Cointegration in Urban Research

박헌수 안양대학교 산업기술연구소 1998 自然科學硏究 Vol.5 No.2

In applied urban research many theories or hypotheses are based on the long-run causal relationships, which typically place restrictions between the variables involved over all time domains. The concept of long-run relations is basically a dynamic one, and therefore the natural area is that of time series models. However, in time series models, the causal relations of interest leads to a challenging task which calls for the combining of structural econometric models with time series models into one framework. In this respect, the concept of cointegration plays a central role. This paper discusses why the cointegration concept is important and how it can be utilized in an urban modelling context and suggests some policy implications for applied urban research.

Preparation of Silver/Poly(methyl methacrylate) Nanocomposites by In-Situ Radical Polymerization Using Silver Carbamate Complex

박헌수,박형석,공명선 한국고분자학회 2010 Macromolecular Research Vol.18 No.9

Silver/poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) nanocomposites were synthesized in situ by thermally heating a solution of a silver n-propylcarbamate (Ag-PCB) complex and PMMA/MMA (1/9) in the presence of a radical initiator. Polymerization of the MMA monomers and reduction of the silver ions occurred simultaneously, leading to the formation of Ag/PMMA nanocomposites. The resulting Ag/PMMA nanocomposites were characterized by infrared spectroscopy (IR), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (TEM). TEM showed that the silver nanoparticles with diameters ranging from 5 to 30 nm were well dispersed in the PMMA matrix. Brownish transparent chips of the Ag/PMMA (0.1/99.9) nanocomposites with a particle size and distribution comparable to those of the Ag/PMMA nanocomposites were obtained by in situ reduction and radical polymerization using the silver nanocomposites with the composition, Ag/PMMA (4/96), as a master batch.

폐직관형형광등(LFL)과 폐소형형광등(CFL)의 구성 성분별 수은농도 및 유해특성 비교 검토

박헌수,이승희,최형진,고영근,최용,양희성 한국폐기물자원순환학회 2014 한국폐기물자원순환학회 학술대회 Vol.2014 No.11

국내에서 폐형광등은 수은을 포함한 유해폐기물로 분류되어있으며, 2004년 이후 생산자책임재활용제(Extended Producer Responsibility) 품목으로 지정되어 관리 중이다. 유엔환경계획(UNEP)은 2013년 10월 일본 구마모토에서 수은의 배출량을 줄이기 위한 ‘수은에 관한 미나마타 협약’ 을 발효하였으며 2014년부터 우리나라는 백열전구의 생산, 수입이 전면 금지되었고, 2018년부터 형광램프는 수은을 투입하여 제조하거나 수입하는 것이 금지 될 예정이나 현재는 사용 중인 폐형광등이 지속적으로 발생되어 이에 따른 철저한 관리가 필요한 실정이다. 폐조명기기는 2011년 기준으로 연간 146,000,000개 정도 발생하는 것으로 추정하고 있고 이 중에서 약 37,950,000개가 재활용되고 있어 26% 정도 재활용되고 있으며, 폐직관형형광등(Spent Linear Fluorescent Lamp, SLFL)은 80,300,000개가 발생되어 약 20,872,500개가 재활용되는 것으로 나타났으며 폐소형형광등(Spent Compact Fluorescent Lamp, SCFL)은 14,600,000개 발생되어 약 3,795,000개가 재활용되는 것으로 집계되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 폐직관형형광등(LFL)과 폐소형형광등(CFL)을 파쇄 및 분리하여 배출된 구성성분에 대한 수은 분포를 비교 검토하고자 하였다. 폐형광등 시료는 폐직관형형광등(LFL)과 폐소형형광등(CFL) A, B, C사를 무작위로 10개씩 선택하여 사용하였으며, 실험장치는 회전충격파쇄기(Rotary impact crusher)를 사용하여 파쇄하였다. 구성성분별로 선별된 시료는 DMA-80 수은 분석기를 통해 구성성분별 수은농도를 측정하였다. 또한, 선별 된 시료는 국내용출시험(KET; Korea Extraction Test)과 미국용출시험(TCLP; Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure)으로 분석하였으며, 폐직관형형광등(LFL)과 폐소형형광등(CFL)을 비교하여 유해특성을 평가하였다.

폐 중형 (40인치와 42인치) LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) 제품 해체 후 분리된 유가자원에 대한 분석

박헌수,김용,홍현선,Park, Hun-Su,Kim, Yong,Hong, Hyun Seon 한국자원리싸이클링학회 2016 資源 리싸이클링 Vol.25 No.2

