만 3세 사랑반 유아들의 공감발달을 위한 실행연구

송문영 이화여자대학교 이화어린이연구원 2019 영유아교육: 이론과 실천 Vol.4 No.1

본 연구는 만 3세 유아들의 공감발달을 위한 지원방안을 모색하여 실행하고, 지원방안이 유아들에게 미치는 영향을 알아보는 것을 목적으로 하였다. 연구기간은 2018년 7월 13일부터 11월 30일까지이며, 유아 공감발달의 문제점 인식, 문제 해결 방안 모색, 1차 실행 및 평가, 2차 방안 모색, 2차 실행 및 평가, 1·2차 실행 방안 평가 순으로 실행연구를 하였다. 연구는 서울시에 소재한 A유치원 만 3세 학급인 사랑반에서 이루어졌으며, 유아 16명과 담임교사(연구자)가 참여하였다. 교육활동은 담임교사인 연구자가 실시하였으며 이를 녹화, 녹음 및 전사하여 현장노트로 작성하고 교육계획안, 관찰기록, 연구자 저널 등의 자료를 수집하여 분석하였다. 우선 만 3세 유아들의 공감발달을 위한 1차 지원방안으로 나와 타인의 감정을 인식하기, 나의 감정을 표현하기, 나와 타인의 감정을 수용하기 활동을 전개함과 동시에 교사의 상호작용 개선하기도 실행하였다. 1차 실행 평가결과를 반영하여 2차 지원방안으로 타인과의 소통 지속하기, 공감발달에 어려움이 있는 개별유아를 지원하기, 가정과의 연계를 통해 부모-유아-교사 간 공감 형성하기를 실행하였다. 공감발달을 지원한 결과 유아들은 공감적 소통이 시작되었고, 친사회적 행동의 증가, 구성원 사이의 관계가 증진되었다. 본 연구를 통해 현장의 교사들이 만 3세 공감발달의 필요성 및 가능성을 인식하고, 이를 현장에서 적용하는데 실질적이고 기초적인 자료로 활용할 수 있기를 기대한다. The purpose of this study is to search for ways to support develop empathy for three-year-old children and how the support plans affect the children. The research was conducted in a class of three-year-old children in a public kindergarten in Seoul with 16 children and the teacher of Sarang Class. The research period was from July 13 to November 30, 2018. During the period, the research was carried out in the following order: identifying the problems on children’ s empathy; searching for solutions; the first implementation and evaluation; the second implementation and evaluation; and the evaluation of the first and second implementations. The daily teaching plan, reflective journal, observation, and audio recording, recording episodes, short note-taking on the site, and activity pictures were collected and analyzed. The results of this research are as follow: First, the children’s clarification of the emotions, communication skills, social behaviors, and problem-solving skills were improved along with the skills related to the development of empathy. Second, signs of empathetic communications, social behaviors were increased, and the relationships among peers improved. The results of this study imply that three-year-old children can develop their empathy with educational support. This research has a significant meaning in that it proposed the necessity of the children’s empathy development through practical research and its possible support system.

