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실 규모 정수처리 공정에서 용존 유기물질 분획들의 제거 특성
손희종,배은영,정은영,안병렬 대한환경공학회 2023 대한환경공학회지 Vol.45 No.7
Objectives : The objective of this study is to investigate characteristics about removal of dissolved organic matter (DOM) and its fraction for improving operation efficiency in an advanced water treatment plant. Methods : The monitoring of water quality was conducted at five processes such as raw water, pre-oxidation, after sedimentation, post-ozonation, after biological activated carbon (BAC) from July 2020 to August 2021 in advanced water treatment process (AWTP) supplying 180,000 m3/day. The concentration of DOC (dissolved organic carbon) and number of algae were monitored and LC-OCD was used to fractionate DOC to four species, biopolymer (BP), humic substance (HS), building blocks (BB), and low molecular weights (LMWs). Results and Discussion : The characteristics of raw water showed that the concentration of DOC and the number of algae increased with an increase in water temperature. The portion of BP and HS significantly increased at low and high water temperature, respectively, while BB and LMWs maintained the similar portion. The removal efficiency of DOC in the AWTP was achieved at 59% with each species of BP, HS, BB, and LMWs obtaining removal efficiency of 87%, 65%, 26%, and 52%, respectively. Coagulation/sedimentation/filtration showed removal efficiency of 84%, 56%, 20%, and 18% for BP, HS, BB, and LMWs, respectively, corresponding to their molecular weight. The effect of post-ozonation would be negligible except for BP. In BAC, removal efficiency of 49% and 12% were obtained for LMWs and BB (low molecular weight, respectively. As a result, the BP portion significantly decreased due to high removal efficiency, while BB portion was increased in the final treated water compared to raw water. Conclusion : Most of DOM was removed in coagulation/sedimentation/filtration and BAC, whereas oxidation process such as pre-chlorination, pre-ozonation and post-oxidation did not have an effect on DOM removal. In coagulation/sedimentation/filtration, 84% and 54% of the BP and HS were removed, while BAC removed 49% and 12% of LMWs and BB, respectively. It has been recommended to improve the removal efficiency of BB, which obtained the lowest removal efficiency in AWTP, and to enhance the removal efficiency of LMWs in BAC to inhibit microbial regrowth in the distribution system.
BAC 공정에서 에스트로겐류 생물분해능 및 생물분해 동력학 평가
손희종,염훈식,권효주,류동춘,이경심 대한환경공학회 2018 대한환경공학회지 Vol.40 No.2
In this study, The effects of empty bed contact time (EBCT) and water temperature on the biodegradation of 4 estrogens in biological activated carbon (BAC) process were investigated. Experiments were conducted at three water temperatures (5℃, 15℃ and 25℃) and three EBCTs (5, 10 and 15 min). Increasing EBCT and water temperature increased the biodegradation efficiency of estrogens in BAC column. E2 was the highest biodegradation efficiency, but E3 was the lowest. The kinetic analysis suggested a pseudo first-order reaction model for biodegradation of 4 estrogens at various water temperatures and EBCTs in the BAC columns. The first-order biodegradation rate constants (kbio) of 4 estrogens ranging from 0.1729~0.2511 min-1 at 5℃ to 0.3833~0.6094 min-1 at 25℃ in the BAC columns. By increasing the water temperature from 5℃ to 25℃, the biodegradation rate constants (kbio) were increased 2.2~2.4 times in the BAC columns. 본 연구에서는 BAC 공정에서 EBCT 및 수온변화에 따른 에스트로겐류 4종에 대한 생물분해 제거특성을 조사하였다. 생물활성탄 공정에서 에스트로겐류 4종의 생물분해율은 EBCT와 수온에 따라 큰 영향을 받았으며 EBCT와 수온이 증가할수록 생물분해율이 증가하였다. 에스트로겐류의 4종의 생물분해능은 E2가 가장 높았으며, 다음으로 E1, EE2 및 E3로 평가되었다. 또한, 에스트로겐류의 4종에 대한 BAC 공정에서의 생물분해 속도상수(kbio)는 수온 5℃에서 25℃로 상승하였을 경우, 0.1729~0.2511 min-1에서 0.3833~0.6094 min-1로 2.2배~2.4배 정도 증가하였다.
