Aminoglycoside susceptibility and genetic characterization of Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica isolated from pet turtles

사브리나 호세인,B.C.J. De Silva,S.H.M.P. Wimalasena,H.N.K.S. Pathirana,허강준 한국동물위생학회 2017 韓國家畜衛生學會誌 Vol.40 No.1

Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica is a common microbial flora in pet turtles, which could opportunisti-cally become pathogenic to human. Their possession of aminoglycoside resistance genes has important significance both in humans and animal medicine. In this study, twenty-one Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica were isolated from thirty-five individual turtles purchased from pet shops and online markets in Korea. In order to characterize the aminoglycoside susceptibility patterns, antimicrobial susceptibility tests were performed against gentamicin, amikacin and kanamycin of aminoglycoside antimicrobial group. Each of the isolates showed susceptibility to all tested aminoglycosides in disk diffusion and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) tests. PCR assay was carried out to determine aminoglycoside resistance genes, integron and integron mediated aminoglycoside genes. None of the isolates showed aac(3)-IIa, aac-(6′)-Ib, armA, aphAI-IAB aminoglycoside resistance genes. Only, five isolates (24%) har-bored class 1 integron related IntI1 integrase gene. The results suggest that Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica strains isolated from pet turtles are less resistance to aminoglycosides and don’t harbor any aminoglycosides resistance genes.

[번역문] 추도와 경고

사브리나 드 터크,정연심(토론자) 서양미술사학회 2011 서양미술사학회논문집 Vol.35 No.-

Antibacterial activity of essential oil from lavender (Lavandula angustifolia) against pet turtle-borne pathogenic bacteria

사브리나 호세인,허홍회,B.C.J. De Silva,S.H.M.P. Wimalasena,H.N.K.S. Pathirana,허강준 한국실험동물학회 2017 Laboratory Animal Research Vol.33 No.3

Pet turtles are well-known to harbor an array of bacterial pathogens which can cause zoonotic infections in humans as well as opportunistic infections in the turtles itself. Essential oils are the natural plant extracts which have been traditionally used for disease treatment. In the present study, the essential oil of lavender (EOL) was examined for its antibacterial activity against thirty-eight strains of turtle-borne pathogenic bacteria belonging to seven species; Aeromonas hydrophila, A. caviae, A. dhakensis, Citrobacter freundii, Proteus mirabilis, Salmonella enterica and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Antibacterial activity of EOL was tested by means of disk diffusion, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) tests. In addition, the antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of 11 commonly used antimicrobials was examined and the multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR) index was calculated. The results revealed that EOL was active against all tested turtle-borne pathogenic bacteria except P. aeruginosa. The range of MIC and MBC values of EOL against isolates except P. aeruginosa were recorded as 0.5-1% (V/V) and 0.5-2% (V/V), respectively. The MBC/MIC ratio was detected as <4, revealing that the tested EOL was bactericidal. Besides, most of the isolates were resistant to different antimicrobials in antimicrobial disk diffusion test. MAR index values of the tested strains were ranging from 0.27 to 0.91. The outcomes indicate that EOL has a potential to be used as an antibacterial agent against pathogenic bacteria isolated from pet turtles.

Commemoration and Caution

Sabrina DeTurk(사브리나 드 터크) 서양미술사학회 2011 서양미술사학회논문집 Vol.35 No.-

In June 2007, the editors of the journal October circulated a questionnaire among artists, writers, academics, curators and critics. The questionnaire’s purpose was to ask these arts professionals “how they would begin to evaluate and explain the seeming absence of visible opposition to the Iraq War … within the milieu of cultural producers working in the sphere of visual culture.”1) The questionnaire consisted of six groups of questions, including the following:

