) to 15 degrees and the best angle in view of both security and fast sedimentation rate was found to be an angle of 45 degrees. 2. The 45-degree angled ESR ($45^{\circ}$-ESR) increased as the diameter of tube bore decreased. 3. The tube length did not affect the $45^{\circ}$-ESR in percent. 4. The $45^{\circ}$-ESR increased with the increased environmental temperature during the ESR test. 5. The heparinized Micro-Ht tubes did not affect the $45^{\circ}$-ESR of EDTA-blood in healthy group but in anemic group. In the anemic group, the ESRs by the heparinized Micro-Ht-tubes were slightly higher than those by non-heparinized Micro-Ht-tubes. 6. By using the autologous plasma, PCV of the blood was adjusted to be 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50ml/100ml and $45^{\circ}$-ESRs were determined in the Micro-Ht-tubes. The $45^{\circ}$-ESRs increased as the values of PCV decreased. The regression of the $45^{\circ}ESR$ to PCV was curvilinear with the second degree polynomial, $Y=42.1838-1.7355X+0.0180X^2$(r=0.9997). 7. The $45^{\circ}$-ESR/hr, using non-heparinized Micro-Ht-tubes at $20^{\circ}C$, was determined in 35 healthy Korean native goats. The average PCV was $30.6{\pm}1.4ml/100ml$. The observed ESR values averaged $6.8{\pm}1.7%$ and the corrected ESR values to the standard PCV of 31ml/100ml averaged $6.5{\pm}1.2%$. From these results, the angled capillary tube method was found to be desirable ESR test of goat blood in which EDTA-blood is filled in nonheparinized Micro-Ht-tubes held at an angle of 45 degrees for an hour at $20^{\circ}C$.

진도개에 감염된 심장사상층증의 초음파 진단에 관한 연구

신성식,권중기,김상기,Shin, Sung-shik,Kwon, Jung-kee,Kim, Sang-ki 대한수의학회 2000 大韓獸醫學會誌 Vol.40 No.4

Echocardiography, vital signs, microfilaremia, and blood chemistry of 12 Jindo dogs naturally infected with canine heartworms (Dirofilaria immitis) were analysed and compared with those of 5 uninfected control Jindo dogs. Nine of the twelve infected dogs contained microfiaria in the peripheral blood, whereas the presence of adult heartworms in the pulmonary arteries and/or in the heart was detected from four dogs by echocardiography. Among the four echocardiography-positive dogs, two dogs also displayed evidence of heartworms in the right ventricle by echocardiography. Upon necropsy, a total of 547 adult worms was collected from the 12 infected dogs (av = 45.6, range = 9-166). Dogs with positive echocardiograpic images of heartworms contained 48, 74, 104 and 166 adult worms in the heart, pulmonary arteries and/or in the caudal vena cava (av. 98.0), whereas 9 to 39 worms (av. 19.4) were collected from those organs of dogs with negative echocardiography. Most heartworms were found in the right ventricle (438, 80%) at necropsy, whereas relatively fewer worms were found in the pulmonary arteries (96, 17.6%), and in the caudal vena cava (13, 2.4%). The necropsy findings on the location of adult worms significantly differed from the results of echocardiographic analysis in which the right ventricle of most dogs did not show the presence of heartworms. These results indicated that the adult heartworms had been located in the terminal branches of the pulmonary arteries when the host was alive, but the worms moved toward the right ventricle shortly after the heart of the infected dogs stopped beating. Microfilaremia in the peripheral blood was the highest in the blood samples collected at 10 pm. However, the correlation between the number of microfilaria and of adult worms was not observed. Clinical and vital signs of infected dogs did not show any significant difference before and after a 30 minute-exercise at 5 km/hr compared to those of uninfected control dogs.

