정유탑의 설계

박종철 한국화학공학회 1968 Korean Chemical Engineering Research(HWAHAK KONGHA Vol.6 No.2

맥류의 흰가루병 저항성 검정을 위한 실내 유묘 대량검정 방법

박종철,박철수,김미정,김양길,이미자,박기훈,노태환 한국식물병리학회 2008 식물병연구 Vol.14 No.3

This study was conducted to develop a easy seedling method to test large amounts of barley and wheat cultivars for resistance of powdery mildew. In addition, we also examined the resistance of genetic resources that have been used in barley and wheat breeding programs in Korea. This seedling test used paper bag with seeds can be completed within three weeks. 10-day seedlings were available to inoculation and 8 days was needed for result reading. This method can test at least 180 collections at one time. we can identify the two resistant types by leave symptoms showed non infection and necrotic spots. Among the 79 Korean barley cultivars, only two cultivar, ‘Sangrokbori’ and ‘Dajinbori’ were resistant and ‘Jejubori’ showed moderate resistant. There was no resistant in hulless barley and wheat cultivars. It was same results in comparison of earlier resistant reports in field test. We confirm that this method could using in test of powdery mildew resistance in barley and wheat. Among the 1,401 genetic resources using in Korean breeding program, malting barley has more resistant collections comparing to 796 hulled and hulless barley and 273 wheat germplasms. This study was conducted to develop a easy seedling method to test large amounts of barley and wheat cultivars for resistance of powdery mildew. In addition, we also examined the resistance of genetic resources that have been used in barley and wheat breeding programs in Korea. This seedling test used paper bag with seeds can be completed within three weeks. 10-day seedlings were available to inoculation and 8 days was needed for result reading. This method can test at least 180 collections at one time. we can identify the two resistant types by leave symptoms showed non infection and necrotic spots. Among the 79 Korean barley cultivars, only two cultivar, ‘Sangrokbori’ and ‘Dajinbori’ were resistant and ‘Jejubori’ showed moderate resistant. There was no resistant in hulless barley and wheat cultivars. It was same results in comparison of earlier resistant reports in field test. We confirm that this method could using in test of powdery mildew resistance in barley and wheat. Among the 1,401 genetic resources using in Korean breeding program, malting barley has more resistant collections comparing to 796 hulled and hulless barley and 273 wheat germplasms.