Hip Hop Culture, Subculture, and the Social and Cultural Implications

Sabrina Gerke(게르케 사브리나),Seon-Gi Baek(백선기) 한국콘텐츠학회 2017 한국콘텐츠학회논문지 Vol.17 No.6

일반적으로 사람들은 자신들이 갖는 국적에 따라 분류되지만, 각 개인의 문화적 경향은 반드시 자신들이 속한 국적에 의해 결정되지 않는다. 오히려 하나의 문화적 배경을 가진 사람이라 하더라도 자신이 속한 하위문화에 따라 자신의 정체성과 다양성이 형성된다. 본 연구는 힙합 장르 노래에 대한 분석을 통해 미국, 독일, 한국의 하위문화적 속성을 밝혔다. 이를 위해 음원 판매액과 힙합의 역사에 관한 기존 연구를 토대로 각 국가에서 힙합이라는 장르가 출현한 시점 및 2016년의 가장 인기 있었던 노래를 각각 한 곡씩 총 여섯곡을 선정해 기호학적으로 분석했다. 국가별 힙합의 초기 및 현재 모습에 대한 비교 분석결과, 흥미롭게도 힙합은 대상에 대한 묘사에 있어 점점 유사해져 가는 동시에, 더욱 개인주의적 경향을 띠고 있음을 공통적으로 지니고 있다. 그러나 세부적인 측면에서 각 국가 간 차이가 발견되었다. 미국 힙합에서는 대표적으로 아메리칸 드림(American Dream)에 대한 열망이 드러났으며, 독일의 힙합에서는 과도한 남성성 이미지가 강조되었다. 한편, 한국 힙합은 보다 일상적인 생각과 이야기를 중심으로 전개되는 양상을 띠었다. 나아가 비록 사회 비판의 도구로서 힙합이 갖는 중요도가 점차 감소하고는 있지만, 여전히 힙합은 강력한 문화적 반항이자 새로운 도전의 상징으로 인식되고 있다. People are most commonly divided by their nationality, but that does not mean they share the same culture. Even for people from one cultural background, subcultures play an important role for diversity and identity, and popular music is one way to express them. This study analyzed 6 songs of the Hip Hop genre from the US, Germany and South Korea, with one song each from the time of first emergence of the term ‘Hip Hop’ and one song each from 2016, selected on the basis of popularity indicated by music record sales and specialist literature on the history of Hip Hop. Through semiotic analysis of early and recent Hip Hop in each country, the changes in popular Hip Hop over time were examined. The results of this study show that through standardization, Hip Hop in the three countries has superficially become more similar and more focused on the individual, but on a detailed level shows significant differences: while U.S. Hip Hop refers to the American Dream, German Hip Hop displays an extreme image of masculinity, and Korean Hip Hop deals with private thoughts. Although popular Hip Hop nowadays does not explicitly exercise social criticism it is still ascribed the symbolic significance of a rebellious and revolutionary cultural practice that can be used to criticize and change culture as well as society.

Investigation of Photovoltaic Properties of Polymer Solar Cells with Fluorene-based Polyelectrolytes as the Interlayer

Junho Lee(이준호),Sabrina Aufar Salma(사브리나 아우파 살마),Mijin Jeong(정미진),Joo Hyun Kim(김주현) 한국고분자학회 2021 폴리머 Vol.45 No.1

고분자의 주사슬 구조가 광전 특성에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지에 관하여 조사하기 위해 고분자 전해질, 6,6"-(2-phenyl-9H-fluorene-9,9-diyl)bis(N,N,N-trimethylhexan-1-aminium) bromide(PFB-Br), 6,6"-(2-(thiophen-2-yl)-9Hfluorene-9,9-diyl)bis(N,N,N-trimethylhexan-1-aminium) bromide(PFT-Br), 6,6"-(2-([2,2"-bithiophen]-5-yl)-9H-fluorene-9,9-diyl)bis(N,N,N-trimethylhexan-1-aminium) bromide(PF2T-Br)을 합성하여 유기 태양광 소자의 중간층으로 도입하였다. 이온성 곁사슬은 스핀 코팅 과정 도중에 ZnO와 상호 작용으로 인해 ZnO 표면으로 자발적으로 배향되며, 주사슬은 반대 방향으로 재배열된다. 고분자 전해질의 재배열로 인해 소자에서 일정한 배향을 가지는 영구 쌍극자가 형성됨으로써, 추가적인 내부 자기장이 형성된다. 주사슬에 도입된 벤젠에 비해 높은 전자 밀도를 가지는 thiophene과 bithiophene에 의해 서로 다른 전자친화도를 가지게 되어 PFT-Br, PF2T-Br의 전자 전달이 방해되고 PFB-Br에 비하여 더 낮은 전력 변환 효율을 나타냄을 확인하였다. A series of conjugated polyelectrolytes (CPEs) based on fluorene named 6,6"-(2-phenyl-9H-fluorene-9,9-diyl)bis(N,N,N-trimethylhexan-1-aminium) bromide (PFB-Br), 6,6"-(2-(thiophene-2-yl)-9H-fluorene-9,9-diyl)bis(N,N,Ntrimethylhexan-1-aminium) bromide (PFT-Br), and 6,6"-(2-([2,2"-bithiophen]-5-yl)-9H-fluorene-9,9-diyl)bis(N,N,Ntrimethylhexan-1-aminium) bromide (PF2T-Br) were synthesized and applied as the interlayer to investigate how the backbone structure influence the photovoltaic properties. The ionic functionality of CPE accumulates on the ZnO surface, owing to the existing interactions between the ionic groups and the ZnO. The CPE backbone is shifted toward the ZnO surface. Thus, there is a formation of interface dipole via the re-organization of the ionic side chains and hydrophobic backbone. However, incorporation of the electron-rich moiety, thiophene, or bithiophene, in the polymer backbone interfere with the electron transport at the cathode interface. As a result, the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of polymer with thiophene and bithiophene backbone structure was decreased compare with PFB-Br, which has electron-affinity property than PFT-Br, and PF2T-Br.

