분만통증 관련 간호요구에 대한 내용분석

백설향,여정희 여성건강간호학회 2001 여성건강간호학회지 Vol.7 No.4

The purpose of this study was to explore nursing needs during labor pain that had been suffered by women who have given birth. It is essential to identify the nursing needs in order to solve nursing problems and to provide better care for the parturients. The sample consisted of 20 women of primiparas and 17 women of multiparas. They underwent normal labor and delivered a healthy baby at term. The data had been collected through the unstructured interviews conducted 1-2 days after delivery in the admission room from March 1998 to March 1999. On average, the interviews lasted for about 30 minutes. Interviews were taken with the consent of the subjects. The data are categorized according to the similarities of their contents. Seventeen subordinate categories and six superordinate categories have been identified. Six superordinate categories are : 1) physical nursing needs 2) nursing needs of medical behavior 3) emotional nursing needs 4) informational and teaching nursing needs 5) nursing needs of pain control 6) nursing needs of respect(personality). Seventeen subordinate categories include: comfortable posture, touch, professional knowledge and techniques, duty execution, support, company and talk, stable surroundings, reassurance, information on delivery, explanation of medical behavior, information on surroundings, instruction on the case of pain, arbitrary adjustment, artificial adjustment, respect, interest and reflection of opinions. The result of this research is the same as that of foreign research and the items of the questionnaire in Korea are the same as the foreign one. Despite the same result, however, this dissertation is significant in that the research identifies the parturients' nursing needs and classified the data and thus the basis has been formed to develop the tools to assess the nursing needs of the Korean parturients. The findings can be used as the guide for nursing intervention of parturients.

신체활동이 소아비만에 미치는 영향

백설향 대한비만학회 2008 The Korean journal of obesity Vol.17 No.2

오늘날 어린이들은 매일 학교 수업 및 과외 학원, 학습지나 숙제 등과 같은 학업 관련 활동으로 시간을 보내며, 여가시간을 이용해 텔레비전 시청이나 컴퓨터 게임을 하는 등 대부분의 시간을 좌식 생활(sedentary activity) 위주로 보내고 있다. 정상체중아에 비해, 비만아들은 운동을 자주 하고, 운동 개인 교습을 받는 경우도 많으나, 운동의 강도나 지속성이 만족스럽지 않을 뿐만 아니라, 체육활동에 대한 선호도나 적극성도 낮은 것으로 보고된다. 이에 반해 하루 2시간 이상 TV나 컴퓨터 사용을 하는 비율은 높다. 그러나, 신체 활동량을 증가시키면 비만이 개선되며, 좌식 생활 양을 줄이면 여러 기전을 통해 체중 감량 효과를 얻을 수 있다. 그러므로, 학교나 가정은 어린이가 좋아하는 운동을 즐겁게 지속해 나갈 수 있도록 계기를 마련하고, 부모가 함께 자녀와 같이 신체 활동을 증진하는 것이 바람직하다.

제대 혈액 단핵세포와 초유 대식세포의 세포형태학적 분화

백설향 東國大學校 1999 東國論叢 Vol.38 No.-

In newborns, subnormal monocytes' immune function is associated with diminished production of its cytokines and immature cellular morphology. Maternal colostral macrophages are of particular interest because of well-known immunomodulating effects on newborns by breast feeding. Despite an apparent meaning of cellular immuno0morphology, litter information is known about these cells. Based on these findings, it may be important to compare morphologic heterogeneties of them. After stimulated with LPS and/or IFN-γ, the cord blood monocytes and colostral macrophages were fixed and stained with glutaraldehyde and osmium tetroxide as previously described for examining their intra- and extra-cellular structures by transmission electron microscopy. All data were expressed as means ± SD. The means of each variable in each group were assessed by one-way analysis of variance, with post hoc testing performed by the Ducann's multiple range test. The results and conclusions are as below.: Both cord blood monocytes and colotral macrophages were able to differentiate their morphologies in response to LPS (p=.000). IFN-γ also enhanced LPS-induced morphologic changes. Unstimulated cells were characterized by their small perimeters. But, after stimulated with LPS & IFN-γ, cord blood monocytes and colostral macrophages were significantly market by their large size, N/C ratio, numers of granule and abundant intracellular amorphous material(p=.000). In all experimental conditions, significantly lower cellular differentiation was found in the cord blood monocyte compared with that of colostrum (p=.000). In conclusion, colostral macrophages differ morphologically and that these morphologic differences may associate with the known functional differences, compared with cord blood monocytes.

