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徐信錫 한양대학교 한국학연구소 1984 韓國學論集 Vol.5 No.-
This paper is an attempt to investigate the process of formulating Public school regulations in the early Choson Dynasty. The public school regulations can be divided into expansive intentional policy of encouragement of learning and activity controling discipline. The former was carried on with some bearings on the reformative contents of state examinations. In the 7th year of Taejong(1407) the government required discouses(製述) instead of textual exposition (講經) in the preliminary higher civil service examinaion. In the 13th year of Taejong(1413) the government required transferred the business of higher civil service examination conducted by Seong-Kyun-Kwan to the Yaejo(the Ministry of Education:). After that public school students came to complain about the contents of public education by neglecting their own textual expositin and making a collection of extracts. Therefore, the scholars who were interested in educatinal circles recommended several times that the contents of public educatin be brought in line with the state examinations, but it was refused. So the scholars presented the policy of encouragement of learning for the purpose of intensifying the educational functions of learning for the purpose of intensifying the educational functions of public school. The most important things were the intensification of evaluaion system, restoration of Ku-Jae-Hak-Dang(The Nine Lecture Rooms: 九齊學堂) and strengthening of Won-Jeom system(The Attendance Requirement: 圓點制). There were daily test, ten-day test, monthly test and Spring-Autumn test in the evaluaion. The daily test and ten-day test were evaluated by professors in charge, and the monthly test and Spring-Autumn test were evaluated with the attendance of supervisory officials. The results of the evaluations were reflected in the state examinatins and outstanding examinees were given the privilege of taking the main examination exempted from the examinations. Nine Lecture Rooms inteded to teach Confucianism step by step (大鶴→論語→孟子→中庸詩經→書經→禮記→春秋→周易) and togive the chance for those who were admitted into the Yi-King room to take the main examin-ations exempted from the preliminary examinations. The abovementioned system was to encourage students to be faithful to their schol education. The attendance system was effective in bringing students into Seong-Kyun-Kwan by providing the right to taking the state examinations for those who optained full 300 day attendance. Those afore-mentioned educational policy was strengthened to such an extent that students were brought to public schools and devoted to school education. Therefore the intensified functin for the preparation of state examinations at the early stage of public schools was trans-formed into the intensified educational function by degrees. The later was caused by the fact that public education did not conform to the contents of state examinations was found an increasing number of students who broke laws, ethical codes, indulged in luxury and slanderded their teachers. Therefore the government tried to mold academic atmosphere of public school by fortifying the disciplinary punishments such as whipping, flogging, dismissing, depriving the right of state examinations and recuriting to the army. However law-breaing on the part of the students was not decreasing. The government attempted to decrease students misdeeds: one was to intensify school regulaitons and the other was the emergence of school discipline. Thus by treating students misdeeds within school regulations instesad of penal laws educational function of public schools was intensified in parallel with maintaining educational independence and increasing the status of students. On the other hand, in accordance with the intensification of school regulations, there was a tendencey for the students to seek out private schools in free atmosphere. Therefore the writer believe that it created a motivation for Seo-Weon to prosper in every corner of the country in later day.
국산 및 외국산 수종의 열수추출물이 시멘트경화에 미치는 영향에 대한 박층크로마토그래피적 분석
서신석 한국목재공학회 1993 목재공학 Vol.21 No.2
Hot water extractives of sawdust/particle from domestic and foreign wood species, which were composed of pitch pine, Korean pine, larch, Italy poplar, acacia and oak as Korean wood species, Malaysian oil palm and German spruce were quantitatively analyzed with thin layer chromatography. Sugar components of saccharose, galactose, glucose, fructose and arabinose were contained in these wood species. It was assumed that arabinose and glucose are major inhibitory components against cement hardening in larch and oil palm, respectively, since both species contain a large amount of each sugar, In contrast, fructose might not influence so badly on a cement hardening, when. considering that fructose was contained much in Italy poplar with a good cement hardening character. Galactose was a minor component.