건강보험자료를 이용한 12세 미만 소아에서 코데인 처방양상평가

박효주,신한나,신주영 한국임상약학회 2016 한국임상약학회지 Vol.26 No.1

건강보험자료를 이용한 12세 미만 소아에서 코데인 처방양상평가

박효주,신한나,신주영 한국임상약학회 2015 한국임상약학회지 Vol.25 No.4

Objective: Codeine may result in death or respiratory depression in children, particularly who are rapid metabolizer of CYP2D6, therefore it should be used cautiously among children under 12 years of age. This study was to investigate the prescribing pattern of codeine among children according to the age group, prescribed diagnosis, type of medical service and medical specialties. Method: We used Korea Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service-National Patient Sample (HIRA-NPS) database. Study subjects included inpatients or outpatients, who were prescribed codeine between January, 1, 2011 and December, 31, 2011. Contraindicated use of codeine was defined as the use of codeine at least one times under aged 12. Age groups were subclassified according to the <2 years, 2-4 years, 5-8 years, and 9-11 years. Frequently prescribed diagnosis (ICD-10), type of medical service, and medical specialties were also described among codeine users under aged 12. Results: Codeine users were 6,411 inpatients (9,958 prescriptions), and 3,397 outpatients (6,258 prescriptions), respectively. Codeine prescription under 12 years of age were 2.1% (210 prescriptions) among inpatients, and 12.3% (776 prescriptions) among outpatients (p-value<0.05). Outpatient prescriptions of codeine under 12 aged were issued mostly from primary care clinics and frequent diagnosis were unspecified bronchopneumonia (51.6%), and vasomotor rhinitis (23.7%). Conclusion: This study found prescribing of codeine under 12 aged is common in outpatient and primary clinics. Nationwide and community-based efforts should be needed to reduce inappropriate prescribing among children.

관계형 데이터베이스 워크로드 분석을 통한 NoSQL 시스템 추천

박효주,고은정,이기훈 한국정보과학회 2017 데이타베이스 연구 Vol.33 No.3

Big data is difficult to process using Relational Database Management Systems (RDBMSs), and NoSQL has emerged to effectively process big data. Many enterprises plan to migrate their databases from RDBMS to NoSQL. Because there are so many NoSQL systems, it takes a lot of time and cost to evaluate which NoSQL system is appropriate for a given RDB workload. In this paper, we propose a system that recommends NoSQL systems based on RDB workload analysis. The proposed system generates training data by combining performance evaluation results for NoSQL systems and RDB workload data. We evaluate the proposed system using various machine learning classifiers. Experimental results show that for unlearned workload types, the LDA+SVM classifier achieves the highest accuracy of 82.36%. For learned workload types, the Decision Tree classifier achieves the highest accuracy of 96.53%. 관계형 데이터베이스 관리 시스템(RDBMS)으로 처리하기 어려운 규모의 빅데이터를 효과적으로 처리할 수 있는 NoSQL이 등장하였으며, 많은 기업들이 자사의 데이터베이스를 RDBMS에서 NoSQL로 마이그레이션 하고자 한다. 그러나 다양한 NoSQL 시스템들이 존재하기 때문에 주어진 RDB 워크로드에 어떤 NoSQL 시스템이 적합한지를 평가하는 데 많은 시간과 비용이 소요된다. 본 논문에서는 관계형 데이터베이스(RDB)의 워크로드를 분석하여 적합한 NoSQL을 추천해주는 시스템을 제안한다. 제안하는 시스템은 NoSQL 성능 평가 결과와 RDB 워크로드 데이터를 결합하여 학습 데이터를 생성한다. 다양한 기계학습 분류기를 적용하여 제안한 NoSQL 추천 시스템의 정확도를 측정한 결과, 사전에 학습되지 않은 워크로드 유형을 사용하여 테스트하였을때는 LDA+SVM 분류기가 82.36%, 학습된 워크로드 유형을 사용하여 테스트하였을 때는 Decision Tree 분류기가 96.53%의 가장 높은 정확도를 보였다.

