Effects of MK-801 and CNQX on Various Neurotoxic Responses Induced by Kainic Acid in Mice

서홍원,이진구,Seong-Soo Choi,이한규,Ki-Jung Han,Eun-Jung Han 한국분자세포생물학회 2002 Molecules and cells Vol.14 No.3

Blending in English and English Loanwords: An Optimality Theoretic Approach

서홍원 대한언어학회 2011 언어학 Vol.19 No.2

The goal of this paper is to provide some aspects of blends within the framework of Correspondence Theory. Blends can largely be categorized into two groups: those with and without overlapping segments. In the cases of overlapping blends, the identical segment has a role as the switch point, while in the latter the switch points are placed on prosodic or morphological boundaries such as foot, syllable, and rhyme. Although the alignment constraints control these switch points in English blends, Align(BW, BW(Σ)) is not considered in an analysis of English loanword blends, as the Korean phonology system is exempted from word stress. In particular, in the cases of non-overlapping blends, Align(BW, σ) plays a crucial role in demarcating splinters of the two source words. In addition, the minimal word requirement for forming a new blended form causes the number of syllables to be at least two. This paper sheds light on setting some foundation for an analysis and comparing the disparity of the processes of forming blends in English and English loanwords.

Effect of pertussis toxin pretreated centrally on blood glucose level induced by stress

서홍원,심윤범,박수현,Naveen Sharma,임현주,홍재승 대한약리학회 2016 The Korean Journal of Physiology & Pharmacology Vol.20 No.5

In the present study, we examined the effect of pertussis toxin (PTX) administered centrally in a variety of stress-induced blood glucose level. Mice were exposed to stress after the pretreatment of PTX (0.05 or 0.1 mg) i.c.v. or i.t. once for 6 days. Blood glucose level was measured at 0, 30, 60 and 120 min after stress stimulation. The blood glucose level was increased in all stress groups. The blood glucose level reached at maximum level after 30 min of stress stimulation and returned to a normal level after 2 h of stress stimulation in restraint stress, physical, and emotional stress groups. The blood glucose level induced by coldwater swimming stress was gradually increased up to 1 h and returned to the normal level. The intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) or intrathecal (i.t.) pretreatment with PTX, a Gi inhibitor, alone produced a hypoglycemia and almost abolished the elevation of the blood level induced by stress stimulation. The central pretreatment with PTX caused a reduction of plasma insulin level, whereas plasma corticosterone level was further up-regulated in all stress models. Our results suggest that the hyperglycemia produced by physical stress, emotional stress, restraint stress, and the cold-water swimming stress appear to be mediated by activation of centrally located PTXsensitive G proteins. The reduction of blood glucose level by PTX appears to due to the reduction of plasma insulin level. The reduction of blood glucose level by PTX was accompanied by the reduction of plasma insulin level. Plasma corticosterone level up-regulation by PTX in stress models may be due to a blood glucose homeostatic mechanism.

Phonotactic Adaptation in Loanwords: Insertion vs. Deletion

서홍원 대한언어학회 2016 언어학 Vol.24 No.3

Seo, Hongwon. (2016). Phonotactic Adaptation in Loanwords: Insertion vs. Deletion. The Linguistic Association of Korea Journal, 24(3), 37-62. The goal of this paper is to investigate what repair strategies can be employed when an illegitimate cluster is adapted into a language which lacks complex margins and how a typology can be dealt with within the framework of the Optimality Theory. Vowel insertion is cross-linguistically preferable over consonant deletion. This tendency is well supported by TCRS (Paradis & LaCharité 1997), but if more than one repair is necessary, deletion inevitably happens depending on perceptual salience and similarity. Concerning the position of vowel insertion, three types are all observed in loanword adaptation: only prothesis, only anaptyxis, and a mixed pattern. For the OT analysis, the ranking permutation between SYLLCON and CONTIGUITY can account for such an asymmetrical typology, in combination with some markedness constraints to comply with phonological restrictions.