면역억압 또는 면역활성된 마우스에 간질(Fasciola hepatica)을 감염시킨 후 관찰되는 약물요법과 숙주의 면역기전과의 상호협력관계

신성식,김철희,Shin, Sung-shik,Kim, Cheol-hee 대한수의학회 2000 大韓獸醫學會誌 Vol.40 No.3

This study was performed to observe the influence of host immune response on the chemotherapy of mice experimentally infected with Fasciola hepatica. Following immunosuppression with prednisolone or immunoenhancement with Freund's complete adjuvant(FCA), mice were experimentally infected with 3 Fasciola hepatica metacercariae and treated with closantel at 1 week post infection. In the group of mice infected with metacercariae alone, 2 mice of 10 were dead at 10 weeks post infection(20% mortality), and adult flukes were recovered from the liver and the peritoneal cavity of the remaining 8 mice(100% infectivity). In the group of mice treated with prednisolone and infected with metacercariae, 8 of 10 mice died before euthanasia with a mean time of death earlier than the control group (p<0.05). In the group of immunosuppressed mice infected with metacercariae and treated with closantel 20mg/kg, 4 of 10 mice died before sacrifice. In the group of mice infected and treated with closantel 20mg/kg, mortality and infectivity was 10% and 30%, respectively. Similar results were observed in mice infected and treated with closantel 5mg/kg which resulted in 10% and 50% mortality and infectivity, respectively. These results indicated that the efficacy of closantel treatment was decreased in immunosuppressed mice, while the pathogenicity was increased. In immunoenhanced mice infected with metacercariae, on the other hand, the efficacy of chemotherapy with both 5mg/kg or 20mg/kg closantel resulted in only 10% infectivity. The results shown in this study strongly suggest that a close interaction between chemotherapy against F hepatica with closantel and the host immune system exists. Considering that fascioliasis is a zoonosis, treatment regimen against the infection to immunosuppressed patients may require a concurrent prescription of an appro-priate immuno-enhancing adjuvant.

형사사법정보시스템(KICS)의 활용실태 및 개선방안

신성식,Shin, Sung Shik 한국융합보안학회 2015 융합보안 논문지 Vol.15 No.4

KICS is intended to facilitate the computerization of the criminal justice process and realize a quick and transparent criminal justice process. Thus, it has been operating in the field of criminal justice by establishing criminal justice portal for the empowerment of the people. While in 2008 the opposition by the Court concerns the independent function of the judiciary and privacy violations presented in conjunction with its own operating system between the judiciary and other institutions. KICS improve office productivity by creating documents in a single criminal justice agencies to reduce costs, and costs of document exchange between criminal justice agencies. Secondly, the decision-making process is simplified by using the electronic documentation system and speed up, bind and document handling procedures ranging from preserving documents received are reduced dramatically contribute to the competitiveness of the organization through business improvement. Third, The use of an electronic document stored in the information is easy, and it is possible to easily access a variety of information can facilitate the realization of an open state by smoothly to provide information about the people. Finally, KICS building a network of criminal legal systems to maximize the benefits and the electronic integration effect it is being evaluated to improve the overall efficiency of the criminal legal system. 형사사법정보시스템(KICS)는 형사사법절차의 전자화를 촉진하여 신속 공정하고 투명한 형사사법절차를 실현하고자 하는 목표 하에 시행되고 있다. 그리하여 형사사법 분야의 대국민 서비스를 개선하여 국민의 권익신장을 위해 형사사법포털을 구축하여 운영되고 있다. 2008년 법원이 사법부의 독립적 기능 침해 및 개인정보보호를 우려하여 반대하면서 사법부와 타 기관간의 독자적 시스템 운영과 연계를 제시하였다. 이러한 형사사법정보시스템은 첫째, 단일 형사사법기관에서 서류 작성하여 형사사법기관 간 문서교환에 소요되는 비용 및 원가를 절감시킴으로써 사무생산성을 향상, 둘째, 전자문서시스템을 이용함으로써 의사결정 과정이 단순화 신속화하고, 문서 접수에서부터 편철 및 보존에 이르는 문서처리절차가 비약적으로 축소되어 업무개선을 통한 조직의 경쟁력 제고에 기여, 셋째, 전자문서를 이용하게 되면 정보의 축적이 용이하고, 다양한 정보에 용이하게 접근할 수 있어 국민에 대한 정보제공을 원활하게 함으로써 열린 정부의 실현을 촉진할 수 있으며, 형사사법체계의 네트워크를 구축하여 전자통합효과를 극대화함으로써 형사사법체계 전반의 업무 효율성을 제고시키는 장점과 평가를 받고 있다.

A case report of Cheyletiella infestation on a Whippet dog in Korea

Sung-Shik SHIN(신성식) 대한기생충학열대의학회 1996 The Korean Journal of Parasitology Vol.34 No.4

