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魚腥草 抽出物이 肺炎誘發 생쥐의 免疫反應 및 組織變化에 미치는 影響
宋昊俊,辛民敎 대한본초학회 1987 大韓本草學會誌 Vol.2 No.1
In order to investigate the preventive and therapeutic effects of Herba Houttuyniae extract (H. H. ext.) on pneumonitis bearing mice, pneumonitis bearing mice induced by Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumoniae) were established by the determination of median lethal dose(LD_50)of H.H.ext.. pathogenicity of K. pneumoniae in vivo, and minimum inhibition concentration(MIC) of H.H.ext, in vitro was performed on microorganism. Then, these experiments were performed to investigate the effects of H.H.ext. in mice, and they were delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH), antibody production to sheep erythroctes, rosette formation, natural killer(NK) cell activity of splenic lymphocyte population and histological findings with passage of time. Mice intranasally inoculated with 1×10^6 K.pneumoniae under light ether anesthesia were intravenously sensitized by 1×10^7 SRBC suspension. The results were as follows : 1. The LD_50 of H.H.ext. was orally 0.5g/㎏. 2. The MIC of H.H.ext. by water and ethanol was as flollows : In K. pneumoniae, MIC was 16㎎/㎖ in each case of stem and leaf, root extracted by water, and herb extracted by ethanol. But herb extracted by water was 32㎎/㎖. In Sta. aureus, MIC was 140㎎/㎖ in stem and leaf, herb extracted by water, but root was 160㎎/㎖. And herb extracted by ethanol was 128㎎/㎖. In Sta. pyogenes, MIC was 32㎎/㎖ regardless of water and ethanol. In E. coli, MIC was 128㎎/㎖ by water, but 64㎎/㎖ by ethanol. 3. Optimal dosage of pneumonitis induced by K.pneumoniae was 1×10^8 CFU/mouse in mouse model. 4. Comparing with normal control group, DTH reaction was significantly increased in Group 1 and 5 (P<0.05, P<0.01). 5. Hemagglutination and hemolysin titers of each experimental groups were variable, not significant against control group. 6. E rosette formation rate of spleen cells was significantly increased in Group 1, 2 and 5(P<0.05), but was decreased in Group 3 and 4. 7. NK cell activity of spleen cells was not significant between control and experimental groups. But Group 1 was gradually increased with the passage of time. Also NK cell activity of Group 2, 3 and 4 was transiently increased at the first week. 8. Typical peumonitic process was observed in Group 4 only, but mild pneumonitic process or curring process was observed in Group 1, 2 and 3. Group 5 only showed no evidence of inflammatory reaction. However, mild infiltration of lymphoidcells was noted in early stage. From these results, it is suggested that H.H.ext promotes immune response and reduces the recovery time of pneumonitis and lung abscess from the histological viewpoint.
다이내믹 기억소자의 대기전류를 줄이기 위한 자체오프시간 검출기
송호준 忠南大學校 産業技術硏究所 1996 산업기술연구논문집 Vol.11 No.2
본 논문에서는 다이내믹 기억소자 내의 여러 가지 전압발생기들에 기인한 대기전류를 줄여 주기 위한 자체오프시간 검출기를 제안하였다. 제안된 검출기는 자체적으로 최적 오프시간을 구하고 이를 이용하여 전위검출기 등, 전력소모가 가능한 모든 회로들의 온/오프 시간을 제어한다. 본 논문에서는 제안된 자체오프시간 검출기를 이용하여, 다이내믹 기억소자의 역 기판전압 발생기를 0.35㎛ CMOS 공정을 이용하여 구현하였다. 측정결과로부터 제안된 자체오프시간 검출기를 이용한 역 기판전압발생기의 대기전류는 0.1-1㎂ 의 누설전류 범위에서, 결과적으로는 누설전류를 보상하기 위하여 공급되는 펌핑전류성분을 제외하면 약 0.2㎂ 이내로 매우 우수한 특성을 보인다. 제안된 방식은 큰 수정 없이 다이내믹 기억소자 내의 자체 리프레쉬 회로뿐만 아니라 모든 전압 발생기회로에 바로 적용될 수 있다.