다이어트 목표수준이 목표달성가능성에 미치는 영향: 목표시점과 실행의도의 조절효과를 중심으로

박종철,정형식,김상훈,김영심 한국소비자·광고심리학회 2014 한국심리학회지 소비자·광고 Vol.15 No.2

This study investigated which motivation factors influenced on diet goal attainability. Different from previous studies, we focused on the effect of goal levels(high vs. low) rather than goal progress levels. Also, we postulate that the goal distance and implementation intentions play an essential moderating role in relationship between goal level and goal attainability. We conducted two studies to support our hypothesis. First, participants rated high goal attainability when the goal level was low(vs. high), the goal distance was far(vs. near) and the implementation intentions were low(vs. high). Also, according to the results of two-way interactions, study 1 revealed that as goal level decreases, consumers tend to evaluate in more positive manner to the goal attainability regardless of goal distance. On the other hand, when goal level was high(vs. low), participants rated high goal attainability of diet when was goal distance was far(vs. near)(H1). In Study 2, we found that the effect of goal level was differed by implementation intentions. According to the result of study 2, even if dieters had high(vs. low) level for diet goal, they rate high goal attainability of diet when implementation intentions were high(vs. low)(H2). Finally, we found that the certainty plays an essential mediating role in relationship between goal level and goal attainability(H3). We may draw several theoretical and practical contributions. Theoretically, we developed a step further in research in goal level and its related studies. 본 연구는 다이어트 맥락에서 다이어트 목표달성가능성에 영향을 미치는 요인을 고찰하고자 하였다. 특히, 본 연구에서는 기존 연구와 다르게 목표달성에 대한 목표달성정도(goal progress level)에 초점을 두지 않고, 자신의 목표수준(goal level)에 따라 다이어트에 대한 목표달성가능성이 달라지는지를 고찰하였다. 나아가 다이어트 목표수준이 목표달성가능성에 영향을 미치는 새로운 조절요인으로 다이어트에 대한 목표시점(연구 1)과 다이어트에 대한 실행의도(연구 2)의 효과를 제시하였다. 두 연구결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 먼저, 응답자들은 다이어트에 대한 목표수준이 높은 경우보다 목표수준이 낮은 경우에 목표달성가능성을 더 높게 지각하였다. 그리고 응답자들은 다이어트 목표시점이 가까운 경우에 비해 먼 경우에 다이어트에 대한 목표달성가능성을 더 높게 지각하였으며, 다이어트에 대한 실행의도가 낮은 경우에 비해 실행의도가 높은 경우, 다이어트에 대한 목표달성가능성을 더 높게 평가하였다. 그리고 목표수준과 목표시점 간의 이원상호작용 효과가 유의하게 나타났다. 구체적으로 감량목표 수준이 낮은 경우에는 목표시점에 관계없이 목표달성가능성을 모두 높게 지각하였으며, 감량목표 수준이 높은 경우에는 목표시점이 가까운 경우에 비해 먼 경우, 다이어트에 대한 목표달성가능성을 모두 높게 지각하였다(가설 1). 또한, 목표수준과 실행의도 간의 이원상호작용 효과가 유의하게 나타났다. 구체적으로 감량목표 수준이 낮은 경우에는 다이어트에 대한 실행의도에 관계없이 목표달성가능성을 모두 높게 지각하였으며, 감량목표 수준이 높은 경우에는 실행의도가 낮은 경우에 비해 실행의도가 높은 경우 다이어트에 대한 목표달성가능성을 높게 지각하였다(가설 2). 끝으로 목표수준이 목표달성가능성에 영향을 미치는데 있어 목표시점과 실행의도의 효과는 목표달성에 대한 확신성에 의해 매개되는 것으로 나타났다(가설 3).

The Effects of Intention Inferences on Scarcity Effect: Moderating Effect of Scarcity Type, Scarcity Depth