국제 금융범죄의 종류 및 수법에 관한 연구

신성식(Shin. Sung-Shik) 한국테러학회 2013 한국테러학회보 Vol.6 No.3

오늘날 국제범죄는 첨단과학기술의 발달과 세계화로 국가간에 신속하게 이동할 수 있는 범죄 기동여건이 조성되고 범행공간도 크게 확대됨에 따라 새로운 범죄양상을 나타내고 있다. 최근 국제범죄 발생사례와 선험연구 등을 토대로 분석한 결과 사이버범죄, 보이스피싱, 산업스파이, 신용카드 사기 등의 신종범죄가 출현하고 외국인범죄가 조직화, 지능화, 흉포화하고 있으며 국가간 인적교류가 가속화되면서 국제매춘의 세계화 현상이 나타나고 있다. 그리고 제 3국에서 귀순을 준비 중인 북한이탈주민들이 국제범죄에 연계되는 사례가 증가하고 국제범죄조직간 연계도 강화되고 있는 것으로 조사되었다. 분명한 것은 국제범죄가 날로 심각해지고 있다는 것이다. 그 중 어느 것 하나 중요하지 않는 부분은 없지만 현재 국제금융범죄의 실태는 심각한 수준이며 앞으로 더욱 심각해질 것이라는 예측이 가능하다. 본 연구에서는 국제범죄의 정의에 대해 검토하고 우리 사회에서 일반인들에게 가장 많은 피해를 유발할 가능성이 있는 국제금융범죄의 종류 및 유형과 범죄수법에 대해 살피고자 한다. 결론적으로 체계적이고 효과적인 국제공조를 위하여 첫째, 국제공조를 위한 정부간 협력체제를 구축하는데 노력하여야 한다. 둘째는 국제사법질서를 위한 국제적 관심과 이를 위한 상호교류가 활발해져야 한다. 사실 국제범죄 또는 국제금융범죄를 다룸에 있어 현재 각국별로 그 나라의 실정법에 따라 범죄를 다루고 처벌하고 있다. 하지만 본 연구는 국제금융범죄에 대한 정확한 해결책을 제시하지 못하고 있는 실정이다. 이는 현재 국내에서 이와 관련된 자국만의 해결책 및 예방책은 많은 연구와 매뉴얼을 통해 이루어지고 있다. 하지만 “국제”라는 개념 속에서 각국이 제시하는 방향이 다룰 수 있기 때문에 획일적인 해결책을 제시하는 것에 한계가 있다. International crime recently took on a new aspect due to the globalization and the advance of scientific technology, providing criminals with the conditions to move promptly and the wide area of crime to commit variously more than before. According to the recent research on the cases in the international crime occurrence, there is an increase in the number of new crime such as cyber crime, voice phishing, industrial espionage, credit card fraud and so on. The crimes by foreigners also have been occurred very often within the systematic organization, the intellectual crime and the savagery. As a personal exchange among nations has been accelerated, prostitution as international crime spread out rampantly throughout the world during this time. It is remarkable that North Korean defectors escaping into a third country have been frequently involved in the international crimes. Furthermore, the alliance of different criminal organizations became a serious issue. It is clear that the international crime became severe day be day. None of these international crimes could be thought of as an unimportant problem, but Many financial crimes in the international area run to the extreme level to be concerned seriously. This study aims to examine the definition of the international crime, its categories and the different kinds of criminal means possible to harm people in our society nowadays. This paper could draw the conclusion in relation to the urgent assignments. On the One hand, we must put a lot of effort into the establishment of the cooperative system among nations in order to activate easily international investigation, on the other hand, it is necessary to pay attention to the interactions between nations for the purpose of applying the rules from the private international law flexibly. When the international crimes are committed, the problems can come up. It is very difficult to be solved without the cooperation among the nations as well as the application of the private international law, but it is true that each nation usually deals with the international crimes, applying its own domestic laws. Because the extraterritorial application of domestic laws could be bounded, it is urgent to find a way to apply a uniform standard to the international crimes.

우리나라 다국적기업의 HRM과 조직성과 간의 영향 분석

신성식(Sung-Shik Shin),최해범(Hae-Bum Choi) 한국관세학회 2015 관세학회지 Vol.16 No.1

The Human Resource Management in the multinationals corporations is analyzed How does the impact on organizational performance. Establish a hypothesis targeting employees of companies operating in Thailand to conduct a survey and empirical analysis. Select the two types of common and contextual perspectives of applying a variable of human resource management and conducted a correlation analysis between human resource management in each activity. In summary, the empirical results-oriented performance evaluation of job performance was shown to be a significant impact to the local employees and the organization. As can be seen in particular organizational performance management that increase employee engagement and increased job security guarantees. Decision-making process involved, the various recruitment methods, fair performance evaluation and compensation, and competency management involvement and employee job security guarantees than the operation of the enhanced program gives the greatest impact on organizational performance. And if the employee is employed by a local company in Thailand mainly a negative impact on organizational performance career, career hiring local organizations and there is likely to act as a negative variable. To be successful in Thailand specializing in localization needs more skilled operators are professionally managed a degree of unskilled workers than to employ local staff and to organize