수학적 해석 방법에 의한 액체저장탱크의 액동압 거동 해석

박종률,오택열,Park, Jong-Ryul,O, Taek-Yeol 대한기계학회 2002 大韓機械學會論文集A Vol.26 No.3

Hydrodynamic behavior and response of vertical-cylindrical liquid-storage tank is considered. The equation of the liquid motion is shown by Laplace's differential equation with the fluid velocity potential. The solution of the Laplace's differential equation of the liquid motion is expressed with the modified Bessel functions. Only rigid tank is studied. The equivalent masses and heights for the tank contents are presented for engineering design model.

강제석유저장탱크(KS B 6225)의 내진설계기준 개선 안

박종률,오택열,Park, Jong-Ryul,O, Taek-Yeol 대한기계학회 2002 大韓機械學會論文集A Vol.26 No.3

Recommended seismic design guide for the flat bottom vortical-cylindrical oil storage tanks in KS B 6225 is presented. Under earthquake excitations, the hydrodynamic pressure exerted on the tank walls produces overturning moment which may cause either a failure of the anchors or a buckling of the tank shell near its base. The basis for establishing design loads due to hydrodynamic pressure is described including seismic zone risk map in Korea, zone coefficients and the essential facilities factor. This procedure for calculating applied compressive stress on the shell base subjecting to seismic load and for estimating the allowable buckling stress is described.

페닐고리의 4-, 3,5-, 또는 3,4,5-위치에 아조-메소젠기를 갖는 반응성 액정화합물의 합성 및 특성

박종률 ( Jong-ryul Park ),윤두수 ( Doo-soo Yoon ),방문수 ( Moon-soo Bang ) 한국공업화학회 2019 공업화학 Vol.30 No.2

본 연구에서는 분자 내 하나의 페닐고리의 4-, 3,5-, 또는 3,4,5- 위치에 아조-메소젠기가 각각 결합된 화합물들을 합성하고 이들의 액정성 및 광화학성에 대하여 조사하였다. Azo1과 Azo2 계열의 화합물은 각각 선형과 평면형의 구조이며, Azo3 계열의 화합물은 비교적 부피가 큰 구조를 하고 있는 것으로 조사되었다. 화합물 BA-Azo2와 BA-Azo3는 액정성을 나타내지 않았고, BE-Azo1와 BE-Azo2는 단방성 액정성을, 나머지 화합물들은 양방성 액정성을 나타냈다. 이러한 액정 거동은 분자 내 아조-메소젠기의 존재로부터 부여된 것으로 액정성을 나타내는 대부분의 화합물들은 스멕틱상을 형성하였다. 그리고 모든 RM-AzoX 화합물들은 분자 내 아조기의 존재로 인하여 광 이성질현상을 나타냈으며, 광 이성질화 속도는 RM-Azo3 < RM-Azo1 < RM-Azo2의 순서로 조사되었으며, 이는 아조벤젠기 주위의 입체 장애에 의존하는 것으로 생각된다. 이러한 결과들로부터, 화합물의 액정성과 광화학적 성질들은 분자 내 페닐고리에 결합된 아조-메소젠기의 결합위치나 개수에 기인한다는 것을 알 수 있었다. In this study, compounds with azo-mesogenic groups at 4-, 3,5-, or 3,4,5-positions of one phenyl ring were synthesized, and their liquid crystallinity and photochemistry were investigated. The compounds in the Azo1 and Azo2 series had linear and planar geometries, respectively, while those in the Azo3 series had relatively bulky structures. Compounds of BA-Azo2 and BA-Azo3 did not show any liquid crystallinity. Compounds of BE-Azo1 and BE-Azo2 exhibited a monotropic liquid crystallinity, while the other compounds showed an enantiotropic liquid crystallinity. The liquid crystalline behavior was imparted by the azo-mesogenic groups, and most of the liquid crystalline compounds formed a smectic phase. All the RM-AzoX compounds exhibited photoisomerism because of the presence of the azo groups in the molecule. The rate of photoisomerization followed the order of RM-Azo3 < RM-Azo1 < RM-Azo2 and was considered to depend on the steric hindrance around the azobenzene groups in the molecule. These results suggest that the liquid crystallinity and photochemical property of the compounds are affected by the position or the number of azo-mesogenic groups phenyl ring of the molecule.