박종철,나준희 한국마케팅과학회 2008 마케팅과학연구 Vol.18 No.4

The scarcity is pervasive aspect of human life and is a fundamental precondition of economic behavior of consumers. Also, the effect of scarcity message is a power social influence principle used by marketers to increase the subjective desirability of products. Because valuable objects are often scare, consumers tend to infer the scarce objects are valuable. Marketers often do base promotional appeals on the principle of scarcity to increase the subjective desirability their products among consumers. Specially, advertisers and retailers often promote their products using restrictions. These restriction act to constraint consumers' ability th take advantage of the promotion and can assume several forms. For example, some promotions are advertised as limited time offers, while others limit the quantity that can be bought at the deal price by employing the statements such as ‘limit one per consumer,’ ‘limit 5 per customer,’ ‘limited products for special commemoration celebration,’ Some retailers use statements extensively. A recent weekly flyer by a prominent retailer limited purchase quantities on 50% of the specials advertised on front page. When consumers saw these phrase, they often infer value from the product that has limited availability or is promoted as being scarce. But, the past researchers explored a direct relationship between the purchase quantity and time limit on deal purchase intention. They also don't explored that all restriction message are not created equal. Namely, we thought that different restrictions signal deal value in different ways or different mechanism. Consumers appear to perceive that time limits are used to attract consumers to the brand, while quantity limits are necessary to reduce stockpiling. This suggests other possible differences across restrictions. For example, quantity limits could imply product quality (i.e., this product at this price is so good that purchases must be limited). In contrast, purchase preconditions force the consumer to spend a certain amount to qualify for the deal, which suggests that inferences about the absolute quality of the promoted item would decline from purchase limits (highest quality) to time limits to purchase preconditions (lowest quality). This might be expected to be particularly true for unfamiliar brands. However, a critical but elusive issue in scarcity message research is the impacts of a inferred motives on the promoted scarcity message. The past researchers not explored possibility of inferred motives on the scarcity message context. Despite various type to the quantity limits message, they didn't separated scarcity message among the quantity limits. Therefore, we apply a stricter definition of scarcity message(i.e. quantity limits) and consider scarcity message type(general scarcity message vs. special scarcity message), scarcity depth(high vs. low). The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of the scarcity message on the consumer's purchase intension. Specifically, we investigate the effect of general versus special scarcity messages on the consumer's purchase intention using the level of the scarcity depth as moderators. In other words, we postulates that the scarcity message type and scarcity depth play an essential moderating role in the relationship between the inferred motives and purchase intention. In other worlds, different from the past studies, we examine the interplay between the perceived motives and scarcity type, and between the perceived motives and scarcity depth. Both of these constructs have been examined in isolation, but a key question is whether they interact to produce an effect in reaction to the scarcity message type or scarcity depth increase. The perceived motive Inference behind the scarcity message will have important impact on consumers' reactions to the degree of scarcity depth increase. In relation ti this general question, we investigate the following specific issues. First, does ... The scarcity is pervasive aspect of human life and is a fundamental precondition of economic behavior of consumers. Also, the effect of scarcity message is a power social influence principle used by marketers to increase the subjective desirability of products. Because valuable objects are often scare, consumers tend to infer the scarce objects are valuable. Marketers often do base promotional appeals on the principle of scarcity to increase the subjective desirability their products among consumers. Specially, advertisers and retailers often promote their products using restrictions. These restriction act to constraint consumers' ability th take advantage of the promotion and can assume several forms. For example, some promotions are advertised as limited time offers, while others limit the quantity that can be bought at the deal price by employing the statements such as ‘limit one per consumer,’ ‘limit 5 per customer,’ ‘limited products for special commemoration celebration,’ Some retailers use statements extensively. A recent weekly flyer by a prominent retailer limited purchase quantities on 50% of the specials advertised on front page. When consumers saw these phrase, they often infer value from the product that has limited availability or is promoted as being scarce. But, the past researchers explored a direct relationship between the purchase quantity and time limit on deal purchase intention. They also don't explored that all restriction message are not created equal. Namely, we thought that different restrictions signal deal value in different ways or different mechanism. Consumers appear to perceive that time limits are used to attract consumers to the brand, while quantity limits are necessary to reduce stockpiling. This suggests other possible differences across restrictions. For example, quantity limits could imply product quality (i.e., this product at this price is so good that purchases must be limited). In contrast, purchase preconditions force the consumer to spend a certain amount to qualify for the deal, which suggests that inferences about the absolute quality of the promoted item would decline from purchase limits (highest quality) to time limits to purchase preconditions (lowest quality). This might be expected to be particularly true for unfamiliar brands. However, a critical but elusive issue in scarcity message research is the impacts of a inferred motives on the promoted scarcity message. The past researchers not explored possibility of inferred motives on the scarcity message context. Despite various type to the quantity limits message, they didn't separated scarcity message among the quantity limits. Therefore, we apply a stricter definition of scarcity message(i.e. quantity limits) and consider scarcity message type(general scarcity message vs. special scarcity message), scarcity depth(high vs. low). The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of the scarcity message on the consumer's purchase intension. Specifically, we investigate the effect of general versus special scarcity messages on the consumer's purchase intention using the level of the scarcity depth as moderators. In other words, we postulates that the scarcity message type and scarcity depth play an essential moderating role in the relationship between the inferred motives and purchase intention. In other worlds, different from the past studies, we examine the interplay between the perceived motives and scarcity type, and between the perceived motives and scarcity depth. Both of these constructs have been examined in isolation, but a key question is whether they interact to produce an effect in reaction to the scarcity message type or scarcity depth increase. The perceived motive Inference behind the scarcity message will have important impact on consumers' reactions to the degree of scarcity depth increase. In relation ti this general question, we investigate the following specific issues. First, does consum...

