순환자원 활용 지반안정재의 건축물 얕은기초 보강 적용사례 연구

송상훤 국제문화기술진흥원 2022 The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technolo Vol.8 No.3

본 연구는 순환자원을 대량 활용한 지반안정재를 활용하여, 비교적 작은 하중이 작용하는 중·저층 건축물의 얕 은 기초 보강공법에 적용한 사례에 대한 내용으로 우선하여 현장 최적배합비를 도출하고자 4가지 혼합비에 대한 실 내배합시험을 실시하였으며, 도출된 최적배합비를 이용하여 현장에서 건축물 얕은기초로 적용하였다. 현장 적용방법 은 원지반와 지반안정재를 교반한 혼합토를 현장에서 혼합하여 다짐을 실시하는 매우 단순한 공정을 이용하였다. 현 장 적용 후 평판재하시험을 원지반 1곳, 개량지반 2곳에 실시하여 허용지지력을 확인하였다. 지지력 확인 결과 충분 한 지지력을 발휘하는 것으로 나타나, 해당 건축물의 앝은기초로 활용이 가능한 것으로 확인되었다. This study is about the case applied of a shallow foundation reinforcement method for a low/mid-rise building where a relatively small load is applied by using a soil stabilized material that utilizes recycled resources. First, laboratory mixing test was conducted for four mixing ratios in order to derive the optimal mixing ratio in the field. Using the derived optimal mixing ratio, it was applied as a shallow foundation for the building in the field. The field application method used a simple process of compaction by the soil mixedure with the original soil and the soil stabilized material in the field. After field application, a plate bearing test was performed on one original ground and two improved ground to confirm the allowable bearing capacity. As a result of checking the bearing capacity, it was found that sufficient bearing capacity was exhibited.Therefore, it was confirmed that it can be used as a shallow foundation for the building.

순환자원을 활용한 강관다단공법용 주입재의 초기강도 발현에 대한 기초연구

송상훤 국제문화기술진흥원 2023 The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technolo Vol.9 No.5

This study reviewed the use of soil injection materials using circulating resources as injection materials for the steel pipe multi-stage construction method. The tests performed were homogel time and homogel compressive strength. The steel pipe multi-stage construction method is an auxiliary construction method for tunnels, and the expression of initial strength after construction is an important factor. The better the strength development in the initial stage, the more it can be used as an injection material suitable for the multi-stage steel pipe construction method. As a result of laboratory test, it was found that the homogel time of the injection material using circulating resources required more time than the mixing ratio using cement as the injection material. In addition, it was found that the initial strength curing time satisfying 2MPa was required for more than 24 hours. Therefore, it was confirmed that the injection material using recycled resources required a longer initial curing time than cement of the same mixing ratio.

결합재 및 사용수 변화에 따른 노후저수지 보강용약액주입공법 적용에 관한 연구

송상훤,서세관 한국농촌건축학회 2019 농촌건축 : 한국농촌건축학회논문집 Vol.21 No.4

Chemical grouting method is mainly used for construction of dams and reservoirs, stabilization and reinforcement of slopes, reinforcement of soft grounds such as embankments, dredging and landfills, the order of earthquake response method, and the reinforcement of structures. Recently, it is widely applied in construction sites such as highways, airfields, high-speed railways, subsea facilities, port construction works, tunnels, and subway works. As such, the demand for grouting continues to increase. The development of the grouting method was focused on increasing the strength of the ground, and the development of the chemical additives, the injection device, and the stirring device were mainly performed. But ordinary portland cement used for grouting is a product that consumes natural resources such as limestone, generates a large amount of greenhouse gases, consumes a large amount of energy sources, and it is time to develop products and new methods to replace them. In this study, Ordinary Portland Cement and New Grouting Binder (circulating fluidized bed boiler fly and blast furnace slag) were compared and analyzed by the following test. Homo-gel strength and homo-gel time, water quality analysis of the water used and soil contamination process tests of homo-gel samples were performed. In the case of NGB, when Using water is used as the reservoir water, the strength measured smaller than that of the other water. However, it shows about 2.5 times greater than the homo-gel compressive strength applied to OPC (7-day, reservoir water), so there is no problem with water quality when applied.

실내모형시험을 통한 지반혼합 및 주입공법의 노후저수지 차수 보강성능 비교 연구

송상훤 한국농촌건축학회 2022 농촌건축 : 한국농촌건축학회논문집 Vol.24 No.2

Of the 17,106 domestic reservoirs(as of December 2020), 14,611 are older than 50 years, and these old reservoirs will gradually increase over time. The injection grouting method is most applied to the reinforcement method of the aging reservoir. However, the injection grouting method is not accurate in uniformity and reinforced area. An laboratory model test was conducted to evaluate the applicability of the deep mixing method, which compensated for these shortcomings, as a reservoir reinforcement method. As a result of calculating the hydraulic conductiveity for each method through the model test results, the injection grouting method was calculated as a hydraulic conductiveity value that was about 7.5 times larger than that of the deep mixing method. As a result of measuring the water level change in the laboratory model test, it was found that the water level change decreased in the injection method and deep mixing method compared to the non-reinforcement method. In addition, deep mixing method showed a water level change of about 15% based on 40 hours compared to the injection method, indicating that the water-reducing effect was superior to that of the injection method.