동기식 기억소자를 위한 레지스터를 이용한 웨이브 파이프라인 방식
송호준 忠南大學校 産業技術硏究所 1995 산업기술연구논문집 Vol.10 No.1
Along with the advance of high-performance systems, synchronous DRAM's(SDRAM's) which provide consecutive data output synchronized with an external clock signal, have been reported. However, in the conventional SDRAM's which utilize a multi-stage serial pipelined scheme, the column path is divided into a few stages depending on CAS latency N. Thus, as the operating speed or the CAS latency increases, new stages must be added, thereby causing a large area penalty due to additional latches and I/O lines. In this paper, we propose a register-based wave-pipelined scheme for SDRAM which employs (N-1) registers between the read data bus line pair and the data output buffer to sequentially store the coming data. In the proposed scheme, since the column data path is not divided and the read data is directly transmitted to the registers, the busrt read operation can easily be achieved at higher frequencies without a large area penalty and degradation of internal timing margin. Simulation results for 0.32㎛-Tech, 4-Band 64M SDRAM show good operation at 200MHz with an area increment of less than 0.1%. The proposed pipelined scheme is more advantages as the operating frequency increases.
Wnt와 Prostaglandin E2 경로에 의한 마우스 위암 발생
송호준 대한소화기학회 2007 대한소화기학회지 Vol.49 No.5
Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) 경로의 산물인 prostaglandin E2 (PGE2)와 Wnt 신호전달체계의 β-catenin은 세포증식, 항세포자멸사, 혈관신생, 면역반응의 변화 등을 통하여 위장관 종양 발생에서 중요한 역할을 한다. 대장암 세포주를 이용한 최근 연구에서는 PGE2와 β-catenin 두 경로가 서로 연결되어 있다는 것이 비교적 명확하게 제시되었지만, 두 경로가 위종양 발생에서 상호 어떻게 작용하는지에 대해서는 거의 보고가 없다. 이 연구에서는 Wnt1, COX-2, mPGES-1 유전자를 발현하는 유전자 조작(transgenic) 마우스 모델을 이용하여 위 상피세포의 증식과 분화, 종양 형성에 대해 알아보고자 하였다. 실험방법에서 pK19-Wnt1과 pK19-C2mE transgenic 벡터를 이용하여 발현 벡터를 마우스 수정란에 주입하였고 K19-Wnt1, K19-C2mE, K19-Wnt1/C2mE 마우스 모델을 수립하였다. RT-PCR로 위점막에서 Wnt1 mRNA 발현을 확인하였고, 면역화학검사로 위상피세포 내 β-catenin의 발현을, 조직학적으로 각 주령에서 선세포 증식, 전종양 병소(preneoplastic lesion), 형성이상(dysplasia), 대식세포 침윤, 혈관 형성을 평가하였다. ApcΔ716 마우스의 정상 조직과 용종에서의 β-catenin 발현양상을 비교군으로 하였고, trefoil factor 2 (TFF2)를 미분화 상피세포의 표지자로 사용하였다. 결과에서 야생주에 비해 K19-Wnt1 마우스 위점막에서 TFF2, BrdU, Ki-67 발현 위선세포가 증가하였고, BrdU는 주로 위선 협부의 전구세포에 표지되었으며, 마우스 주령이 7주와 18주가 될수록 미분화 세포의 불규칙한 증식에 해당하는 비후된 전종양 병소와 β-catenin 발현이 의미 있게 증가하였다. 또한 형성이상은 PGE2와 Wnt1이 동시에 발현하는 K19-Wnt1/C2mE 마우스에서 20주령 이후 모두 발생하였으며, K19-C2mE 마우스에서는 점막 과형성만이 관찰되었다. K19-Wnt1/C2mE 마우스에서 발생한 종양은 조직학적으로 장형위암종과 유사하였고 대식세포 침윤을 동반하였다. 혈관 형성은 K19-C2mE와 K19-Wnt1/C2mE 마우스에서는 증가하였으나 K19-Wnt1 마우스에서는 관찰되지 않았다. 결론으로 위점막에서 Wnt 신호체계의 활성화는 위선와에서 미분화 전구세포의 팽창과 마우스 주령에 따라 전종양병소의 발생을 증가시켰다. Wnt와 PGE2의 동시 활성화는 상호작용으로 위 형성이상과 위암을 유발하였으며 이는 대식세포 침윤과 PGE2를 매개로 한 혈관 형성을 동반하였다.