Cohen의 비행하위문화이론에 따른 학교폭력의 개선방안 연구

박종철 한국자치경찰학회 2013 자치경찰연구 Vol.6 No.3

학교폭력은 이미 한국 사회에서 사회문제화되어 학교라는 교육기관에서 홀로 해결할 수 없는 문제가 되었다. 학교폭력으로 인해 스스로 목숨을 끊는 사건이 지속적으로 발생하고 있고 정부의 여러 기관들이 앞 다투어 대책을 내놓고는 있으나 학교폭력은 근절되지 않고 더욱 음성화되고 있다. 학교폭력이 이처럼 사회 적으로 문제가 되는 중요한 이유는 신체적․정신적 성장의 결정적 시기에 있는 청소년들에게 심한 고통을 가함으로써 정상적 발달을 저해함은 물론이고 향후 인생 전반에 걸쳐 치유하기 힘든 상흔을 남기기 때문이다. 지금까지 정부의 학교폭력에 대한 대응은 엄격한 가해자 처벌, CCTV 추가 설치를 통한 사각지대 해소,관련 법률 제정 등 제도적 정비,무책임한 교사의 형사입건 등 범죄를 당한 피해자 입장에서 문제를 신속하게 해결하는 방식이었 다. 그러나 위와 같은 미시적인 접근방식으로는 끊임없이 발생하는 학교폭력을 본질적으로 해소할 수가 없다. 본 연구의 목적은 Cohen의 비행하위문화이론에 입각하여 학교폭력에 대한 대응을 거시적인 방법으로 접근하여 문제해결책을 고찰하는데 있다. 모든 범죄 는 각기 다른 양상을 띠고 많은 원인을 갖고 있으며 그 시대 사회 현상을 포함 하는 것을 특징으로 한다. 현재 대한민국 사회에서의 학교폭력의 원인은 부모들 의 잘못된 교육관,입시위주 학교교육,일관성 없이 수시로 바뀌는 교육정책 등 으로 볼 수 있는데,위와 같은 이유로 학생들은 반복되는 학교생활,시험 및 성 적의 부담, 교사와 학교에 대한 불만족 등 엄청난 스트레스에 계속 노출되어 있 다. 즉, 학교폭력 문제를 근본적으로 해결하기 위해서는 학생들의 스트레스를 해소할 수 있는 다양한 프로그램을 운영하고 학생 상호간 갈등의 폭을 줄이고 배려를 유도하기 위한 윤리과목 교육 강화와 함께 학력만능주의를 유발하는 사 회적 풍토를 바로잡기 위한 거시적인 노력이 필요할 것이다. 본고에서는 청소년 비행문화에 대해 거시적으로 접근한 Cohen의 비행하위문 화이론에 대한 이론적 고찰과 동시에 실태 분석을 통해 현재의 학교폭력 대응의 문제점을 파악하고 개선방안을 모색하고자 한다.

