청소년 문제에 대한 지역사회 역할

손병선,장상수 순천대학교 사회과학연구소 1994 社會科學硏究 Vol.6 No.-

In recent years, juvenile delinquency has been seriously recognized not only by many researchers but also by comminity leaders. This paper, after examining the current patterns and the causes of juvenile delinquency, will suggest various programs for its attenuations. There have been many theories that attempted to explain the deviance. But slightly different from these main traditions, we want to explain the conditions of the occurrences of the deviance by following the Durkheimian tradition. In our view, the relative strength of the solidarities among the family, the school, and the community is a major determinant of the juvenile delinquency. And this solidarity comes from the ritual density and diversity of the various groups. The more the ritual density of family with its children is, and the more the school and the community have a diversified contacts with their young members, the less the juvenile delinquency will happen. Upon this diagnosis, various programs which the community can provide for guiding the youth are suggested.

政治發展論에 있어서의 政治安定에 관한 硏究

孫炳善 전북대학교 사회과학연구소 1984 지역과 세계 Vol.11 No.-

The emergence of new states after World War Ⅱ has become an incipient motivation for the studies on political development. New states have uniformally faced common problems such as economic development, political stability and construction of stable political institutions. In the link, this study is to examine the relationship between theory of political development and political stability by cyclical perspective. Most of the studies on political development have entailed problems in an attempt to unconditionally apply the concept to the studies of political development based on the western way of thinking in new states. Numerous concepts offered by many scholars have eventually brought about confusion in the concept of political development itself. Here, we hypothesized that the change and conflict stemmed from process of the political development is related to the political stability. In this sense, the concept of political stability is described a equilibrium not to be destroyed by a trifling change. Political development has influence on political stability through the intermediate variables of capacity and institutionalization. The degree of political stability is determined by the capacity of political system to be able to satisfy people's demand. It is also depended upon the level of political institutionalization. Contemporary societies are full of various conflicts and thus lack political stability. Political stability is a seriously desired goal in the developing as well as the developed countries. The writer elicits method to achieve political stability in the contemporary societies from the theories of political development (the linear theory and the cyclical theory). A strategy for this is searched out the cyclical theory based people's demand. In conclusion, an important political problem of contemporary is to keep the equilibrium and harmony in high level between the capacity of political system and the political institutionalization. Because the equilibrium and harmony is the way of political development and political stability.

韓國의 政治文化와 民主化의 課題

孫炳善 順天大學校 1987 論文集 Vol.6 No.1

The purpose of this study is to examine closely, by the analysis of traditional traits of political culture in Korea. what relations they have with political culture of contemporary orientation, and what problems of political culture to be solved by Koreans. To realize this purpose the study analizes, through historical-comprehensive approach the problem of establishment for democracy in Korea which has been neglected in most of the political studies until now. This study consists of six chapters including Introduction and Conclusion. Chap Ⅱ introduces the concepts of political culture being used generally in the field of comparative politics today with especially a focus on Almond's viewpoint. Chap. Ⅲ, on the basis of this concept, exlores deliberately the traditional traits having made important effects in the formation of political culture in Korea, especially during the Yi Dynasty: authoritarianism, factionalism, formalism, etc. Chap. Ⅳ examines, on the conflicting-level, the dual-structure traits of traditional and contemporary factors having appeared in political culture during the period of modernization in Korea. And it clarifies that these factors have functional relations positively with socio-economic change. Chap. Ⅴ proved that the contemporary political orientation became more conspicuous in Korean political culture, as socio-economic conditions changed. This phenomenon helps Koreans to establish gradually democracies in overall respects of Korean society. And it becomes also apparent that what tasks of political culture to be solved by Korean are: industrialization, political socialization, civil consciousness, etc. In conclusion.Ⅰsynthesized and arranged all mentioned above in viewpoint of the desirable direction and establishment of democracy in Korea.

