한국인에서의 COL2A1 유전자 다형성과 강직성 척추염의 연관성

손은석,엄상현,윤문열 대한척추외과학회 2020 대한척추외과학회지 Vol.27 No.1

Study Design: Case-control comparison study. Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate whether single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of COL2A1 affect the development of ankylosing spondylitis (AS). Summary of Literature Review: Many factors have been reported to be involved in the etiology of AS. Human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-B27 has been established as a genetic factor involved in the development of AS; however, it has been reported in recent studies that various genetic polymorphisms may be related to the development of AS. The collagen, type II, alpha 1 gene (COL2A1 ) plays a role in cartilage formation and maintaining the vitreous humor in the eye. Several previous studies have investigated the associations of COL2A1 with spinal degenerative diseases, but no case-control comparative study has yet investigated the effect of COL2A1 variants on the development of AS. Materials and Methods: The study was planned with 96 AS patients in the study group and 330 healthy individuals in the control group. We searched the gene region of the COL2A1 gene in the NCBI SNP database (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/snp), and 3 SNPs (rs3803183, rs2070739 and rs1793949) were found using sequencing to be significantly different between the AS and control groups. Multiple logistic regression models for genetic analysis were applied Results: Three SNPs (rs3803183, rs2070739 and rs1793949) of COL2A1 showed significant associations with AS patients compared to control subjects (p<0.05). Conclusions: SNPs of COL2A1 may be associated with the development of AS in the Korean population. 연구 계획: 사례-대조 비교연구목적: 본 연구의 목적은 COL2A1의 단일 뉴클레오티드 다형성(SNP)이 AS의 발생에 영향을 줄 수 있는지 여부를 조사하는 것이다. 선행 연구문헌의 요약: 강직성 척추염(AS)의 병인에 관여하는 많은 요인들은 밝혀져있다. 인간 백혈구 항원(HLA) -B27은 강직성 척추염의 발생에 관여하는 유전적 인자로 알려져 있지만, 최근의 연구에서 다양한 유전자 다형성이 AS의 발생과 관련 될 수 있다고보고 되었다. 콜라겐, 유형 II, 알파 1 유전자(COL2A1)는 연골 형성 및 안구 유리체 유지의 역할을 한다. 척추 퇴행성 질환과 연관한 COL2A1에 대한 많은 연구가 있었지만, AS의 발생에 대한 COL2A1의 유전적 영향에 대한 사례-대조 비교 연구는 없었다. 대상 및 방법: 96명의 강직성 척추염 환자를 연구 군으로 정하고 330명의 건강한 사람을 대조 군으로 정하여 연구를 계획하였다. 우리는 SNP NCBI 데이터베이스(http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/snp)에서 COL2A1 유전자의 유전자 영역을 검색하였고, 시퀀싱을 이용하여 3개의 SNP(rs3803183, rs2070739,rs1793949) 를 비교 분석 하였다. 유전자 분석을 위해 다중 로지스틱 회귀 분석 모델을 적용하였다. 결과: COL2A1의 3개의 SNP (rs3803183, rs2070739, rs1793949)와 AS의 연관성은 통계적으로 유의 하였다(p<0.05). 결론: COL2A1의 SNP가 한국인에서 AS의 발생과 관련 될 수 있음을 시사한다. 약칭 제목: COL2A1 유전자 다형성과 강직성 척추염의 연관성