地方自治制의 內部組織과 政策決定過程

宋文永 水原大學校 社會科學硏究所 1990 社會科學論集 Vol.2 No.-

The main issues involved in the organisation of local authorities are essentially the same as those in any large organisation : they concern division and integration inside the authority. How should the many functions of the local authority be divided into manageable tasks? How should these various tasks be brought together in order to ensure that there is unity of purpose in the overall work of the authority? The former question is about differenciation and the latter about integration. The main features of a local authority organisation are committees and departments, which reflect the division of labour between elected members and officers, respectively. Committees may be divided into subcommittees and still further into panels. The division of labour inside a local authority can be either vertical or horizontal. The former applies where a specific service sector forms the basis of the division : police, education, health, housing, etc., and the latter where the division is based on an activity that embraces the whole of the local authority : staffing, finance, land use. The two major problems of internal organisation should be taken into consideration. One is the fragmentation of the local authority's work. This is true for both officers and members, the former through excessive departmentalism and the latter because of the excessive number of committees in most authorities. The results are that too much time was spent on trivial matters and too little effort is made in planning the overall needs of the local area. Another is the failure to delegate non-controversial matters to paid officers. We have proposed a solution to the problems of local authority management. This model favours a much more clear-cut relationship between councillors and officers in local government, where the councilors would be responsible for deciding broad policy matters, but would leave the dotails and the implementation of schemes to officers. This model is also intended to promote better integration of work on both member and officer sides of the authority. This could be achieved by the creation of a menagement board and the appointment of a chief officer who would act as the general manager of the authority. Unlike this model, our second model stresses the duality of local government. It was a partnership between member and officer and neither should regard any aspect of local authority work as their exclusive work. The central concern of the model is the need to improve integration and coordination across the range of the authority's activities. The integration could be achieved through the establishment of a central co-ordinating team on both member and officer sides: the policy and resources committee on the member's side, the management teams, a chief execntive on the officer side. The former's role is to assist the formulation and carrying out of the overall plan for the community and to aid the authority in setting objectives and priorities, co-ordinating and controlling its implementation and monitoring and reviewing performance. The latter's role is to provide leadership and co-ordination on the officer side of the council. Finally, according to our councillor/officer relationships model, the decisionmaking/scheme implementation process is divided into three sections, although in reality these stages will fuse into a continuous process. At stage Ⅰ, key decisions are taken about objectives, priorties and, therefore, where resources are allocated. At this stage, the main responsibillty belongs to the councillor, although even at this juncture the officer is not entirely excluded. At stage Ⅱ, options and design of programmes might be presented alongside the cost-benefit of the various alternatives. This means the greater involvement of officers in the decisionmaking process. At stage Ⅲ, as the decision reaches its implementation, the involvement of officials becomes greater, but even ar this late stage, councillors might still make a contribution. As we can see, therefore, at every stage both officers and councillors are involved. Our relationships model is based upon the time variable, the nature of the issue and the other variables. The raison d'e^tre of the democratic local government should found on the government of the people, by the people and for the people. In order to be compatible with this rule, The policymaking/implementation function process should be managed.

綜合福祉型 老齡住居 模型의 探索 : 民間企業型 老齡福祉 施設의 制度化를 中心으로

宋文永 수원대학교 1990 地域社會開發 Vol.2 No.-

Human being is a social animal, and so the aged person is also a social animal. why do we live? How do we lead a life? These questions must depend on one's way of life. Each person has his own way of life. Each aged person does his own too. He has lived his own particular life, which has to be influenced by the exogenous forces. An aged person cannot remain in the same life conditions that another. This is why each aged person has his own particular needs, and why their specific satisfaction leads inevitably to a specific life style. According to the theoretical hypothesis: "one lives one's own life style", The strategical way to optimum welfare policymaking for the aged should be able to be established, and the various social problems relating to the aged people in need of social welfare services should also be rationalistically solved. To this end, we have proposed a complex welfare services for the aged generation. This complex facilities is basd upon the premise in which every aged person desires his needs to be met as specifically as possible, and in which the principle of human society evolution may be derived from economic liberalism, or capitalism. The basic tenets of the economic individualism, or capitalism are as follows: The major actor in society is the individual who, using the reason, is best suited to satisfy his needs and interests. The maximization of individual well-being is the driving force of the economy. Consumer demand determines the supply of goods and the inventive entrepreneur provides them. The free market is the most reliable and flexible mechanism for regulating supply and demand through the price mechanism. Change can be brought about through the dynamics of individual effort, competition, and entrepreneurship. The individual is not only an economic man to be left free to act according to his interests; he is also a moral man with a conscience, volition, and reason. To curb the economic efforts of individuals would be to seriously undermine their other freedoms and to deprive them of their right to pursue their own lives according to their individual best judgment. The state must remain out of the market. As the individual is the primary actor who is best suited to meet his needs and interests, the private welfare business should be responsible for the management of the aged welfare services.As the free market system is the most reliable and flexible mechanism for regulating supply and demand through the price mechanism, the free welfare services system has to regulate welfare supply and demand. As development can be brought about through the dynamics of individual effort, competition, and entrepreneurship, the aged welfare service can be improved through the dynamic mechanism of the survival of the most able. In conclusion, we propose that the welfare services management system for the aged generation be specialized into the different prefessional fields: The public welfare service system responsible for the general lower class of the aged, while the private welfare service system for the middle and upper class of the aged generation.