Candida albicans mannoproteins 자극에 의한 저출생체중아와 만삭아 제대혈액 단핵구의 TNF-α 생산

백설향,김우경,정초록 동국대학교 경주대학 1998 東國論集 Vol.17 No.2

Background : Opportunistic fungal infections of low birth weight infants(LBWI) remains a significant cause of morbidity and mortality. Concerning infantile infections, Tumor Necrosis Factor(TNF)-α production by C.albicans may be important to consider in clinical circumstances relating to candidaemia and/or candida septicemia. TNF-α/cachentin that has multiple immunologic and inflammatory functions is produced by monocytes and macrophages, and its sunnormal production by term infants(TI) and LBWI may be related to the their immunosusceptibilities. Methods : This study examined the production of TNF-α by cord blood monocytes from LBWI and TI stimulated with manoproteins from Candida albicans(MCA). In briefly, supernatants of monocytes cultures with MCA possessed TNF-α-mediated cytotoxicity against the L929 fibroblasts, as measured in the modified MTT colorimetric assay. Data were analyzed by Student t test or analysis of variance(Scheffe's post-hoc test). Results : 1) TNF-α production was no dectectable with the supernatants of monocyes from either LBWI or TI at 6 hr after MCA stumulated. 2) TNF-α production by LBWI was significantly less than that from monocytes of either TI or adult group at 18 hr(p=.000). 3) After 18 hr incubation with MCA, TNF-α production by monocytes of TI and LBWI reached at highest level, but significantly less than that of adult group at the same time(p=.000). 4) For the both infants groups, TNF-α production was significantly decreased after 24 hr(p=.000), compared with its production by adult group was continuously elevated, but without significance (p >.05). Conclusions : These results suggested that MCA were strong inducer of the TNF-α and given the multifactorial biologic activities of TNF-α, the decreased secretion of TNF-α from LBWI and TI may be significant in describing mechanisms for the increased susceptibility of them to the antigens such as MCA. And, these data suggest an important involvement of TNF-α in the infectious immunity induced by MCA.

여대생 체중유지자들의 일상 생활 습관 분석

백설향(Seol Hyang Baek),김은정(Eun Jeong Kim) 대한지역사회영양학회 2007 대한지역사회영양학회지 Vol.12 No.2

Since the 1980`s, despite the conclusion of a number of studies in Western countries focusing upon weight maintenance there has been no similar research in Korea which takes into account the contrasts of culture and eating habits between east and west. In order to identify eating, snacking and exercise behaviors, 24 female university students who have maintained weight for at least a year were enrolled for an 11 day study. Participants were required to sign into the program and complete the questionnaire, answering questions by concerning what they ate and did everyday. After excluding unanswered questions, data over 11 days were exported into the Microsoft Excel spreadsheet, then both ANOVA and Kendall`s tau correlation were applied with SPSS. 75% of weight maintainers had normal BMI (18 - 23.5) in relation to Korean standard, and appeared to eat a main meal smaller than moderate in portion size. Only two days showed that amount of breakfast eaten negatively correlated with lunch (p < 0.05), while no correlations between amounts of lunch and dinner eaten over all study period. Compared with breakfast or lunch, dinner was usually larger in portion size, but some variables such as TV viewing, restaurant meals, number of people at dinner table seemed not correlated with amount of dinner eaten. In addition, the weight-maintainers reported they rarely consumed snacks or sweetened beverages. Unlike their western counterparts, few participants reported that they took part in regular exercise during the day, which may lead us to the conclusion that these young female weight maintainers seem to maintain their weight with eating behaviours such as ``eat small portion``, ``avoid snacking`` and ``avoid soft drinks`` rather than doing regular exercise. The study did not include a control group, and was foreshortened due to technical difficulties so it may be necessary to repeat the study while considering these two points. (Korean J Community Nutrition 12(2) : 150~159, 2007)