지방자치제의 문제점과 개선방향

손병선,곽종영,조상호,양재선 순천대학교 사회과학연구소 1994 社會科學硏究 Vol.6 No.-

韓國의 民間信仰이 政治文化에 미친 影響

孫炳善 순천대학교 사회과학연구소 1987 社會科學硏究 Vol.1 No.-

The study was designed to examine presisely the essences of Korean political culture and to secure objectively what directions will lead to the creative, positive one through the investigation of religious folk beliefs and their impacts on political culture in Korea. For the accurate understanding of essential elements of these beliefs having continuously appeared in Korean political culture, historical-comprehensive approach was applied in this study. This study consists of five chapters. Chap. Ⅰ defined the concepts of religious folk beliefs and of political culture, and emphasized the necessity of researching the substance of Korean politcal culture in terms of religious folk beliefs. Chap. Ⅱ analysed general relationships between religions and political cultures/subcultures, and explored the fact that Korean political culture has also had inevitable relations to various religious folk beliefs in its history. Chap. Ⅲ indicated that Shamanism was one of the important factors forming Korean folk beliefs and that its contents and characteristics have been changed in the process of accepting foreign religions. Though the acceptance of foreign religions had effects on the change of the contents and characteristics of Shamanism, they also were assorbed in Shamanism. Chap. Ⅳ examined that Korean folk beliefs including Shamanism have given the following cultural factors to Korean political culture: the consciousness of authoritarianism, and resistance, realism. Chap. Ⅴ, after synthesizing all mentioned above, concluded that without denying the significance of folk beliefs and for their creative effects on the formation of Korean political culture, we must enhance positive and participant political consciousness leading to healthy political culture in Korea.

북한의 정치문화와 3대 세습

손병선 한국동북아학회 2012 한국동북아논총 Vol.17 No.4

이 논문은 북한의 정치문화와 3대 세습의 관계를 구체적으로 살펴보기 위해 유교적 정치이념과 주체문화의 이데올로기적 정치사회화를 원용한 권력세습의 내용을 그람시의 정치사회화이론의 관점에서 살펴보았다. 북한의 정치문화는 지배 이데올로기의 정치사회화 과정에서 많은 특이점을 가지고 있다. 특히 유교 정치이념은 주체사상의 정치사회화 과정에서 중요한 역할을 하였고, 이것은 정치권력의 개인숭배화나 우상화로 어렵지 않게 전이되었다. 그리고 이것은 권력세습을 위한 수령영도의 정치사회화과정에서도 정치영역의 통제뿐만 아니라, 주민들의 일상생활에 대한 간섭과 계몽을 위해서도 적절히 활용되었다. 사실 북한에서 유교 정치이념과 건국신화 등은 당과 인민대중간의 영도적 권력관계를 정당화하는 토대로서, 인민들에게 당과 지도자에 대한 절대복종을 왕과 하늘을 대하는 가치체계와 동일시하게 하고, 당원들에게는 권위주의적 엘리트의식을 갖게 하였다. 그리고 주체문화의 백두혈통론을 통해 수령영도와 선군정치를 정당화하였다. 이러한 수령영도문화가 이데올로기적 정치사회화과정에서 김정일의 선군문화, 김정은의 컴퓨터수치제어(CNC)문화로 활용되면서 주민들에게는 동원․영도․계몽문화 등으로 정착된 것이다 This paper examines North Korea’s Confucian ideology and Juche ideology in order to grasp the relation between North Korea’s political culture and third-generation power succession in the perspective of Gramsci’s political socialization. North Korea’s political culture has many peculiarities in the political socialization of dominant ideology. One of them is Confucian ideology, which has played an important role in the political socialization of Juche ideology and which helped idolizing the political leader. It is also this ideology that has controlled the politicians and lay people. Both Confucianism and the founding myth of country have provided the basis of legitimating the role of Labor Party as a leading system. Upon this basis, Labor Party members have had an authoritarian elite consciousness and lay people identified their submission to the Party and its leader with the faithful obedience to the Heaven and King. Further, Confucianism have also justified the guidance of Supreme Leader through the argument of Baek-du linage in Juche ideology. So it may be concluded that Confucianism has been the basis of the legitimacy of the Leader’s guidance and the latter ideology made Kim Jung-il’s Military First politics and Kim Jung-eun’s CNC(Computer Numerical Control) movement possible.