社會體制의 進化와 人本的 國家社會發展模型

宋文永 水原大學校 社會科學硏究所 1989 社會科學論集 Vol.1 No.-

For a goods many years now most people have recognized that humanistic ideology is ubiquitous in human circumstances. Political and economic activity is all around us. Political and economic ideology influences the lives of all of us, regardless of whether or not one participates in the political process. Humanistic society system is a necessary rusult of man's proximity to man and of the scarceness of resources available to meet the needs and desires of human beings. Wherever men perceive the need to organize for the purpose of pursuing material or psychic reward, the humanistic society system plays an essential role. Because this system is everywhere influential in the affairs of men, we can justly regard it as master science. In this view, therefore, the humanistic dimension of man's existence was probably the most important dimension, in that the humanistic system of a society decisively conditions the other circumstances in which we live. Ideology serves as a guide to policymaking and politico-economic behavior. And ideology explains the meaning of our existence and the purposes of our action. The embodiment of the ideologies is the society system. There are a set of society systems; authoritarian socialism, democratic socialism, authoritarian capitalism and democratic capitalism. From a point of view, however, the identification of democracy with capitalism may be more wrong than right : "capitalism" describes a system of economic organization. "Democracy" refers to a type of political organization. Nevertheless, there has never been a truly capitalist system of economic organization, nor a truly democratic system of political organization. The human history of the real world has been written by an endless variety of mixed economics and of mixed democracies. Most governments throughout history, regardless of their economic systems or supporting ideologies, have been marked by the concentration of power in the hands of elites. En tous cas, the humanistic society-development system hypothesis means the individual's welfare aw well as the welfare of the whole society. It may confidently be laid down as a hypothesis that the faster the rate of intended socio-economic development, the more authoritarian the state. To improve our real society, it is justly necessary for us to depend on the model of Humanistic State-society Development in which the construction of an ideal society is the result of the dialectic transformation between material elements and psychic elements.

丹田과 下腹部 經穴과의 상관성 硏究

송문영,박상욱,김인창,김재희,김정도,정지호,조명수,황재호,김경식,손인철 한국전통의학연구소 2004 한국전통의학지 Vol.14 No.1

This study investigate the correlation of Dan-Jeon and Meridian point in the lower abdomen. We considered that Dan-Jeon is not one meridian point of Lower Abdomen surface but a elastic and cubic round space of lower abdomen. And we considered that Dan-Jeon and meridian point in the lower abdomen has close relationship and similar function with characteristic of each meridian point, disease and diagnosis.

지역약국 약사에 의한 약물관련문제 중재 현황

송문영,원희재,김시형,이종우,오푸름,이형우,김혜린 한국보건사회약료경영학회 2020 한국보건사회약료경영학회지 Vol.8 No.2

BACKGROUNDS Community pharmacists contribute to safe and effective drug treatment for patients by per-forming various prescription interventions through simultaneous drug utilization review (DUR) and checking patient medi-cation history. Our study aimed to analyze the interventions on drug-related problems (DRPs) by pharmacist from a community pharmacy. METHODS We obtained data for DRPs and the interventions by pharmacist which was recorded between 2019.7.22 and 2019.8.30 in working hours on weekdays at a community pharmacy located in Nowon-gu. Data was collected using a well-developed form ("Pharmacist Intervention on DRPs"). Data contained patient related factors, charac-teristics of prescription issuing institutions, DRPs, pharmacist interventions, intervention acceptance, and time required for intervention recording. RESULTS Pharmacist' intervention occurred 47 cases (1.04%) among the total 3,831 prescriptions during the study period. Men and women were 50% each, and the average age was 58.3 (±20.6, SD) years. The most com-mon types of DRPs were 'duplication (same drug)' of 53.2% (25 cases), and as for the pharmacist intervention, 'discon-tinue medication' was done most frequently as 48.9% (23 cases). In the drug efficacy groups, the musculoskeletal drugs were the most common with 33.3% (16 cases), followed by the alimentary tract and metabolism drugs with 16.7% (8 cases). The average time spent on intervention recording was 4.1 minutes (±4.0). CONCLUSION The current status of DRP and pharmacist interventions was identified through data from one community pharmacy collected through a system-atic record format. Intervention by community pharmacists plays an important role in the safe and effective utilization of treatment.

