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서원태,장준호,장윤영,장현태 한국산학기술학회 2022 한국산학기술학회논문지 Vol.23 No.9
Combustion of a mixture of fossil fuel and organic sludge is the most efficient method for the treatment of combustible wastes in order to reduce carbon dioxide generation due to the reduction of fossil fuel use. The high heat and mass transfer efficiency from fluidized bed combustion allows utilization of various fuels, in which the ash of solid fuel is discharged as bottom ash and fly ash. This study analyzes the discharge characteristics of organic sludge ash in a fluidized bed. Therefore, attrition and elutriation characteristics of organic sludge ash were examined by using the ASTM D5757-95 method and 1½-inch and four-inch fluidized beds, respectively. The ASTM D5757-95 method measures particle attrition via air jet. The particle size range was 200 μm and under. For particle sizes of 200㎛ and over, attrition characteristics were measured in a 1½-inch fluidized bed with only organic sludge and in a four-inch fluidized bed with bed material sand and organic sludge. The pressure fluctuation properties were measured in a four-inch fluidized bed by four pressure sensors installed at intervals of 0.03m above the distributor plate. Pressure fluctuation properties, such as mean pressure and standard deviation of the pressure fluctuations were calculated. From the pressure fluctuation properties, it was possible to predict particle attrition and elutriation of organic sludge in the fluidized beds. The organic sludge was fed into the fluidized bed for attrition and elutriation from friction and collision between particles and the wall and the jet of the supply air. It was found that suspended particles carried the combustion gas. 화석연료 사용 감소에 따른 이산화탄소 발생 저감을 위한 가연성 폐기물의 처리 방법으로 혼합연소가 가장 효율적 방법이다. 유동층연소로는 열 및 물질전달 효율이 높으므로 다양한 연료 사용이 가능하고 높은 전열 강도를 지니고있다. 유동층연소로는 투입된 연료의 회분 성분이 바닥재와 비산재로 배출된다. 본 연구에서는 유동층에 공급된 유기성오니 회분의 배출 특성을 규명하고자 연구를 수행하였다. 따라서 유기성 오니 회분의 마모 및 비산유출 특성을 ASTM D5757-95 방법과 1½, 4인치 유동층에서 각각 수행하였다. ASTM D5757-95는 200㎛ 이하 입자의 마모를 연구하였으며, 200㎛ 이상의 입자는 1½인치 유동층에서는 유기성 오니만을 충전한 상태에서의 마모 특성, 4인치 유동층에서는층물질 모래와 유기성 오니를 충전하여 마모 특성을 측정하였다. 또한 내경 4인치 유동층에서는 유동층 분산판으로부터0.03m 간격으로 4개의 압력센서를 설치하여 유동층의 압력요동 특성을 측정하였다. 측정된 압력값으로부터 압력요동특성치인 평균압력과 압력요동의 표준편차를 계산하였다. 압력요동특성치로써 유동층에서 유기성 오니의 마모 유출특성을 관측할 수 있는 방법을 제시할 수 있었다. 유동층에 공급된 유기성 오니는 입자간 및 기벽과의 마찰과 공급공기의jet에 의하여 마모 비산되어 연소가스에 동반되어 유출되는 것을 알 수 있었다.
지아장커 영화, 중국사회에 대한 비판적 성찰과 실험적 기록
서원태 ( Won Tae Seo ) 한양대학교 현대영화연구소 2010 현대영화연구 Vol.6 No.1
This study approaches the filmmaking methods of Jia Zhanke by analyzing the effects of changed china film industry and the principle of directing style in terms of form. So called `sixth generation` movement of china cinema is used for understanding a relationship between Jia Zhanke`s film and historical aspect of china cinema. And by analyzing the formal aspect of his film, we are able to figure out the personal style of his filmmaking and objectify the analyze method in a various way. Generally, Jia Zhangke`s directing method is based on the documentary style. however this is not a precondition of his filmmaking. The reason Jia Zhanke utilizes the characteristics of documentary filmmaking has been more than just using conventional language of documentary genre. Jia Zhangke`s documentary style is based on his way to observe society of china critically. The cinematic characteristics of Jia Zhanke`s film can be understood in these four context; observation and aboriginality, fictional expression for realistic description, contingency and improvisation, foregrounding of characters. Analysis based on these four elements gives possibilities to understand Jia Zhangke`s personal style of filmmaking beyond the general interpretation based on the `discussion of six generation movement`.
협대역 영상 방광경에 의한 술 후 재발성 방광 종양의 발견
서원태(Won Tae Seo),강수환(Su Hwan Kang) 대한비뇨기종양학회 2020 대한비뇨기종양학회지 Vol.18 No.3
Purpose: We compared the effectiveness of narrow-band imaging (NBI) cystoscopy and white light cystoscopy (WLC) for detection of intravesical recurrence of bladder cancer. Materials and Methods: We studied the positive predictive value (PPV) in the recurrent suspicious lesions in patients with nonmuscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) for the 13 months of the follow-up from July 2016 to June 2017 with WLC and another 13 months from July 2017 to July 2018 with NBI, respectively. We also studied the second transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TURBT) free survival (STFS) and cancer-specific recurrence-free survival (CSRFS) with WLC and NBI in the 12 months of short-term follow-up. Results: The total number of first TURBT patients in the follow-up was 164. Eighty patients were excluded. Among the 84 patients with NMIBC, WLC group was 43, NBI group was 41. Thirty-six patients had more than second TURBT. In 48 cases of patients with more than second TURBT, PPV of WLC and NBI was 81.8% and 61.5%, respectively. There was no statistically significance of PPV between the 2 groups (p=0.124). There were no pathological differences between the results about 1 year of follow-up patients with one of WLC or NBI (p=0.288). STFS was statistically significantly shorter in NBI (p=0.002), but there were no statistically significant difference in CSRFS. Conclusions: NBI had made the bladder lesions detected early but had a low PPV for cancer recurrence within the bladder and there is no survival benefit.