Quinolone susceptibility and genetic characterization of Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica isolated from pet turtles

B.C.J. De Silva,사브리나 호세인,S.H.M.P. Wimalasena,H.N.K.S. Pathirana,Mitchell Wendt,허강준 한국실험동물학회 2017 Laboratory Animal Research Vol.33 No.2

Turtle-borne Salmonella enterica owns significance as a leading cause in human salmonellosis. The current study aimed to determine the quinolone susceptibility and the genetic characteristics of 21 strains of S. enterica subsp. enterica isolated from pet turtles. Susceptibility of four antimicrobials including nalidixic acid, ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin, and levofloxacin was examined in disk diffusion and MIC tests where the majority of the isolates were susceptible to all tested quinolones. In genetic characterization, none of the isolates were positive for qnr or aac(6’)-Ib genes and no any target site mutations could be detected in gyrA, gyrB, and parC quinolone resistance determining regions (QRDR). In addition, neighborjoining phylogenetic tree derived using gyrA gene sequences exhibited two distinct clads comprising; first, current study isolates, and second, quinolone-resistant isolates of human and animal origin. All results suggest that studied strains of S. enterica subsp. enterica isolated from pet turtles are susceptible to quinolones and genetically more conserved with regards to gyrA gene region.

Antimicrobial property of lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus) oil against pathogenic bacteria isolated from pet turtles

B.C.J. De Silva,정원기,사브리나 호세인,S.H.M.P. Wimalasena,H.N.K.S. Pathirana,허강준 한국실험동물학회 2017 Laboratory Animal Research Vol.33 No.2

The usage of essential oils as antimicrobial agents is gaining attention. Besides, pet turtles were known to harbor a range of pathogenic bacteria while the turtle keeping is a growing trend worldwide.The current study examined the antimicrobial activity of lemon grass oil (LGO) against seven species of Gram negative bacteria namely; Aeromonas hydrophila, A. caviae, Citrobacter freundii, Salmonella enterica, Edwardsiella tarda, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Proteus mirabilis isolated from three popular species of pet turtles. Along with the results of disc diffusion, minimum inhibitory and minimum bactericidal concentration (MIC and MBC) tests, LGO was detected as effective against 6 species of bacteria excluding P. aeruginosa. MIC of LGO for the strains except P. aeruginosa ranged from 0.016 to 0.5% (V/V). The lowest MIC recorded in the E. tarda strain followed by A. hydrophilla, C. freundii, P. mirabilis, and S. enterica. Interestingly, all the bacterial species except E. tarda were showing high multiple antimicrobial resistance (MAR) index values ranging from 0.36 to 0.91 upon the 11 antibiotics tested although they were sensitive to LGO.

렌더만 하우스 리노베이션

마틴 루서(Martin Reusser),보리스 에글리(Boris Egli),마커스 뮐러(Markus Muller),프랭크 셰퍼(Frank Schafer),사브리나 셰자(사진) 현대건축사 2016 (월간)Maru Vol.- No.172

렌더만 하우스 리노베이션

마틴 루서(Martin Reusser),보리스 에글리(Boris Egli),마커스 뮐러(Markus Muller),프랭크 셰퍼(Frank Schafer),사브리나 셰자(사진) 현대건축사 2016 마루 Vol.- No.172