회분식 생물반응기를 이용한 BDOC<sub>rapid</sub>와 BDOC<sub>slow</sub> 결정
손희종,노재순,강임석,Son, Hee-Jong,Roh, Jae-Soon,Kang, Lim-Seok 한국물환경학회 2004 한국물환경학회지 Vol.20 No.4
In this study, biodegradable organic matter was divided into a rapidly biodegradable fraction($BDOC_{rapid}$) and a slowly biodegradable fraction($BDOC_{slow}$) for various waters with different types of DOC. These fractions($BDOC_{rapid}$ and $BDOC_{slow}$) were defined by using a shaking incubation method modified from Carlson's method. Also, in this study, optimum incubation time and accuracy were investigated to determine $BDOC_{rapid}$ and $BDOC_{slow}$. When suspended bacteria obtained from raw water and BAC effluent, or attached bacteria from BAC was respectively used as an inoculum, the difference in total BDOC($BDOC_{total}$) was minimal. Therefore, total BDOC was determined in 7~8 days by the shaking method, which is comparable with Servais's method by which BDOC was determined in 28 days. In addition, the difference of BDOC between these two methods was within 7%. Although $BDOC_{rapid}$ and $BDOC_{slow}$ were effectively determined by a method defined by Klevens, the difference in optimal incubation time was significant for different water samples. However, when using the shaking method, optimal incubation time for $BDOC_{rapid}$ was found to be 3 days, therefore, the $BDOC_{rapid}$ was defined as the difference between $DOC_0$ and $DOC_{3days}$, and $BDOC_{slow}$ was defined as the difference between $BDOC_{total}$ and $BDOC_{rapid}$. As a conclusion, for determining the fraction of BDOC using the shaking method, the concentrations of an inoculurns and optimal incubation times used in this study were very effective.
LC-OCD-OND를 이용한 정수처리 공정에서의 용존 유기물질 분획들의 생물분해에 대한 통찰
손희종,김용순,김상구,황영도,황인성 대한환경공학회 2019 대한환경공학회지 Vol.41 No.1
The purpose of this study was to assess biodegradability of the dissolved organic matter (DOM) fractions of different composition and origin and to understand how these DOM fractions are removed during the full scale drinking water treatment process (DWTP). This study provides an important insight into biodegradations of DOM fractions by LC-OCD-OND analysis methods. Biopolymers (BP) were biodegradable most easily and quickly compared to other fractions, followed by low molecular weight-neutrals (LMW-neu), and building blocks (BB) and humic substrances (HS) showed a very similar biodegradation rate. Biodegradation or production of BDOC and BDON were observed in the HS fraction. Most of the BDOC and BDON were removed by coagulation/sedimentation process in DWTP. These results highlight the importance of an optimised coagulation process to remove as much biodegradable high molecular weight (MW) dissolved organic matter (DOM) as possible. BDOC incubation test results showed microbial catabolism of all DOM fractions regardless of the MW of DOM fractions. Therefore, to minimize the risk of microbial growth and proliferation in the drinking water distribution systems, it is pointed out the need to control all possible DOM fractions in the DWTP. 본 연구의 목적은 다양한 기원과 조성을 가지는 수중의 용존유기물질(dissolved organic matter, DOM)의 생물분해성을평가하고, 정수처리 공정에서 이러한 DOM 분획들의 제거 메카니즘을 이해하는 것이다. 호소수를 사용하는 실제 정수장의정수처리 공정별 처리수들을 대상으로 수행하였으며, LC-OCD-OND 분석방법에 의한 DOM 분획들의 생물분해에 대한 중요한 통찰을 제공한다. Biopolymers는 다른 분획들에 비해 가장 용이하고 빠르게 생물분해되었고, 다음으로는 LMW-neu였으며, building blocks과 humic substances는 유사한 생물분해율을 나타내었다. Humic substances 분획에서 BDOC (biodegradable dissolved organic carbon)와 BDON (biodegradable dissolved organic nitrogen)의 농도 감소(분해) 또는 농도 증가(생성)가 관찰되었다. 대부분의 BDOC와 BDON은 응집·침전공정에서 제거되었으며, 이는 생물분해성 고분자 유기물질을 최대한 많이 제거하기 위해서는 응집공정 최적화의 필요성을 의미한다. BDOC 배양실험 결과에서 DOM 분획들의 분자량 크기에 관계없이 모든 DOM 분획들은 박테리아에 의한 분해대사가 가능하였다. 따라서 배·급수관망에서 미생물 성장 및 급격한 증식에 대한 위험을 최소화하기 위해서는 정수처리 공정에서 가능한 한 모든 DOM 분획들을 제어해야 할 필요성이 있었다.