축추 추체 골절의 형태학적 양상과 임상적 결과

손은석,최형욱,이인규 대한척추외과학회 2021 대한척추외과학회지 Vol.28 No.3

Study Design: Retrospective. Objectives: To classify and analyze the morphological patterns of axis body fractures and report the clinical results. Summary of Literature Review: The classification of axis body fractures and treatment results have been rarely reported and are a matter of debate. Materials and Methods: Among 107 patients diagnosed with an axis fracture from 2005 to 2019, 53 patients with fracture involvement of the axis body were included. After the exclusion of 9 patients with a history of cervical spine surgery or who were lost to follow-up, 44 consecutive patients were enrolled in this retrospective study. Patients were classified into 5 groups (coronal, sagittal, transverse, avulsion, and complex) according to the main fracture line. Demographic data, injury mechanism, discoligamentous injury, combined injury, neurological symptoms, and clinical treatment results were analyzed. Results: Patients’ average age was 61.7 years (range, 25–81 years). Twenty-four patients were male and 20 were female. The average follow-up period was 14.2 months (range, 7–33 months). The coronal, sagittal, transverse, avulsion, and complex groups contained 5, 5, 8, 7, and 19 patients, respectively. Six patients were injured by slip-down accidents, 12 patients by falls from a height, and 26 patients by traffic accidents. Eighteen patients presented with a discoligamentous injury. Twenty-five patients showed a combined injury in the form of a fracture to other cervical vertebrae and bones. Thirteen patients presented neurological symptoms. Sixteen patients were treated with a neck collar and 28 patients were treated with a halo-vest. Two patients eventually required surgical fusion because union was not achieved with conservative management. In the final follow-up, all neurological symptoms were resolved; however, 4 patients still complained of a mild tingling sensation in the upper extremity. In the halo-vest group, pin site infection occurred in 3 patients, but it was controlled after antibiotic administration. Conclusions: Axis body fractures accounted for almost 50% of axis fractures. They can be classified into 5 groups (coronal, sagittal, transverse, avulsion, and complex) according to the morphological pattern. Non-operative management can be a reasonable treatment option with good clinical results and bone union.

Revision total elbow arthroplasty

이용걸,손은석 대한견주관절의학회 2007 대한견주관절학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2007 No.5

비복근 - 내측 비복 동맥 천공지 복합 피판을 이용한 연부조직 재건

이재훈,손은석,Lee, Jae-Hoon,Son, Eun-Suck 대한미세수술학회 2008 Archives of reconstructive microsurgery Vol.17 No.1

Medial gastrocnemius flap has been known as a useful option for soft tissue reconstruction of the knee and upper 1/3 of lower extremity, but it has a limitation to cover the lateral defect of the knee joint. We performed the combined gastrocnemius-medial sural artery perforator flap for coverage of the anterolateral defects of the knee joint, which is compound flap using a medial gastrocnemius flap and a medial sural artery perforator flap. This flap is a useful method for reconstruction of anterolateral knee defects, providing a easy dissection without the microsurgery and intramuscular dissection of the perforators.

일측성 경추간공 요추 추체간 유합술과 Wiltse 접근법을 통한 양측성 경추간공 요추 추체간 유합술 및 고식 적 접근법을 통한 양측성 경추간공 요추 추체간 유합술의 임상적 결과 비교

김기택,손은석,석경수,이상훈,이정희,박경준,곽윤호,홍세혁 대한척추외과학회 2011 대한척추외과학회지 Vol.18 No.4

Study Design: Comparative study. Objectives: To compare the outcomes of unilateral TLIF, bilateral TLIF using Wiltse approach and bilateral TLIF using conventional midline approach. Summary of Literature Review: There are many studies about outcomes of Unilateral TLIF, but few have compared the 3 different fusion procedures. Materials and Methods: 60 patients were divided into 3 groups. Each group has enrolled 20 patients (Study group: unilateral TLIF,Control group 1: bilateral TLIF using Wiltse approach, Control group 2: bilateral TLIF using conventional midline approach). For clinical outcomes, we compared operative time, blood loss, time for ambulation and discharge, VAS for back pain and leg pain and ODI among three groups. For radiologic evaluation, disc height and segmental lordosis were examined. Results: The mean operative time was 147 minutes in study group(SG), 172 minutes in control group 1(CG1), 167 minutes in control group 2(CG2). The mean total blood loss was 466ml in SG, 569ml in CG1, 1140ml in CG2 respectively. VAS for back pain at the third postoperative day significantly decreased in SG and CG1 compared with CG2. There was no significant difference in ODI, disc height and segmental lordosis among the groups. Conclusion: Using Wiltse approach, there were several advantages in decreasing blood loss, immediate postoperative back pain,hospital stay and early ambulation. Clinical and radiological results of unilateral TLIF were comparable with bilateral TLIF.