이란 발효 유제품에서 분리한 유산균의 특성

박효주,박동준,오세종 한국낙농식품응용생물학회 2023 Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology (JMSB) Vol.41 No.4

This study aimed to identify lactic acid bacteria isolated from eight fermented milk products in Iran. We enumerated Lactobacillus species using De Man-Rogosa-Sharpe (MRS)-maltose and MRS agar with pH adjusted to 5.2, as well as assessment at 37℃ for 48 hr, studied Streptococcus spp. using M17 agar at 43℃ for 24 hr, and assessed Bifidobacterium species using nalidixic acid, paromomycin sulfate, neomycin sulfate, and lithium chloride (BL-NPNL) agar at 37℃ for 48 hr. The total viable Streptococcus spp. cell in fermented milk varied at 4.73–8.83 log CFU/mL. However, Bifidobacterium spp. were not detected in any of the tested samples. Lactobacilli were not detected in four of the eight samples, and viable Lactobacilli cells in the remaining four samples ranged 2.48–3.85 log CFU/mL. The pH of the tested samples ranged 3.53–4.19, and soluble solids (Brix measure- ment) ranged 7.5%–17.9%. A total of 130 isolates of gram-positive catalase-positive bacteria were characterized at the species level using 16S rRNA sequencing. Sequence analysis identified six species: Streptococcus thermophilus, Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. sunkii, Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. indicus, Lactiplantibacillus plantarum, Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus, and Levilactobacillus brevis

업사이클링 디자인 특성에 따른 패션디자인 연구

박효주,김경희 한국니트디자인학회 2018 패션과 니트 Vol.16 No.1

This study is significant in contributing to the field of fashion that expects to create creative and new fashion styles by analyzing examples of up-cycling fashion designs and examining design characteristics. Ultimately, the nation has shown that it is possible to develop an up-cycling design, a shift in consumers , perception of the environment, and, by extension, a creative alternative to environmental issues. Summary of the results of the study is as follows. The study identified cases of domestic and foreign up-cycling brands in terms of environmental, semantic, economic, functional, design aspect, storytelling properties, and therefore were possible. The challenge of applying long and elaborate handicraft tasks beyond the recycling of simple resources, and expressing the message of resource circulation and human communication, is the ongoing task of creating high-value products. Therefore, not only the up-cycling community or the brand, but also the product planning of the fashion brand, can apply the important theme of an up-cycling and make a lot of effort to develop and recycle resources.

암환자의 항응고약물 치료에 있어서 항응고약물 상담(Anticoagulation service, ACS) 효과 평가

박효주,전혜영,장혜경,인용원,이영미 한국병원약사회 2015 病院藥師會誌 Vol.32 No.3

Thromboembolic events such as deep vein thrombosis(DVT) and pulmonary thromboembolism( PTE) are common among patients with cancer as a consequence of cancer- and treatmentrelated factors and have an effect on prognosis. Also, these events are the second most frequent cause of death in cancer patients. In 2008, Samsung Medical Center started the Anticoagulation service(ACS) which is a pharmacistmanaged anticoagulation service for cancer patients taking warfarin. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of ACS in patients with cancer. In this retrospective study, patients were first time warfarin users at Samsung Medical Center from March 31, 2010 to March 31, 2013. Each patient was followed up for 6 months after taking warfarin for at least 3 months. Patients were divided into two groups: ACS group(n=61) and non-ACS group (n=23). This study analyzed the baseline characteristics, warfarin indications, cancer types, contributing factors then compared anticoagulation control. The most common cancer type was lung cancer: 40.98%(n=25) of the ACS group and 65.22%(n=15) of the non-ACS group. The most common indications for warfarin in both groups were PTE or DVT. The ACS group spent significantly more time in the therapeutic range(TTR, 25.24±24.13% vs 47.43± 22.20%, p>0.001), as well as in the expanded therapeutic range(TTR within±0.2 units, 39.89±29.81% vs 65.40±22.67%, p=0.001). The percentage of time in the extreme range(INR <1.5 or >4.0) was 37.8 ±35.4% vs 20.5±19.5%(p=0.09). The interval of INR monitoring was 24.2±11.2 days vs 13.0±4.6 days (p<0.001). There was no major bleeding in both groups. The incidence of minor bleeding was 0.926/person-year in the ACS group and 0.815/person-year in the non-ACS group. These findings suggest that ACS group patients managed by pharmacists achieved significantly better INR control compared to non-ACS group patients as measured by the patients’INR values over time. These values remained in the therapeutic and expanded range. Based on the results of this study, collaborative practice using pharmacists and physicians may be an effective model for anticoagulation management for cancer patients.