여대생의 바람직한 식습관과 정상체중의 유지

백설향(Seol Hyang Baek) 대한지역사회영양학회 2009 대한지역사회영양학회지 Vol.14 No.3

In order to investigate how to maintain normal weight under independent living conditions, twenty female university students were enrolled and asked to complete a questionnaire over a 10-day study period. T-test, Spearman`s correlation and multiple regression analysis were applied to describe characteristics of weight maintainers` habits on a daily basis. The results were as follows: They always comsumed small or moderate-sized meals. 2~3 co-eaters usually had dinner together at home while not watching TV. They also showed healthy eating behaviors such as no snacking, very little amounts of soft drinks, coffee and alcohol consumption. The always normal weight maintainers, however, were not physically active at all. When being with co-eater(s), they ate larger-sized dinners (β=0.585, R2=30.6), and the more co-eaters they had at the dinner table, the greater BMI they got (β=0.547, R2=29.9). As a result of this study, encouraging young adult people to exercise on a regular basis is required, even though they seem to succeed in maintaining normal weight without being active physically. Further study is necessary to investigate how co-eaters would influence the amount of food eaten. (Korean J Community Nutrition 14(3):295~305, 2009)

간호대학생의 죽음에 대한 의식 변화 연구

백설향(Baek Seol-Hyang),이미애(Lee Mi-Aie),김인홍(Kim In-Hong) 기본간호학회 2001 기본간호학회지 Vol.8 No.3

건강체중아 및 비만아의 체중조절 경험, 식습관, 운동습관 및 자아존중감 비교

백설향(Seol Hyang Baek),여정희(Jung Hee Yeo) 대한지역사회영양학회 2006 대한지역사회영양학회지 Vol.11 No.5

The study compared eating and physical activity related behaviors and self-esteem between healthy weight and obese children by presenting 175 primary school students in Busan City and Gyeongsang province with a self-reported questionnaire and Coopersmith`s self-esteem inventory. The questionnaire was composed of 25 items, weighted primarily by a Likert scale. The self-esteem inventory presented to the students comprised 25 Yes or No response questions to different statements. The study found obese children were more likely to think they always had to control their weight (p = 0.000), reportedly measuring their weights significantly more than the healthy weight children. Also the study found that obese children are significantly more likely than healthy weight children to go on a diet, however neither group were successful in losing weight as the duration of the diet in 79.5% of the total sample lasted no longer than one week. In comparison to healthy weight children, obese children reported that they consumed fewer snacks during the day, avoided snacking subsequent to an evening meal and exercised more frequently for as long as physically possible. Interestingly, we found no difference of reported self-esteem between groups, though the obese group were more likely to answer that their parents did not understand them (p = 0.055). Based on these findings, we concluded that the obese children who participated in the study were more aware of their body weights than the healthy weights children. It may be necessary to investigate further the relationship between self-esteem and participants` weights while considering other variables such as personality and body image. (Korean J Community Nutrition 11(5) : 562 ~ 574, 2006)

대학생들의 체중 변화와 관련된 식행동 및 운동 행동 특성

백설향(Seol Hyang Baek),김은정(Eun Jeong Kim) 대한지역사회영양학회 2009 대한지역사회영양학회지 Vol.14 No.4

비만어린이와 정상체중 어린이의 행동 특성에 관한 문헌적 고찰

백설향(Seol Hyang Baek) 대한지역사회영양학회 2008 대한지역사회영양학회지 Vol.13 No.3

Since obesity has been a crucial issue regarding children`s health in Korea, numerous studies have been conducted. However, it is difficult to locate studies that can help researchers and/or medical professionals who want to study behavioral differences between obese and normal weight (non-obese) children. The collected literature about obese childrens behaviors were accumulated by performing ``key word`` searches from several web engines: ``obesity`` ‘children obesity`` ``behavior`` ``habit`` ``eating behavior or habit` ``exercise`` ``physical activity`` and ``daily behavior``. The information was extracted and the behaviors were reviewed utilizing 30 papers that revealed any differences from normal weight children with at least p .05 level of significance. According to those studies, the obese children tended to skip meals more often as a method of losing weight. They also have an increased appetite, eat larger portions and rarely leave food on their plates. The obese children prefer to eat high fat, high calorie foods and eat faster than their normal weight counterparts. Also, the children usually eat alone and eat at irregular meal times. Beside the behaviors related to the standard three meals a day, obese children have high preferences for snacking. The children reported that with pocket money they usually eat certain types of snacks without parent approval. The children stated that they exercise more on a regular basis. However, when asked about their participation they were not likely to engage actively. Meanwhile, they tend to spend free time doing sedentary activities such as watching TV or playing on the computer. Since these studies used self -reported questionnaires with a small sample, size there may be difficulty in forming a basis about obese children`s behaviors. Nevertheless, these findings are in accordance with other studies conducted in local as well as western countries. In conclusion, obese children have different daily behaviors or routines from normal weight children. It is recommended that altering these behavioral patterns to match those of normal weight children should be encouraged.