Next-Generation Sequencing-Based Genome-Wide Mutation Analysis of L-Lysine-Producing Corynebacterium glutamicum ATCC 21300 Strain

이창수,남재영,손은석,권오철,한우리자랑,조재용,박영진 한국미생물학회 2012 The journal of microbiology Vol.50 No.5

In order to identify single nucleotide polymorphism and insertion/deletion mutations, we performed whole-genome re-sequencing of the enhanced L-lysine-producing Corynebacterium glutamicum ATCC 21300 strain. In total, 142single nucleotide polymorphisms and 477 insertion/deletion mutations were identified in the ATCC 21300 strain when compared to 3,434 predicted genes of the wild-type C. glutamicum ATCC 13032 strain. Among them, 110 transitions and 29 transversions of single nucleotide polymorphisms were found from genes of the ATCC 21300 strain. In addition,11 genes, involved in the L-lysine biosynthetic pathway and central carbohydrate metabolism, contained mutations including single nucleotide polymorphisms and insertions/deletions. Interestingly, RT-PCR analysis of these 11 genes indicated that they were normally expressed in the ATCC 21300 strain. This information of genome-wide gene-associated variations will be useful for genome breeding of C. glutamicum in order to develop an industrial amino acidproducing strain with minimal mutation.

交雜種 옥수수 F_2世代에서의 種實重 및 主要形質에 對한 反應

李明薰,鄭憲周,孫恩石 동국대학교 새마을연구소 1990 새마을硏究 論文集 Vol.7 No.-

This experiment was conducted to investigate the responses of F_2 maize hybrids for grain yield, yield components, and agronomic characters. Five F_2 hybrids Station of the Dongguk University in 1990. The obtained results are summarized as follows: 1. Average reduction rate of five F_2 maize hybrids for grain yield was 34% and the reduction rate ranged from 14 to 48%. 2. The reduction rates of ear length, number of kernels per row, number of kernel rows, and 100 kernels weight in F_2 generation were 16, 23, 7, and 7%, respectively. 3. Days to tasseling was delayed by 1 day in F_2 generation, and plant height (5%) and ear height (13%) were also reduced. 4. Stem diameter was reduced by 6%, however, no difference was observed for number of stem nodes. Barrenness in F_2 increased remarkably, indicating significantly influenced on the reduction of grain yield.

제5 수근중수 외상성 관절염에 대한 제4, 5 중수골기저부 관절유합술

강철형,조철현,손은석 대한수부외과학회 2013 대한수부외과학회지 Vol.18 No.4

Posttraumatic arthritis of the fifth carpometacarpal joint occurs as a sequelae of intraarticular comminuted fracture or missed and untreated fracture. If it is inappropriately managed, persistent pain and functional disability of the hand can occur. Arthrodesis, resection arthroplasty, or interposition arthroplasty has been reported as the treatment for the arthritis. However, outcome studies for operative treatment of the fifth carpometacarpal arthritis have been rarely reported. We report a case of the fifth carpometacarpal arthritis occurred after missed fracture, which was successfully treated with fourth, fifth metacarpal base arthrodesis. 제5 수근중수 외상성 관절염은 관절 내 분쇄 골절 후 또는 정확한 진단이 되지 않아 적절한 치료를 받지 못한 경우에 잘발생하며 이로 인해 지속적인 동통 및 수부 기능의 저하를 초래하게 된다. 이에 대해 치료로는 관절유합술, 절제 관절성형술, 삽입 관절성형술 등이 소개되어 있지만 드문 빈도로 인해 그 치료 결과에 대한 보고가 매우 드물다. 저자들은 진단이 간과된 후에 발생한 제5 수근중수 외상성 관절염 1예에 대해 제4, 5 중수골 기저부 관절유합술을 시행한 후 좋은결과를 경험하였기에 문헌 고찰과 함께 보고하고자 한다.