재태 연령, 출생 체중, 분만 방법 및 가사 상태에 따른 Atrial Natriuretic Peptide농도

송문영,오창규 가톨릭대학 (가톨릭신학대학) 대학원 1996 가톨릭大學醫學部 論文集 Vol.49 No.3

Landsat TM Based Land-cover Analysis of Cholwon(South Korea) and Wonsan(North Korea)

송문영,박종오,신광수,유영철 한국지구과학회 2002 韓國地球科學會誌 Vol.23 No.1

The land-cover of two regions of South and North Korea included in one Landsat TM scene was investigated by comparing different seasons and different band data over the multiple land-cover types. The relationships between the intensities of two bands in the 2-D plot are mainly linear in band2 versus band1 and band3 versus band1, polygonal sporadic in band5 versus band1 and band7 versus band1, and almost tri-polarized in band4 versus band3. The 2-D plot of band4/band3 shows the best capability to discriminate different main land-cover such as water, vegetation and dry soil. Some discriminations are not clear between city and dry field, or mountain and plain field in the scene of September. The digital number data of band4 from vegetated zones show stronger reflectance in September rather than April, while other band values tend to be lager in April than in September over each land-cover. NDVI presents high value in both regions in September. However the image of Wonsan area in April suggests weak vigor of vegetation in comparison with Cholwon area. Band ratios are very effective in eliminating the influence of the complex topography. The proper pairing of the band ratio improved the discrimination capability of the land-cover; band5/band2 for dry soil, band4/band3 for vegetation and band1/band7 for the water. The RGB combination of the three band ratio pairs showed the best results in the discrimination of the land-cover of Wonsan, Cholwon and even the Demilitarized Zone.