측면에 치환기를 포함하고 있는 비대칭 이메소젠 액정화합물의 합성 및 성질

박종률 ( Jong Ryul Park ),조국영 ( Kuk Young Cho ),방문수 ( Moon Soo Bang ) 한국공업화학회 2015 공업화학 Vol.26 No.3

Two series of unsymmetric dimesogenic compounds containing a butylene or pentamethylene group as the flexible spacer were synthesized and their thermal and mesomorphic properties were studied. Mesogenic groups of the synthesized compounds consisted of a cholesteryl and an azobenzene group with lateral substituent. Chemical structures and mesomorphic properties of the synthesized compounds were investigated by FT-IR, 1H-NMR, differential scanning calorimeter (DSC), and polarizing optical microscope (POM). All synthesized compounds, apart from D5-OCH3, showed enantiotropic liquid crystal phases. Compounds having an even number of carbon atoms in the flexible spacer exhibited wide mesophase temperature ranges and high isotropic transition temperatures. Regarding the effect of lateral substituents, compounds with bulky substituents exhibited decreased mesophase temperature ranges and isotropic transition temperatures, while those with polar substituents showed the increased thermal stability of the smectic phase.

방향족 고리 함량이 공중합 액정 폴리에스터의 성질에 미치는 영향

박종률(Park, Jong-Ryul),방문수(Bang Moon-Soo) 한국산학기술학회 2014 한국산학기술학회논문지 Vol.15 No.1

단위체로서 4-[4-(4-hydroxyphenoxy)butoxy]benzoic acid (HBBA)와 p-hydroxy benzoic acid (HBA)를 사용하여 직접 중축합방법에 의해 액정 공중합체를 합성하였다. 합성된 중합체의 구조와 성질은 1H-NMR, FT-IR, DSC, TGA, POM에 의하여 조사되었다. 연구결과에 의하면, 페놀/p-클로로페놀/1,1,2,2-테트라클로로에탄 (25/40/35=w/w/w) 내에서 측정된 중합체의 고유점성도 (ηinh)는 0.77~1.60 dL/g로 측정되었으며, 중합체 P-80을 제외하고, 공중합체들의 전이온도 와 액정상의 범위는 HBA의 양이 증가함에 따라 증가하였다. 중합체의 이러한 특성은 중합체 사슬의 불규칙성과 강 직성이 증가하였기 때문으로 생각된다. The liquid crystalline copolymers were synthesized through direct polycondensation using 4-[4-(4-hydroxyphenoxy)butoxy]benzoic acid (HBBA) and p-hydroxy benzoic acid (HBA) as monomers. The structure and properties for synthesized copolymers were investigated by 1H-NMR, FT-IR, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetry analysis (TGA) and polarizing optical microscope (POM). As result of investigations, inherent viscosities (ηinh) of polymers were measured as 0.77~1.60 dL/g in phenol/p-chlorophenol /1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane (25/40/35=w/w/w). Except for P-80, the ranges of the transition and mesophase temperature of copolymers were increased with increasing the amount of HBA. These properties of polymers were presumably due to increasing of the irregularity and rigidity of polymer chains.

연구 논문 : 주사슬에 X-자 모양의 메소젠기를 갖는 액정폴리에스터의 합성 및 성질

박종률 ( Jong Ryul Park ),조국영 ( Kuk Young Cho ),방문수 ( Moon Soo Bang ) 한국공업화학회 2014 공업화학 Vol.25 No.1