경찰관의 현장 출입 여부 판단의 문제점과 개선방안 - 대법원 2019.7.4. 선고 2019도4821 판결을 중심으로 -

박종철 한국치안행정학회 2020 한국치안행정논집 Vol.17 No.2

In police practice, police officers' access to reported sites constitutes the most typical and basic action for 'risk prevention and elimination'. Moreover, if suspicions exist about crime risks, such as the target judgment, but it is difficult to prove the danger situation, "confirm the risk after entering the site" through prompt and active judgment by the police. Under the current law, however, no clear rules can be found to determine whether police officers are allowed to enter the house to check for risks, adding to confusion at the scene. In this study, the Supreme Court's ruling (2019 degrees 4821) was analyzed to examine the problems and improvement of the police's determination of whether or not to enter a house for risk prevention and verification. Without identifying the specific nature of domestic violence, the Supreme Court quickly acquitted the suspect of obstruction of justice by judging the legality of the police's forced entry into the house, namely whether the police met the requirements of police officers. In addition, the poor performance of the objective reinforcement evidence to prove the inevitability of police officers entering the house has also affected the ruling. In this regard, the police need to improve the following points in determining whether to enter a house in the future: First of all, legal improvement measures require the addition of resident consent non-required requirements for entering and leaving a house under the "police officer's duty law" the granting of actual questions and investigative authority for victims' relief, the expansion of the scope of house entry under the "Home Violence Prevention Act," inclusion of those suspected of domestic violence, and the preparation of step-by-step forced entry procedures for denial of unjustifiable acts. And as practical improvement measures, efforts should be made to improve the National Police Agency's guidelines for house entry and identification in case of emergency, actively utilize the "judgment margin" against specific risks, and secure procedural justification for house entry. 경찰 실무에서 경찰관의 신고 현장 출입은 ‘위해방지 및 제거’를 위한 가장 전형적이고 기본적인조치에 해당한다. 더욱이 대상판결과 같이 범죄 위험에 대한 의심은 존재하나 위험 상황의 입증이어려운 경우에는 출동 경찰의 신속하고 적극적인 판단을 통한 ‘현장 출입 후 위험 확인’이 요구된다. 그러나 현행 법률상 위험 확인을 위한 경찰관의 가택 출입 여부를 판단하기 위한 명확한 규정을 찾아볼 수 없어 현장의 혼란이 가중되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 위험방지 및 확인을 위한 경찰의 가택 출입 여부 판단의 문제점과 개선방안을 살펴보기 위해 대법원 판결(2019도4821)를 분석하였다. 분석 결과, 대법원은 가정폭력의 특수성을 구체적으로 파악하지 않은 채, 경찰의 가택 출입에 대한 강제성 판단, 즉 경찰관의 출입 요건에 대한 충족 여부만으로 적법성을 판단하여 결국 공무집행방해 피의자에게 섣부르게 무죄를 선고하고 말았다. 이에 더해 출동 경찰관의 가택 출입의 불가피성을 입증하기 위한 객관적인 보강증거의 추가 확보부실도 본건 판결에 영향을 미쳤다고 볼 수 있다. 이와 관련하여 향후 경찰에서는 가택 출입에 대한 판단 여부에 있어 다음과 같은 점을 개선해야할 필요성이 있다. 먼저 법률적인 개선방안으로 경찰관직무집행법 상 가택 출입시 거주자 동의 불요 요건의 추가, 피해자 구호를 위한 실질적인 질문 및 조사 권한의 부여가 필요하고, 가정폭력방지법 상 가택 출입 범위의 확대, 가정폭력 행위 의심자의 벌칙 대상 포함, 정당성 없는 출입 거부시 단계적 강제출입 절차 마련 등도 요구된다. 그리고 실무적인 개선방안으로 경찰청 지침인 위급상황시 가택 출입·확인 지침 의 개선 및 교육 강화, 구체적 위험에 대한 ‘판단여지’의 적극적인 활용, 가택 출입의 절차적 정당성 확보 방안의 마련에도 노력을 기울여야 할 것으로 보인다.