순환자원 활용 말뚝채움재의 실내모형시험을 통한 주면마찰력 비교 연구

송상훤,정영순,서세관,Song, Sang-Hwon,Jeong, Young-Soon,Seo, Se-Gwan 한국농촌건축학회 2021 농촌건축 : 한국농촌건축학회논문집 Vol.23 No.3

Rural multi-purpose buildings needs to ensure their safety against various disasters. Therefore, a pile foundation, which is a foundation type that can transmit the load of the structure to the bedrock layer, has been designed. The pile foundation method is largely divided into driving piles method and pre-bored pile method. Recently, in order to respond to the Noise and Vibration Control Act and related environmental complaints, construction of pile foundation adopts pre-bored pile method. The bearing capacity of the pre-bored pile method is calculated through a load test in situ. However, a disadvantage stems in that it is difficult to measure the ultimate bearing capacity due to field conditions. Therefore, in this study, the skin frictional force of pre-bored pile was measured through a model test in laboratory for each pile filling material. In result, the pile filling material with using circulating resources shows superior skin frictional force than ordinary portland cement. This study also judged that the result can be applied in place of ordinary Portland cement in the field.

시멘트 대체재료를 사용한 노후 저수지의 사면 개량에 따른 차수 및 보강 효과 분석

송상훤,조대성 한국건설순환자원학회 2022 한국건설순환자원학회 논문집 Vol.10 No.1

본 연구에서는 비탈면 보강을 위해 순환자원을 재활용하여 개발된 시멘트 대체재료를 사용하여 노후 저수지의 사면 개량재료로 활용하기 위해 실내시험 및 수치해석, 현장에서의 시험시공을 실시하고, 결과를 분석하였다. 실내시험 결과, 점착력과내부마찰각의 변화를 고려할 때 시멘트 대체재료의 혼합비는 9 %가 적절하며, 투수계수는 약 10,000배 감소하여 국내에서적용되고 있는 차수재료에 근접한 수준을 나타내는 것으로 분석되었다. 또한 수치해석과 시험시공 결과, 시멘트 대체재료를사용하여 보강한 부분에서는 침투가 발생하지 않고, 국내 기준 대비 높은 안전율을 확보할 수 있어 충분한 차수 및 보강효과를보이는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 노후 저수지를 보강하기 위해 사용되고 있는 기존의 시멘트를 사용한 보수 및 보강방법을충분히 대체할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

고칼슘 연소재를 이용한 매입말뚝의 주면고정액에 관한 실험적 연구

송상훤,임양현,서세관,조대성 한국지반신소재학회 2017 한국지반신소재학회 논문집 Vol.16 No.4

In this study, laboratory tests were performed to evaluate for new filling materials (ZA-Soil) for bored pile that were developed using by high calcium ash. As a result of laboratory test, the uniaxial compression strength of 2 types of ZA-Soil are shown 68.0% and 64.6% compared to ordinary portland cement. And it have a suitable flowability and environmental stability. Also, after 28days, uniaxial compression strength of material mixed with soil and high strength filling material (ZA-Soil 1) for bored pile is 1.10-1.23 times bigger than material mixed with ordinary portland cement. 본 연구에서는 순환 유동층 보일러의 고칼슘 연소재를 활용하여 개발한 새로운 매입말뚝의 주면고정액(ZA-Soil)에 대한 성능을 평가하기 위해 실내시험을 실시하였고, 보통 포틀랜드시멘트와의 비교평가를 실시하였다. 실내시험 결과, 매입말뚝의 고강도 주면고정액(ZA-Soil 1)과 저강도 주면고정액(ZA-Soil 2)의 압축강도는 보통 포틀랜드시멘트 대비 68.0%와 64.6%인 것으로나타났고, 적절한 유동성과 환경적 안정성을 확보하고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 매입말뚝의 고강도 주면고정액(ZA-Soil 1)을 흙 재료와 혼합한 경우 재령 28일에서의 압축강도가 보통 포틀랜드시멘트를 사용한 경우의 압축강도에 비해 1.10~1.23배큰 것으로 나타나 강도증진효과가 우수한 것으로 나타났다.