주사슬에 X-모양의 메소젠기를 갖는 액정폴리에스터 시리즈가 단위체인 2,5-디(4-치환된 벤조에이트)하이드로퀴논과 4,4`-디카르복시-1,8-디페녹시옥테인으로부터 용액중합에 의해 합성되었다. 합성된 중합체의 구조와 물성들은 1H-NMR, FT-IR, DSC, TGA, POM, WXRD를 이용하여 조사되었다. 1,1,2,2-테트라클로로에탄 내에서 측정된 중합체의 고유점성도 (ηinh)는 0.35∼0.66 dL/g로 측정되었으며, 본 실험에서 용해도 조사에 사용된 대부분의 유기용매에 잘 용해되었다. 모든 중합체들은 비교적 낮은 용융전이온도(Tm)와 결정성을 나타내었으며, Tm 이상으로 가열했을 때 열방성 네마틱 액정성을 보였다. 중합체의 이러한 특성은 주사슬에 결합되어 있는 벌키한 4-치환된 벤조에이트기에 때문인 것으로 보인다. A series of liquid crystalline polyesters containing X-shaped mesogenic groups in main chain were synthesized through the solution polymerization of 2,5-di(4-substituted benzoate)hydroquinones and 4,4`-dicarboxy-1,8-diphenoxyoctane. The struc-tures and properties of synthesized polymers were investigated by 1H-NMR, FT-IR, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetry analysis (TGA), polarized optical microscopy (POM) and wide angel X-ray diffraction (WXRD). Inherent viscosities (ηinh) of polymers were measured between 0.35 and 0.66 dL/g in 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane, and they were easily soluble in most of organic solvents used for this experiment. All polymers revealed relatively low melting transition temperature (Tm) and crystallinity, and also showed thermotropic nematic liquid crystallinity when they were heated to their melting temperatures. These properties of polymers were presumably due to the presence of the bulky substituting groups on the hydroquinone unit in mesogenic group.

직접중축합법에 의한 하이퍼브랜치 액정 폴리에스터의 합성 및 성질

박종률 ( Jong-ryul Park ),김혜미 ( Hye-mi Kim ),윤두수 ( Doo-soo Yoon ),손정선 ( Jeong Sun Sohn ),방문수 ( Moon-soo Bang ) 한국공업화학회 2017 공업화학 Vol.28 No.2

분자의 말단에 아조메소젠기와 콜레스테릴기를 갖는 하이퍼브랜치 액정 고분자가 설계되어 직접중축합 반응에 의해 합성되었다. 합성된 고분자들의 화학구조와 열적 성질 및 액정성은 FT-IR, ¹H-NMR, 시차주사열량분석(DSC), 열중량 분석(TGA), 편광현미경(POM)에 의하여 조사되었다. 합성된 고분자들의 고유점성도(η_inh)는 페놀/p-클로로페놀/1,1,2,2- 테트라클로로에테인(25/40/35 = w/w/w) 내에서 0.30~0.50 dL/g으로 측정되었고, 가지화도(DB)는 0.37~0.75의 범위를 나타내었다. 고분자들은 모두 비결정성으로써 80~120 ℃의 유리전이온도(T_g)를 보여주었으며, 실험에 사용된 대부분의 유기용매에 잘 용해되었다. 메소젠기로써 콜레스테릴기를 갖는 하이퍼브랜치 고분자들만이 액정상을 나타내었다. Hyperbranched liquid crystalline polymers with azomesogenic and cholesteryl groups in their terminal positions were designed and synthesized by direct polycondensation reaction. The chemical structures and thermal and mesomorphic properties of the synthesized polymers were investigated by FT-IR, ¹H-NMR, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetry analysis (TGA), and polarizing optical microscopy (POM). The inherent viscosities (η_inh) of the polymers were measured to be between 0.30 and 0.50 dL/g in phenol/p-chlorophenol/1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane (25/40/35 = w/w/w). The degree of branching (DB) in these polymers ranged from 0.37 to 0.75; they, as amorphous polymer, showed glass transition temperatures ranging from 80 to 120 ℃; the polymers readily dissolved in most of the organic solvents used in the experiments. Only hyperbranched polymers with a cholesteryl group as their mesogenic group showed liquid crystalline phases.