원위 요골 골절과 동반된 수근부 손상: 단순 방사선 및 컴퓨터 단층 촬영을 통한 후향적 분석

조철현 ( Chul Hyun Cho ),손은석 ( Eun Seok Son ) 대한골절학회 2015 대한골절학회지 Vol.28 No.1

목 적: 원위 요골 골절에 동반된 수근부 골절 및 인대 손상의 빈도 및 양상을 알아보고, 그 위험 인자를 분석하고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법: 362명 379예를 대상으로 하였으며, 수상 당시의 단순 방사선 사진과 전산화 단층 촬영을 통해 수근부 골절 및 인대 손상을 평가하였으며, 여러 인자들과의 연관성을 분석하였다. 결 과: 39예(10.3%)에서 1개 이상의 수근골 골절이, 40예(10.6%)에서 수근골간 인대 손상이 동반되어 총 59예(15.6%)에서 수근부 손상이 관찰되었다. 수근골간 인대 손상은 젊은 연령과, 수근골 골절은 AO B형 골절과 연관성이 있었다. 남자, 고에너지 손상, 완관절 주위 이외의 동반 손상이 있었던 경우에 수근부 골절 및 인대 손상이 잘 발생하는 것으로 나타났다. 결 론: 원위 요골 골절 환자에서 비교적 높은 빈도에서 수근부 손상이 동반되었으며, 젊은 연령, 남자, 고 에너지 손상, AOB형 골절, 동반 손상이 있는 경우에 수근부 손상의 빈도가 높게 나타났다. Purpose: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the incidence and characteristics of concomitant carpal bone fractures and ligament injuries and to analyze risk factors for carpal injuries in patients with distal radius fractures. Materials and Methods: A total of 362 patients with 379 distal radius fractures were reviewed retrospectively. Associated carpal bone fractures and ligament injuries were evaluated by plain radiographs and computed tomography at the time of initial trauma. Correlation between associated carpal injuries and various parameters was also analyzed. Results: Of 379 distal radius fractures, 39 cases (10.3%) had one or more carpal bone fracture and 40 cases (10.6%) had carpal ligament injuries. Overall, carpal injuries occurred in 59 cases (15.6%) distal radius fractures. Associated carpal ligament injuries showed correlation with young age and associated carpal bone fractures showed correlation with AO type B distal radius fractures. Carpal injuries including fracture and ligament injury showed correlation with male, high energy trauma, or associated injuries beyond wrist. Conclusion: The incidence of concomitant carpal injuries in patients with distal radius fractures is relatively high. Concomitant carpal injuries were more common in young age, male, high energy trauma, AO type B distal radius fractures, or associated injuries beyond wrist.

뚜렷한 석회화가 없는 급성 경장근 건염

강철형(Chul-Hyung Kang),손은석(Eun Seok Son),김두환(Du Hwan Kim),장형규(Hyung-Gyu Jang) 대한정형외과학회 2015 대한정형외과학회지 Vol.50 No.3

경장근 석회화 건염(calcific tendinitis of the longus colli)은 경추의 전방에 위치하는 경장근에 석회 수산화인회석 결정이 침착하여 이로 인한 염증으로 발생하는 질환이며 후인두 석회화 건염(retropharyngeal calcific tendinitis) 또는 전경추 건염(prevertebral tendinitis)으로도 알려져 있다. 질환의 전형적인 영상 소견으로 주로 경추 제1-2번 전방의 경장근 주위에 석회화 결정 및 후인두 공간의 부종이 관찰된다. 그러나 저자들은 방사선 검사에서 뚜렷한 석회화를 보이지 않은 급성 경장근 건염 1예를 보하고고자 한다. Calcific tendinitis of the longus colli is an inflammatory disease caused by calcium hydroxyapatite crystal deposition in the longus colli tendon of the prevertebral space. It is also known as retropharyngeal calcific tendinitis or prevertebral tendinitis. The typical imaging characteristics of this entity are calcifications on the superior insertion of the longus colli tendons at the C1-2 level and fluid collection in the retropharyngeal space. However, we introduce a case of acute longus colli tendinitis without definite calcification deposition on image findings.