An Aspect of Flapping in American English

서홍원 대한영어영문학회 2020 영어영문학연구 Vol.46 No.3

Seo, Hongwon. “An Aspect of Flapping in American English.” Studies in English Language & Literature 46.3 (2020): 321-340. The goal of this paper is to investigate how flapping occurs in American English and to analyze under the framework of Optimality Theory. Flapping as one of consonant lenitions is rule-governed and can be dealt with respect to ambisyllabicity, whereby the consonant is treated as simultaneously behaving as the coda of the preceding syllable and as the onset of the following syllable. Coronal stops can be obligatorily or optionally flapped in word-final and word-initial positions as well as the word-internal position. Flapping in word-final and word-initial /t/s can operate irrespective of stress of neighboring vowels. Word-final /t/ is realized as a flap when immediately followed by a vowel, while word-initial /t/ flapping is confined to only a few words which undergo enclisis. The asymmetries between word-final and word-initial cases are closely related to the positional faithfulness, that segments in unprivileged positions are the target of phonological processes. In particular, flapping in word-initial happens when a prosodic word is newly postulated via enclisis based on the default condition that function words are subject to be encliticized to a preceding word. (Chonbuk National University)

등위접속구문내의 격과 일치에 관한 연구

서홍원,이은경 대한언어학회 2005 언어학 Vol.13 No.4

Philip Sidney’s Poetical Rhetoric in Astrophil and Stella

서홍원 한국중세근세영문학회 2009 중세르네상스 영문학 Vol.17 No.2

My aim in this paper is to approach Sidney’s Astrophil and Stella through the now largely ignored art of rhetoric and thus recuperate some of the lost implications of frequently anthologized poems like Sonnet 1. In the sonnet sequence I detect a struggle between Sidney’s desire to preserve an ideal (in the form of Stella) and a competing desire to communicate that earlier desire through a medium of communication that makes preservation of that ideal impossible. En route, I discuss issues of the classification of rhetoric and its parts in relation to the sister arts of logic and poetics.

조지 허버트의 『성전』에 나타난 종교, 언어와 시

서홍원 한국고전중세르네상스영문학회 2010 중세근세영문학 Vol.20 No.1

This paper examines the language and poetry of George Herbert’s The Temple with regard to his religious leanings. Despite the preponderance of studies that identify Protestant characteristics in Herbert’s poetry, few can explain the relationship between his religious leanings and his poetics, especially regarding the presence of opaque poetic forms and language in The Temple. The condition of the fall necessitates fallen modes of communication, where opacity cannot be avoided. I see in The Temple, especially in “The Altar” ― which is the first poem in the main body of The Temple that falls under the title The Church ― an acute awareness and celebration of the physicality and opacity of the poem’s form, which is not meant to be negated, despite what champions of Herbert’s Protestant poetics say. Rather than try to explain Herbert’s formality away through broad-sweeping poetics, I suggest we take a serious look back to the position once held by Herbert scholars in the mid-20th century ― that Herbert’s religion was a fairly comfortable confusion of Catholic and Protestant elements that were the lamentable traits of Anglicanism that were loudly denounced by the Puritans.

The Truncation of Englsih Loanwords in Korean: An Optimality-Theoretic Approach

서홍원 신영어영문학회 2007 신영어영문학 Vol.37 No.-

This paper focuses on accounting for some aspects of truncation in loanwords of Korean under Correspondence Theory. The study shows that the determination of the base in truncation analysis is very crucial, because identity effects between a truncated form and its base play a major role in choosing the optimal form. We have analyzed truncation by dividing truncated loanwords into single truncated loanwords (STLs) and compound truncated loanwords (CTLs). In STLs, how to set the base up depends on whether the source words are borrowed directly into Korean or they are loaned after being truncated. In order to analyze CTLs, we consider the recoverable possibility of original compound words from truncated forms. The study reveals that the minimal word requirement exists in truncated loanwords in Korean. We expect that new truncated words will be created as the communicative media are developing so fast. However, the new forms at least will follow some conditions proposed in this paper.

Some Aspects on Korean Blends: An Optimality-theoretic Analysis

서홍원 대한언어학회 2013 언어학 Vol.21 No.3

This study aims to provide some aspects of Korean blends within the framework of Correspondence Theory. In spite of its productive and systematic characteristics, fewer interests have relatively been given to the analyses of blends in Korean. In the previous studies, blending is largely categorized into two groups: overlapping and non-overlapping blends. However, we found the distinction of two kinds of blends does not play a salient role in our analysis. In order to derive the optimal output, we divide constraints into the undominated and dominated ones. Of the undominated constraints, MinContrib entailing Blend= MinWord requires that at least one syllable of each base word should be involved in creating blends for the purpose of increasing the recoverability of bases. In addition, Align(BW, BW(σ)) forces a switch point to be located at the syllable boundary. Finally, since the overall length of the blend should be identical to that of the longer base, in our analysis Max-σ and Dep-σ are gradiently counted based on Bat-El's suggestion (1996).