BRMS기반 학과BSC

박종철,박충식,김재홍,강은지 한국정보기술응용학회 2010 한국정보기술응용학회학술대회 Vol.2010 No.1

한방생약자원의 기능성식품 소재 개발

박종철,이성태 한국식품영양과학회 2000 한국식품영양과학회 산업심포지움발표집 Vol.- No.-

맥류의 토양 전염성 Bymovirus의 감염이 국내 육성 맥주보리의 생육 및 수량에 미치는 영향

박종철,이은숙,김미정,박철수,강천식,현종내,이정준,김태수,김기종 한국식물병리학회 2010 식물병연구 Vol.16 No.1

Viral diseases, especially Barley yellow mosaic virus (BaYMV) and Barley mild mosaic virus (BaMMV) have been most serious in barley fields. In this study, we investigated the effect of different level of resistance to viral diseases on the plant growth and yield in malting barley. In diagnosis of virus infection, BaYMV and BaMMV were detected in ‘Doosan 29’ (susceptible), however, ‘Jinyangbori’ (moderate susceptible) and ‘Hopumbori’ (moderate) was infected by only BaYMV. Plant height was restrained about 8~29% in overwintered plant regeneration stage depending on the resistant of each cultivar. The culm length damaged also to 9~12% by BaYMV infection. The tiller numbers reduced to 10~14% in overwintering season,however, the head numbers in harvest season more decreased to 26~33%. Heading date was delayed to 1~3days by the infection. In examination of yield components, 1,000 kernel weight and l weight reduced according to culrivar's resistant degrees to 4.0~6.4% and 1.0~4.2%, respectively. The yield of abortive grain was doubled in BaYMV infection comparing to non-infested field. Three varieties tested in the non-infected field over two years were not significantly different for yield potential with ranges of 509 kg~632 kg/10a. However, significant yield reduction was observed in ‘Saessalbori’ and ‘Baegdong’ with ranges of 77~177 kg/10a as compared to ‘Hopumbori’ (467 kg/10a) when tested in the virus-infected field. Yield potentials of these cultivars reduced by 26~43%, respectively, in the virus-infected field as compared to those in the non-infected field. 우리나라에서 가장 우점하는 BaYMV(Barley yellow mosaic virus)에 의한 국내 육성 맥주보리의 품종의 저항성 정도에 따른 생육 및 수량 피해를 조사하였다. 바이러스 감염 검정에서 두산 29호는 BaYMV와 BaMMV(Barley mild mosaic virus)에 감염되어 있었으나 진양보리와 호품보리는 BaYMV에만 감염된 것으로 나타났다. 월동후 초장과 수확기 간장의 생육을 조사한 결과 품종별 저항성 정도에 따라 8~29%의 신장 억제율을 보였다. 생육 후기의 간장 단축률은 9~12%로 낮아지는 결과를 보였다. 월동후 경수는 호품에서는 발병포장와 건전포장에서 차이가 없었으나, 감수성인 두산 29호와 진양에서는 10~14% 감소되었다. 그러나 수확기경 수수는 BaYMV 감염에 의해 26~33%까지 감소하는 결과를 보였다. 출수기는 발병포장에서 1~3일까지 지연되는 경향이었다. 수확후 수량 구성요소의 피해정도를 조사하였다. 천립중과 l 중도 품종별 저항성 정도에 따라 피해를 받아 각각 4.0~6.6%와1.0~4.2% 감소되는 것으로 조사되었다. BaYMV 감염시 6.0~8.6% 정도의 비립이 발생하였으나 건전포장에서는 2.9~3.6%로 감소되어 두배 이상 비립발생이 증가하였다. 품종간 종실 수량 피해를 조사한 결과 건전한 포장에서의 품종간 평균 수량은 약 509 kg~632 kg/10a으로 유의성 있는 차이를 보이지 않았다. 발병 포장에서는 품종별 저항성 정도에 따라 유의성 있는 차이를 보였다. 중저항성인 호품의 경우 약 467 kg/10a, 중약과 감수성인 진양과두산29호에서는 각각 390 kg과 290 kg으로 조사되어 감수성인 두 품종에서는 77~177 kg/10a의 수량 감소를 보였다. BaYMV 감염에 의해 수량성은 품종의 저항성 정도에 따라 26~43%의 감소되었다.

Establishing a Peace Regime on the Koean Peninsula : Issues and Phases

박종철 국방대학교 국가안전보장문제연구소 2006 The Korean Journal of Security Affairs Vol.11 No.1

The peace regime should be pursued based on the following principle: the two Koreas members of the directly related parties, the conclusion of the peace treaty and arms control is implemented in a parallel manner, a flexible approach is used in the establishment of a peace regime and its management and the peace regime is a multiple-step process that combines inter-Korean dialogue, the peace regime, the Six-Party Talk and U.S.-ROK consultation. The peace regime must go through three stages. The first stage is the preliminary stage in which a general approach as well as North Korea's return to the NPT and the IAEA and U.S-DPRK contracts will be discussed during the inter-Korean military meeting. The peace forum on the Korean Peninsula will also hold the Four-Party Talks consisting the two Koreas, the U.S. and China. In the second stage, in accordance with the inspection and dismantlement of the North's nuclear weapons and facilities, the establishment of a peace regime and arms control will proceed through the Four-Party Talk and the inter-Korean military meeting. in the third stage, during the completion of the dismantlement of the North Korea, the international guarantee and management mechanism of the peace regime will be resolved additions to the implementation of arms reduction.