$\alpha$-sulfur 단결정의 광학적 특성에 관한 연구
송호준,김화택,이정순 한국전기전자재료학회 1998 전기전자재료학회논문지 Vol.11 No.6
$\alpha$--sulfur single crystal which has orthorohmbic structure was grown using Bridgman method. The indirect optical energy band gap of this crystal are 2.65 and 2.82 eV at 10 and 300K, respectively. The wavelengths of photoluminecence(PL) peaks are 543 and 596 nm at 10k, By thermally stimulated current (TSC) method, two electron traps($D_1,D_2$) located at 0/23 and 0.43eV below the conduction band and a hole trap(A) located at 0.31 eV above the valence band are observed. PL mechanism of $\alpha$-sulfur single crystal is analyzed using the values of optical energy band gap at 10k two electron traps and a hole trap.
송호준,김성진 대한비뇨의학회 2005 Investigative and Clinical Urology Vol.46 No.1
Purpose: The antibiotic sensitivities to the causative microorganisms of urinary tract infection(UTI) during 2003 were studied in order to propose a better choice of adequate drugs for the treatment of UTI. Materials and Methods: 1,527 uropathogens and their antimicrobial sensitivities, in 889 patients admitted to or visiting our hospital during 2003, which revealed isolated causative organisms in the urine cultures, were analyzed. Results: The incidence of UTI was highest in the 7th decade. The Most common pathogenic organism was E. coli(46.4%), followed by Enterococcus(18.8%), Pseudomonas(7.1%), Klebsiella(5.7%) and Staphylococcus (4.5%). The antimicrobial sensitivities for gram-negative organisms, imipenem, aminoglycoside, ciprofloxacin showed relatively higher sensitivities than for TMP/SMX and ampicillin. In gram-positive organisms, vancomycin and aminoglycoside showed higher sensitivities than any of the other antimicrobial agents. Most of the antimicrobial agents had better sensitive rates in the outpatients. Conclusions: E. coli was the most common single organism causing UTI, and showed more resistance to the first recommended drugs, TMP/SMX and ampicillin. Our results imply that recommended the drugs for UTI should be aminoglycoside and ciprofloxacin for inpatients and outpatients, respectively. Aminoglycoside can be used as an alternative to these drugs as a primary empirical antimicrobial agents for UTI.
Discotic-based small molecules for organic photovoltaic devices: synthesis and characterization
송호준,나영재,신교직,최경호,문두경,이상국 한국공업화학회 2015 한국공업화학회 연구논문 초록집 Vol.2015 No.1
Organic photovoltaic cells (OPVs) have drawn significant attention for these applications due to the global technology trends toward economic feasibility and continuous development coupled with efforts to preserve the environment. To improve the charge transport between the interfaces, a number of investigations to study the effects of introducing an interlayer have been reported recently. In particular, most research efforts have focused on the use of alcohol/water-soluble conjugated polymer electrolytes (CPEs) for the interlayer. In this study, we synthesized novel alcohol/water-soluble discotic type small molecules. The discotic derivatives exhibit unique material properties, such as high one-dimensional (1D) charge-carrier mobilities and anisotropic mechanical and optical properties.
송호준,석웅철,권세진,강주희,이상국 한국공업화학회 2016 한국공업화학회 연구논문 초록집 Vol.2016 No.1
Organic photovoltaic cells (OPVs) have drawn significant attention for these applications due to the global technology trends toward economic feasibility and continuous development coupled with efforts to preserve the environment. To improve the charge transport between the interfaces, a number of investigations to study the effects of introducing an interlayer have been reported recently. In particular, most research efforts have focused on the use of alcohol/water-soluble conjugated polymer electrolytes (CPEs) for the interlayer. In this study, we synthesized alcohol/water-soluble small molecules with n-type backbones. We introduced various nematic molecules into the backbone to achieve effective charge transfer between the interfaces and ordered orientation. Due to the effective charge transfer and ordered orientation, improved FF, JSC, VOC and PCE values are expected in these OPVs.