연리지처럼 다정한 시부모님

박효주,지은아(그림) 샘터사 2018 월간 샘터 Vol.580 No.-

정보화의 명과 암 : 새로운 과제

박효주,양진홍 한국통신학회 2019 정보와 통신 Vol.36 No.4

본고에서는 명실 공히 정보화 강국으로 자리매김한 우리나라가 이룬 눈부신 발전과 더불어 그 부산물로 발생할 수밖에 없는 정보화의 역기능을 방지하기 위한 정책적 노력을 함께 살펴보고자 한다. 특히, 대표적인 정보화 역기능으로써 향후 더욱 발전된 정보화 사회로 나아가기 위해 점점 더 중요성이 커지고 있는 정보보안, 개인정보보호 분야의 발전을 위한 그간의 노력을 알아보고, 앞으로 나아가야 할 방향을 탐색해 본다.

대학 동계스포츠 교양수업의 재미요인이 수업만족 및 지속적 참여의도에 미치는 영향

박효주,전정우 한국체육학회 2015 전국체전기념 한국체육학회 학술발표회 Vol.2015 No.-

항불안약물과 항우울약물의 허가사항 내임신부 안전성정보에 대한 일치도 분석:한국, 미국, 영국, 일본 허가사항을 중심으로

박효주,신주영,김홍아,홍순철,이상열,박병주,박미주,김미희,이신행,신선미 대한정신약물학회 2013 대한정신약물학회지 Vol.24 No.4

Objective Anxiolytics and antidepressants are commonly used to treat depressive disorders in pregnant women. Specific and clear evidence is required when managing pregnant patients with such medications to ensure safety. However, information provided by approval label information is insufficient and often different among many countries. By analyzing label information of approval label and other references, this study aims to show the limitations and suggest appropriate directions for retrieving safety information. Methods We selected five anxiolytics and eleven antidepressants, which belongs to Korea drug classification codes 117 (psychotropic agents). We chose four countries, Korea, the United States of America (USA), the United Kingdom, Japan and collected safety information for pregnant women in label information. We evaluated the safety information based on recommendation level and evidence level. Then, kappa value and overall agreement were calculated using SAS 9.3. to assess data homogeneity. We further searched Reprotox and a textbook about contraindicated drugs in label information. Results Recommendation level and evidence level was different in each country. The number of commonly contraindicated drug in label information of four countries was none, and contraindicated drugs in labels were different respectively. Kappa value of evidence level between label information of Korea and Japan, the USA and Japan was 0.61, 0.43 respectively, corresponding to ‘substantial agreement’ and ‘moderate agreement’. The overall agreement was 75%, 62.5% respectively. The information of label was different from that of other references, Reprotox and a textbook in terms of the clinical evidences and recommendation levels. Conclusion Safety information of anxiolytics and antidepressants in label information needs to be updated on a regular basis both for health professionals and patients. With the implication of the inconsistent guidance for the safety information in pregnant women, reliable safety information in pregnant women would be needed. 임신부에서 우울증 등을 치료하기 위해서는 항우울약물 및 항불안약물의 적절한 사용이 필요하며, 이에 약물치료 전 임신부에 대한 상대적인 안전성정보를 반드시 고려해야 한다. 이처럼 임신부에서 신뢰할만한 안전성정보의 제공이 요구되어 본 연구에서는 한국, 미국, 영국, 일본에 공통으로 허가되어 있는 약물을 대상으로 허가사항 내 안전성정보의 일치도를 분석하였다. 안전성정보를 금기/주의 등 권고수준과 허가사항에 기재된 근거의 수준에 따라서 등급을 분류하여, 국가별로 각 등급에 해당하는 일치도 수준을 kappa 값과 전체 일치도를 이용하여 제시하였다. 국가별로 금기/주의 등 권고수준의 편차가 매우 심하여, 4개국에서 권고수준이 일치하는 성분이 없는 것으로 나타나서, 국가 간 허가사항 내 임신부 안전성정보 기준을 통일하여 표준화할 필요성이 있는 것으로 나타났다. 근거수준의 경우 한국과 일본 간 근거수준에 대한 kappa값이 0.61로 상당히 일치하는 편이였으며, 미국과 일본이 0.43의 kappa값을 보여 중등도로 일치하는 것으로 나타났다. 항불안약물과 항우울약물의 경우 허가사항 내 임신부 안전성정보가 산부인과학 교과서와 의약정보원에 비하여 충실하지 않은 것으로 나타났는데, 특히 메타분석, 코호트연구, 환자-대조군연구 등 임신부에서 최신의 연구결과와 전문가 의견을 반영한 최신의 안전성정보 제공이 필요한 것으로 나타났다.