연결기가 반 유연성 액정중합체의 물성에 미치는 영향

박종률 ( Jong Ryul Park ),윤두수 ( Doo Soo Yoon ),방문수 ( Moon Soo Bang ) 한국공업화학회 2015 공업화학 Vol.26 No.4

Semi-flexible liquid crystalline polymers containing a mesogenic group and an octamethylene flexible spacer in the main chain were synthesized by solution polycondensation. The mesogenic group in the polymer consists of four aromatic rings connected by ester and ketone, ether, sulfide, methylene, sulfone, or isopropylidene linkage groups. This paper discusses effects of the central linker of the mesogenic group on polymer properties. The structures and properties of synthesized polymers were investigated by 1H-NMR, FT-IR, differential scanning calorimeter (DSC), thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA), X-ray diffractometer (XRD), and polarizing optical microscope (POM). Polymers having bent linkage groups exhibited low thermal transition temperatures, narrow mesophase temperature ranges, low liquid crystallinity, and good solubilities in organic solvents, while those having bulky linkage groups were amorphous and exhibited high glass transition temperatures.

강직한 측쇄기를 갖는 반 유연성 액정폴리에스터의 합성 및 성질

박종률 ( Jong Ryul Park ),이응재 ( Eung Jae Lee ),윤두수 ( Doo Soo Yoon ),방문수 ( Moon Soo Bang ),최재곤 ( Jae Kon Choi ) 한국고무학회 2013 엘라스토머 및 콤포지트 Vol.48 No.4

주 사슬의 강직그룹의 하이드로퀴논 단위에 4-클로로벤조에이트기가 결합된 액정폴리에스터가 단위체인 2,5-다이(4-클로로벤조에이트)하이드로퀴논과 4,4``-디카복시-α,ω-디페녹시 알케인의 용액중합에 의하여 합성 되었다. 합성된 중합체의 구조와 성질은 1H-NMR, FT-IR, DSC, TGA, POM에 의하여 조사되었다. 조사의 결과에 의하면, 중합체 사슬의 메틸렌기와 벌키한 치환기는 용해도나 열전이와 같은 성질에 큰 영향을 미쳤으며, 모든 중합체들은 편광현미경 관찰에서 약한 복굴절 현상을 갖는 네마틱 액정상의 texture를 나타내었고, 매우 좁은 액정상 온도구간을 나타내었다. A series of liquid crystalline polyesters containing the 4-chloro benzoate group on the hydroquinone unit of rigid group were synthesized through solution polymerization of 2,5-di(4-chlorobenzoate)hydroquinones and 4,4`-dicarboxy- α,ω-diphenoxy alkane. The structure and properties for synthesized polymers were investigated by 1H-NMR, FT-IR, DSC, TGA, and POM. As result of investigations, The presence of the methylene group and bulky lateral groups in polymer chain have a great influence on the properties of polymers such as solubilities and thermal transitions. The optical textures of polymers revealed a weak birefringence in the melt and indicated that they form nematic mesophase. All polymers have very narrow mesophase temperature ranges.

말단에 치환기를 갖는 이-아조메소젠 액정화합물의 합성 및 성질

박종률 ( Jong Ryul Park ),구수진 ( Su Jin Gu ),윤두수 ( Doo Soo Yoon ),방문수 ( Moon Soo Bang ),최재곤 ( Jae Kon Choi ) 한국공업화학회 2015 공업화학 Vol.26 No.6

Two series of symmetric dimesogenic compounds containing a butylene or 1-methylbutylene spacer as a flexible group were synthesized. The mesogenic groups of synthesized compounds consist of an azobenzene group with a terminal substituent. Chemical structures as well as, thermal, mesomorphic, and photochemical properties of the synthesized compounds were investigated using FT-IR, 1H-NMR, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), polarizing optical microscopy (POM), and UV-visible spectrometry. P-H, P-F, and P-OC6H13 showed monotropic liquid crystal phases, whereas the others showed enantiotropic liquid crystal phases. Compounds with butylene group as a flexible spacer exhibited wider mesophase temperature ranges and higher thermal transition temperatures than compounds containing a 1-methylbutylene group. Compounds with a high absolute value of the Hammett substituent constant exhibited high thermal transition temperatures and improved stability in the liquid crystal phase. Furthermore, in the absence or presence of UV light illumination, terminal substituents of the azomesogenic group were important factors in deciding the maximum absorbance wavelength (λmax) and the rate of photoisomerization (K).