PARADIGM SHIFTS IN SOUTH-KOREAN PUBLIC POLICY

宋文永 수원대학교 2006 論文集 Vol.24 No.-

인간의 사고와 행위는 일정한 기간에 걸쳐서 일정한 경향을 보이며 특정유형을 형성한다. 사람으로 구성된 조직도 일정한 기간에 걸쳐서 특정유형을 형성하면서 조직적 사고와 조직해위가 이루 워 진다. 일정 기간을 단위로 하여 국가 정부의 정책형성의 변형 유형을 살펴보는 것은 연구의 실효성을 높여 줄 수 있다. 한국의 공공정책 유형을 파악하기 위하여 두시기로 나누어 분석 한다. 첫 번째는 대한민국 정부 수립 이후부터 1960년대 초엽의 5-16 군사 혁명 시기를 걸쳐서 1970년대의 급속한 경제개발과 1980년대 지속적 경제개발 시대에 걸치는 시기이고, 두 번째는 군사 배경의 정부시대가 지나고 민간 정부시대로 진입하면서 오히려 정치적 민주화가 국가의 지속적 경제발전을 둔화 시키는 역설적 현상이 버러지고 있는 시기이다. 이러한 국가 발전유형의 변화에 적응 하여 분야별 공공 정책 유형도 크게 영향을 받을 수밖에 없기에 이르게 되었다. ‘민주화유보-국가 경제 발전우선 형’ 정책 유형에서 ‘경제 성장 유보-정치발전-분배우선 형’ 정책 유형으로 번질 되기에 이른다. 국내외 상황 변화에 상응한 국가 발전 정책 유형의 적절한 변용이 요청 되는 바 그중 중요한 변수를 중심으로 한 개략화한 도표를 중심으로 국가정책 방향의 과거와 현재를 분석 평가하고 바람직한 미래의 국가발전비젼을 제시해 볼 수 있다. 국가 공공 정책유형의 변용 ◁표 삽입▷(원문을 참조하세요) 바야흐로 무한 경쟁 시대로 치닫고 있는 국내외 정책 환경 하에서 굳건히 생존하기 위해서는 여기에 예외 대응한 국가정책 차원에서 시기 적적한 정책 유형의 변용이 어느 때 보다도 긴밀히 요청된다. 새 정책 유형 하에서 국가역할은 세계화와 이에 수반하는 개방 환경에 부응하기 위해서 경쟁원리에 입각하는 자본주의적 시장경쟁논리에 순응한 국가정책 유형의 방향을 잡아 나가야 한다. 1960년대나 1970년대 형 국가 주도식 직접 통제정책 유형에서 어느 정도 까지는 자유 시장 논리에 따르는 유연정책으로 국가 발전방향을 조절해나갈 것이 요청되는 상황에 우리는 처해 있다. 요컨대 현재의 한국의 정치 현실처럼 실효성 없는 극한대립의 극우 또는 극좌적 이념 논쟁으로서는 국가 생존 역량만 잠식할 뿐이라는 사실을 우리는 명심할 필요가 있다. For our convenient understanding of the developments of public policy paradigm shifts in South Korea, the areas of public policy can be divided into two periods, the first from 1962, the establishment of the first military-originated government in Republic of Korea, until 1992, the second from 1992 onwards until the present days. The first period was characterized by the prevalency of discrete policy paradigm of rapid national economic development initiated by the so-called military-originated governments, especially President Park Jung-Hee government who exercised great leadership for rapid national economic development at that time. On the contrary, the second period was characterized by that of stagnant national development caused by civilian governments' policy paradigm failures, such as two Kim's governments' development policy failures and the incumbent President Roh Moo-Hyun government's tenacious leftist anti-market policy paradigm. On the other hand, from national dimensional 'way of thinking', the late President Park Jung-Hee's state-development vision belongs to a different level from those of the other successive South Korean Presidents. The fomier's mental-attitude world is based upon the so-called 'New-village campaign paean song' philosophy, encouraging strongly the positive, proactive, and dynamic way of thinking to all the South Korean people. On the contrary, the latter's one upon the so-called 'gloomy sunday' style of negative, static, and retrogressive vision. We can make sure how much conspicuously a country leader's philosophical world could turn the national destiny towards either happiness or unhappiness. We can also confirm that there have been a number of significant changes to policy making in South Korea since 1990s, reflected and reinforced by the increased number and range of policy making actors and institutions, and their changing roles. This, in turn, has yielded corresponding changes in the relationships between them. The core changes of policy making paradigm in South Korea which have occurred since the 1960s through to the 1990s onwards are evinced as follows. Main paradigm shifts in the South-Korean policy making process, 1992-2006 ◁표 삽입▷(원문을 참조하세요) In the context of the above policy paradigm shifts in South Korea, the role of the state government has itself undergone a somewhat paradoxical change. The rhetoric of the 1980s related to policy paradigm in the western developed countries proudly Proclaimed that the state was being 'rolled back' and so government intervention greatly reduced. With South Korea also influenced by this global tendencies, it might be expected that South-Korean government would now be weaker, and play a lesser role in the policy making process In the case of South Korea, instead of having been 'rolled back', the state, especially under the leftist political regimes, namely Kim Dae-jung and Rob Moon-Hy-tin governments, has been restructured, and that in many policy areas, government intervention has not so much diminished as manifested itself in different guises. We can easily ascertain that the Quick extrication from the so-called DAP financial crisis led to the positive role of the state as well as the intervention of the South-Korean leftist governments at that time. Moreover, it goes without saying that the 'rolling back' of the state and reinforcement of government interference under the President Roh Moo-Hyun administration was attributable to his governing philosophy of wealth-distribution-oriented policymaking strategy. Yet South-Korean government has remained heavily dependent on the cooperation of various other policy actors to ensure the successful implementation of many policies. Hence the shift from government as traditionally defined to governance, where 'the government' is but one of many actors in the policy process, albeit the key one overall. The transition from government to governance does riot mean that the state is less active and more laissez-faire, but that its activities and mode of intervention are of a qualitatively different character than previously. In the open and changeable global circumstances, the desirable directions of state government will he turned towards the free capitalist market system so that national core policy can be controlled by the competitive marketist rules. The state government will carry out supporting roles such as taking care of outside influencing factors which the market cannot deal with. The policy intervention of state government is, according to circumstances, inevitable for the sustainable national development. In case of need, government policy intervention will be limited to the minimum level by strict requirements so that market system functions will not be distorted, in order to strengthen the sustainable national development.

韓國行政의 哲學的 位相 「原型行政」의 探索

宋文永 水原大學校 1988 論文集 Vol.6 No.-