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최장발성폐기능저하를 동반한 일측성 성대마비 환자에서의 S/Z Ratio와 최장 발성시간(Maximum Phonation Time)의 유용성 비교
박준표,정고은,강병철,김성태,남순열,김상윤,노종렬,최승호,Park, Joon Pyo,Jeong, Go-Eun,Kang, Byung Chul,Kim, Seong-Tae,Nam, Soon Yuhl,Kim, Sang-Yoon,Roh, Jong-Lyel,Choi, Seung-Ho 대한후두음성언어의학회 2012 대한후두음성언어의학회지 Vol.23 No.2
Background and Objectives : MPT is directly related to degree of glottal closure. So it is widely used in the assessment of glottal closure with unilateral vocal fold paralysis. But MPT could be influenced not only by glottal closure but also by pulmonary function. So MPT might not reflect glottal closure in UVFP with decreased pulmonary function. The purpose of the study is to evaluate usefulness of MPT and ratio of /s/ time to /z/ time before and after injection laryngoplasty in UVCP with decreased pulmonary function. Materials and Methods : This study involved 34 patients with unilateral vocal fold paralysis : with decreased pulmonary function in group A (n=15) : with normal pulmonary function in group B (n=19). All patients underwent injection laryngoplasty. Paramters of perceptual analysis, acoustic analysis, aerodynamic analysis, videostroboscopy were compared between two groups. Results : Breathness and asthenic scale, G scale of perceptual analysis were significantly improved in both groups. Glottal gap index were significantly decreased after injection in both groups. In aerodynamic analysis, MPT was improved after injection laryngoplasty in both groups, but S/Z ratio was improved only in group B. In correlation analysis, /s/ time was not correlated with pulmonary function. Conclusion : S/Z ratio reflects neither the pulmonary function nor the glottal clousure properly. MPT is more useful indicator than S/Z ratio to evaluate vocal fold paralysis even with decreased pulmonary function.
Access to Internet, Government Assistance Programs for Taxpayers, and Tax Compliance
박준표 한국재정학회 2019 재정학연구 Vol.12 No.3
This study examines electronic filing adoption behavior for U.S. individual taxpayers. Filing behavior is explained by economic and social characteristics. I utilize the longitudinal state-level individual income tax return data from the IRS DataBook to understand a change in adoption behavior over time. The estimates from pooled ordinary least squares, first differences, and state-level panel analysis suggest that better access to the internet, unemployment rates, poverty, income, age, race groups as well as the government assistance programs all affect the adoption behavior. Imporant policy implications such as improving taxpayer service and providing assistance programs to reduce the costs of tax compliance are discussed.