북한 세습체제의 구축과 대남통일정책

손병선 한국동북아학회 2011 한국동북아논총 Vol.16 No.3

In the viewpoint of A. Gramsci's theory of political socialization, this paper shows how North Korea copes with political, military, economic situations since the 3rd Representatives Conference of North Korean Labor party, which was held September 28, 2010, where Jeong-en Kim was elected as a member of Central Committee of Party and deputy chairman of Central Military Committee. Jeong-en Kim, who is going through the power heredity, caused many changes in the political terrain of North Korea. Power seems to be smoothly succeeded at a glance. Kyong-hee Kim, Seong-taik Chang, Yeong-ho Lee, Yong-hae Choi who are supposed to be close to Jeong-en Kim were brought to the fore, and the authority of Central Military Committee was more strengthened than before. However, such hereditary regime confronts so many difficulties in the economic aspects. In order to achieve economic growth, both the introduction of free market economy and the improvement of relationships with foreign countries, especially with United States, are necessary. If North Korea tries to solve such tasks, government should relax the surveillance and control system against its people. Unless South Korea fail to catch such opportunity, it is quite advisable to quit the current antagonism against North Korea and to endeavor improving the relations between South and North Koreas by way of conversations. 이 글에서는 2010년 9월 28일 북한의 제3차 노동당대표자회 이후에 김정은 세습체제로의 전환을 위한 정치, 군사, 경제, 남북관계 측면에서의 대응방식과 그에 따른 대남통일정책의 내용을 그람시의 정치사회화이론 관점에서 살펴보았다. 북한에서는 제3차 당대표자회를 통해 권력세습 수순을 밟고 있는 김정은이 당 중앙위원과 중앙군사위원회 부위원장에 올라 권력상층부의 정치지형에 많은 변화가 생겼다. 이번 김정은 세습체제에서는 김경희ㆍ장성택ㆍ리영호ㆍ최용해 등 이른바 김정은의 최측근 비호 세력이 부각되고 중앙군사위의 위치와 권한이 강화되어 정치․군사적 권력세습은 순조롭게 이루어지는 듯 보인다. 그러나 김정은 세습체제는 경제분야에서는 많은 난제에 봉착해 있다. 특히 자력으로 경제를 회생시키려면 개혁․개방과 시장화가 필수적이고, 외부의 지원을 받으려면 주변국과의 관계개선이 우선이다. 그런데 개혁․개방과 시장화를 지향하자니 체제유지에 어려움이 예상되고, 군사강국을 지향하자니 대북제재와 핵문제가 걸림돌로 작용한다. 이런 상황에서 김정은 세습체제의 정치사회화의 환경 변화를 위해서는 북한의 감시체제와 통제체제가 약화되어야한다. 이를 위해서는 김정은 세습체제의 내면적 변화가 필요하기 때문에 남북대화와 교류가 무엇보다 중요하다. 따라서 이명박 정부는 지금까지 추진해왔던 대립적 대북정책을 지양하고 미래지향적 신뢰구축을 위한 남북정상회담 등의 남북대화를 추진하는데 인색하지 말아야할 것이다.

한국 정치문화의 민주화와 정치교육

손병선 한국정치정보학회 1998 정치정보연구 Vol.1 No.1

통일문제에 관한 정치사회화 과정 - 초·중·고등학교 통일교육을 중심으로 -

손병선,김창희,조동찬 한국정치외교사학회 2002 한국정치외교사논총 Vol.23 No.2

韓國의 巫俗信仰的 政治關에 관한 硏究

孫炳善 호남정치학회 1989 호남정치학회보 Vol.1 No.-

政治觀이란 본래 政治文化의 産物로서 政冶意識과 밀접히 관련되고 있다. 그런데 모든 文化의 핵심에는 언제나 宗敎가 있다. 특히 韓國社會를 오랬동안 지배해 온 巫俗信仰이 한국사회의 一般文化는 물론 그 下位文化인 政治文化에 영향력을 행사하였다는 것은 당연하다. 이러한 관점에서 韓國政治文化의 形成過程을 硏究하기 위해서는 巫俗信仰의 영향력에 대한 체계적인 分析이 필요하다. 본 논문에서는 한국의 巫俗信仰이 歷史的 展開過程을 통하여 어떠한 政治意識이 形成되도록 하였으며, 또 그러한 政治意識에 의해 定立된 政冶觀은 무엇인가를 살펴본다. 한국고대인들은 天神과 地神의 결합으로 태어난 神人이 그들의 始祖라고 믿었으며, 그는 政治的으로는 王이고, 宗敎的으로는 巫堂이라고 생각하였다. 여기에서 파생된 意識이 神人意識·共同體意識·陰陽意識이었는데, 이들 意識이 政治意識으로 자리잡아 政治觀의 형성에 중요한 역할을 하였다. 그 후 外來宗敎와 思想이 韓國政治社倉에 들어왔지만 이를 한국인들이 巫俗信仰的으로 이해하였기 때문에 실제의 政治意識에 있어서는 巫俗信仰的 政治觀이 작용하였다. 이러한 政治觀은 오늘의 韓國政治文化가 이루어지기까지도 끊임없이 작용하여 하나의 動的인 理念 역할을 하고 있다. 결국 韓國의 政治文化는 역사적으로 쌓여 온 巫俗信仰的 政治觀의 展開過程과 결코 무관할 수 없으므로 神人意識·共同體意識·陰陽意識 등의 巫俗信仰的 政治意識에서 그 本質的 性格과 內容을 찾아야 한다.