국내 전자 디스플레이 산업의 고도화된 기술과 평판 디스플레이 제품의 글로벌 점유율은 세계 최고 수준이지만 사용 후 버려지는 폐 디스플레이 제품에 대한 재활용 기술 및 재활용 현황은 아직 글로벌 리더 수준에는 못 미치고 있다. 평판 디스플레이 제품의 짧은 순환주기를 고려할 때, 폐 디스플레이 제품의 재자원화는 전 세계적으로 경제와 환경측면에서 이슈가 되고 있다. 본 연구는 향후 폐 LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) 제품 재활용 플랜트에서 활용할 수 있는 재자원화 데이터베이스를 구축하기 위한 기초연구로 40인치와 42인치 크기의 폐 LCD 제품의 분리해체 방법과 해체 모듈과 부품에서 회수 가능한 유용자원의 종류와 구성비를 분석하였다. 폐 LCD 해체 분석결과를 보면 무게비로 플라스틱은 약 22%, PCB (Print Circuit Board)는 약 9%, 패널부는 약 34%, 이 외 금속류를 포함한 기타는 약 35%의 구성비를 가지고 있었다. 본 연구에서 얻어진 폐 LCD 데이터베이스는 폐 제품의 재활용률 향상은 물론 효율적 재자원화를 통한 경제적 해체 공정 시스템을 구축하는데 기여할 것으로 판단된다. Although the generation of waste flat panel displays in Korea is expected to exceed one million sets in 2016, a comprehensive recycling technology has not yet been developed for effective recovery of valuable materials from the wastes, rendering to outshine the national prestige as a global leader in display industries. The overall aim of this study was to analyze the statistical data of various valuable materials and their ratio after dismantling 40-inch and 42-inch sized waste LCDs. The analysis results showed that plastic portion of the wastes was about 22% and the portion of PCB (Print Circuit Board) part was about 9% by weight whereas panel part was about 34% and leftovers including metals totalled about 35% by weight. Based on the analytical results, a higher value recycling process could be proposed with advanced material separation techniques.

지역별 주택의 시장근본가격(market fundamental price)추정에 관한 실증연구

박헌수,김순용 한국주거환경학회 2022 주거환경(한국주거환경학회논문집) Vol.20 No.3

In this study, the market fundamental price of house price was estimated from August 2001 to April 2022 in based on the present value model and compared with the actual house sale price. As a result, First, the pattern of the difference between the actual housing sale price and the market fundamental price of each model was similar in other regions except Incheon, and although it was not exactly the same, it was divided into four periods. Second, The market fundamental price of houses estimated according to the three models showed different volatility by period and region. Third, the estimate of the third model showed less volatility compared to the estimates of other models and closely followed the actual apartment sale price. Fourth, Factors the interest rate and rent growth rate which are factors constituting the market fundamental price had different effects depending on the period.

Discrete Choice Theories in urban planning

박헌수 안양대학교 자연과학연구소 1998 自然科學硏究 Vol.5 No.1

In urban planning, a decision maker (a single individual, a family group, a firm, a public agency, etc.) makes a choice among alternatives which are discrete in nature due to their conflict and mutually exclusiveness. The decision maker's rationality is not perfect but bounded and is intrinsically probabilistic. The lack of information which leads him/her to use probabilistic choice rules justificates probabilistic approach. This paper discusses two major approaches of discrete choice in more detail and provides a potential power framework for analyzing discrete choice situations.

New paradigm in planning

박헌수 안양대학교 자연과학연구소 1997 自然科學硏究 Vol.4 No.-

The scientific view of nature or "paradigm" is drifting toward disorder, instability, diversity, disequilibrium, nonlinearity, and temporality. This paper discusses how useful new paradigm is in planning.

경기도 부동산 데이터베이스 구축실태 파악 및 활용방안에 관한 연구

박헌수,안지아,이정선,김태경 경기연구원 2007 위탁연구 Vol.2007 No.6

확률선택모형에 의한 대구시의 토지이용변화에 대한 실증분석

박헌수,조규영 국토연구원 2008 국토연구 Vol.58 No.-

As an essential part of integrated land use-transport models, prediction of land use changes and illumination of the many factors behind such change are always of interest to planners, policy makers, developers and others. Land use classifications are discrete, and spatial effects are fundamental. For these reasons, new specifications and computational methods are needed. The paper describes the computational methods used for model estimation and application, including likelihood simulation. Using a multinomial logit framework, this paper studies land use changes in Daegu metropolitan area, in 30m×30m pixels. In light of these challenges, this paper randomly samples 2,000 observations for 100 times and estimates a multinomial logit model via maximum likelihood estimation. Lagged variables are key to the model’'s specification and a series of neighborhood variables, computed for each cell in turn, control for population and local development. And uncertainties in predictions are quantified via an entropy statistic. Results indicate that neighborhood characteristics have strong effects on land use change: clustering is significant over space, but high residential densities can impede future development of non-residential land use. As an essential part of integrated land use-transport models, prediction of land use changes and illumination of the many factors behind such change are always of interest to planners, policy makers, developers and others. Land use classifications are discrete, and spatial effects are fundamental. For these reasons, new specifications and computational methods are needed. The paper describes the computational methods used for model estimation and application, including likelihood simulation. Using a multinomial logit framework, this paper studies land use changes in Daegu metropolitan area, in 30m×30m pixels. In light of these challenges, this paper randomly samples 2,000 observations for 100 times and estimates a multinomial logit model via maximum likelihood estimation. Lagged variables are key to the model’'s specification and a series of neighborhood variables, computed for each cell in turn, control for population and local development. And uncertainties in predictions are quantified via an entropy statistic. Results indicate that neighborhood characteristics have strong effects on land use change: clustering is significant over space, but high residential densities can impede future development of non-residential land use.

도시정보시스템 활용현황과 개선방안

박헌수,고준환,류중석,조덕호,이종상,류중희,이강원,염형민,이승일,전유선 대한국토도시계획학회 2001 도시정보 Vol.228 No.-