노후 저수지 보강을 위한 환경 친화적 그라우팅 주입재 적용에 관한 기초연구

송상훤,전기표,임양현,서세관 한국농촌건축학회 2019 농촌건축 : 한국농촌건축학회논문집 Vol.21 No.2

There are 17,427 reservoirs in Korea, of which about 96% were built before the mid 1980s. Therefore, aging is severe and reinforcement are necessary. In addition, aged reservoirs, which are more than 50 years old, account for 70% of the total. Therefore, there is a problem such as the collapse of the reservoir and the decrease of the storage capacity due to progress of aging with time. The grouting method using cement is mainly used as maintenance and reinforcement method of old reservoir. However, the grouting method using cement has engineering and environmental problems. In order to solve the engineering and environmental problems of cement grouting method, an eco-friendly grouting material was developed that mixes circular resource grouting binder, high molar ratio sodium silicate and colloidal silica. The engineering and environmental properties of the developed injection materials were evaluated by conducting gel time, homo-gel strength, sea water resistance test and environmental stability evaluation. Also, examined the possibility of replacing OPC existing aged reservoir reinforcement methods. As a result, it was found out that it was better than the conventional cement method in terms of engineering and environment. However, since this study is the result of laboratory test, it is necessary of verify the application at field of aged reservoir.

석분-시멘트의 혼합치환 공법에 의한 허용지내력 평가 ( Evaluation of Allowable Bearing Capacity by Mixing and Transposition Construction Method of Crushed Stone Powder-Cement )

김철호,송상훤,문경주,한도수,소양섭 대한건축학회 2002 대한건축학회 학술발표대회 논문집 - 계획계/구조계 Vol.22 No.2

마찰감쇠가 포함된 구조물의 자유진동 변위 및 가속도응답 특성

이성경,박용신,송상훤,이웅구 대한건축학회지회연합회 2019 대한건축학회연합논문집 Vol.21 No.3

Free vibration of structures includes information on their inherent dynamic characteristics such as natural frequency and damping ratio. Especially, in the case of a structure including the friction damping, in which a strong nonlinearity depending on structural displacement and velocity is inherent, the amount of energy dissipation and equivalent viscous damping can be estimated by analyzing the free vibration from initial displacement to motion stopping. Free vibration displacement and acceleration responses to both single-degree-of-freedom(SDOF) and multi-degree-of-freedom(MDOF) structures containing friction damping are investigated in this paper. Due to the friction damping under an assumed initial condition, the number of cycles that pass before the motion stops and both the permanent displacement and acceleration after the motion ceases are theoretically derived from the equation of motion for SDOF structure, and verified through the numerical analysis. Also, free vibration response to MDOF structure simultaneously considering both viscous and friction damping is analysed by using its modal decomposition. As the friction force is acting on inter-story of a structure and its sign convention depends on inter-story velocity, the equation of motion for MDOF structure is composed of the story drift coordinates. Structural mass, viscous damping and stiffness matrices that has the form of non-diagonal matrix are converted to diagonal matrix, and structural modal responses are obtained by applying their modal orthogonality. Finally, it is confirmed that free vibration responses to MDOF structure with the story drift coordinates are exactly agreed with those transformed to physical coordinates by the superposition of single modal responses which has been decomposed by the modal orthogonality. 구조물의 자유진동응답에는 고유진동수와 감쇠비와 같은 구조물 고유의 동특성에 관한 정보가 포함되어 있다. 특히, 변위와 속도에 따라 비선형성이 강한 마찰감쇠가 포함된 구조물과 같은 경우에는 초기진동으로부터 운동이 멈추는 순간까지의 자유진동응답을 분석함으로써 에너지 소산량과 등가점성감쇠를 추정할 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 마찰감쇠가 포함된 단자유도 및 다자유도 구조물의 자유진동 변위응답과 가속도응답을 분석하였다. 단자유도 구조물에 대해서는 주어진 초기조건에 대해서 마찰감쇠의 영향으로 인해 운동이 정지하는 사이클의 수, 영구변위와 가속도를 이론적으로 유도하고 이를 수치해석적으로 검증하였다. 또한, 점성과 마찰감쇠를 동시에 고려한 다자유도 구조물의 모드좌표계 변환을 이용한 자유진동응답을 분석하였다. 마찰력은 구조물의 층간에 작용하고 층간속도에 따라서 부호가 변화하기 때문에, 층간변위 좌표계를 이용하여 전체 다자유도 구조물의 운동방정식을 구성하였다. 비대각행렬로 표현된 구조물의 질량, 점성감쇠 및 강성행렬은 대각행렬로 변환하고 모드직교성을 적용하여 모드응답을 구하였다. 최종적으로, 모드직교성에 의해 분리된 단일모드의 응답을 중첩시켜 물리적인 좌표계로 변환한 응답이 원래의 층간변위계 구조물의 응답과 정확히 일치하는 것을 확인하였다.