루이제 린저의 남북한 여행기에 나타난 한국의 표상

박재영(Park, Jae-Young) 한국외국어대학교 역사문화연구소 2008 역사문화연구 Vol.30 No.-

역사적 사료로서의 여행기의 중요성은 재론할 필요가 없지만, 실제로 여행기의 분석을 통해 냉전시대 동서독과 남북한의 상호 이미지를 파악하기 위한 본격적인 연구는 아직 미흡한 실정이다. 전후시대 독일의 대표적인 여류작가로 평가되는 루이제 린저는 한국에서도 광범한 독자층을 가지고 있는데, 한 가지 특기할 만한 사실은 그녀가 냉전시대, 구체적으로 1975년과 1980년 남한과 북한을 모두 방문한 서독의 여류작가라는 점이다. 필자는 루이제 린저(Luise Rinser)의 남북한 여행기, 즉 『고래들이 싸울 때-한국의 초상(Wenn die Wale kämpfen-Porträt eines Landes: Südkorea)』과 『또 하나의 조국: 루이제 린저의 북한방문기(Nord-koreanisches Reisetagebuch)』의 분석을 통해 냉전시대 같은 분단국인 서독의 한 여류작가의 눈에 비친 남북한의 표상을 재구성하고자 하였다. 루이제 린저의 한국에 대한 표상은 무엇보다 먼저 남한여행기의 제목인 『고래들이 싸울 때: 한국의 초상』에서 분명하게 드러나고 있는데, 이는 “고래싸움에 새우등 터진다(Wenn die Wale kämpfen, zittern die Garnelen)”는 한국의 옛 속담에 연유한다. 여기에서 고래는 냉전 이데올로기 시대의 초강대국인 미국과 소련을, 새우는 한국전쟁과 분단의 지속으로 냉전의 희생양이 된 남한과 북한을 의미한다. 루이제 린저의 친북한적이고 남한에 대한 부정적인 표상은 지난 나치시대 그녀가 겪었던 국가반역 혐의로 인한 혹독한 고문과 사형판결의 경험, 그의 절친한 한국 친구였던 작곡가 윤이상이 ‘동베를린사건’으로 간첩으로 몰려 옥고를 치른 일, 그리고 박정희 정권의 독재정치에 맞서 싸웠던 남한 민주화 인사들과의 만남과 교류를 통해서 더욱 고정화된 것으로 보인다. 박정희에 의한 한국 민주주의의 탄압은 히틀러와 나치정권의 국가적 폭력과 억압이라는 린저에게는 혐오스러울 수밖에 없는 극우적이고 파쇼적인 지배체제라는 공통점을 가지고 있기 때문이다. 린저의 작품 『옥중일기』에 나오는 나치정권에 대한 혐오와 공포, 고통과 불안은 그녀가 남한여행기에 서술하고 있는 박정희 정권의 독재, 민주주의와 인권탄압과 자연스럽게 오버랩(overlap) 된다. 결국 한 개인이 자신의 이데올로기적 편향성과 과거의 경험으로부터 오는 선입견이 타자에 대한 인식의 오류를 일으킬 수 있다는 하나의 사례를 우리는 린저의 북한여행기를 통해 살펴 볼 수 있다. Though it needs not to re-mention the importance of a record of travel as historical data, studies in full swing in order to catch it's mutual image between South-North Korea and East-West germany in the time of Cold war through real analysis of the travel record are very unsatisfactory. Luise Rinser who is evaluated as the representative female writer of BRD after the Second World War has many widespread class of readers in Korea. One thing to be mentioned in very special is that she had experienced to visit South and North Korea specifically in 1975 and 1980 during the time of the Cold war. I tried to reconstitute the symbolized shapes of South-North Korea which was taken by West Germany(same country to be cut in halves)'s female writer through analyzing her book of “Wenn die Wale kämpfen - Porträt eines Landes: Südkorea” and “Nord-koreanisches Reisetagebuch”. First of all, The emblem for Korea is very clearly expressed in the title of the record book in South Korea - “Wenn die Wale kämpfen - Porträt eines Landes: Südkorea”, this is originated from Korea's old proverb like “Wenn die Wale kämpfen, zittern die Garnelen”. In here, The whale means America and U.S.S.R to be very strong in the time of the Cold War and shrimp means South-North Korea that had been scapegoat because of being continued of Korean war and devide in halves. Luise Rinser's negative show against South Korea but North Korea to be friendly - these stereotypes - it seemed to make her stereotype more strong by her experience of the torture caused by plotting against the state and a death sentence, the hardships of prison life of I-Sang Yoon who was the composer to be a very intimate friend with her because of “Spy-Affairs of East-Berlin” and the meeting and interchanges with many democratized peoples of South Korea who had fought against Jeong Hee Park's autocracy. The suppression against the Korean democracy by the President of South Korea Park had the point of sameness - so called - extreme right and fascio ruling system, it made her to be hated about it(Hitler and Nazi political power's national repression). The hate, horror, pain and unrest against Nazi to be written in her “diary in prison” is overlapped naturally with Park's dictatorship and human right and democracy suppression to be written in “Travel in South Korea”. At last, we can see the Case that the bias from past's experiences and ideology's leaning by personal's thinking can make mistakes through “Record to Travel in North Korea”.

Development of the clinical calculator for mortality of patients with metastatic clear cell type renal cell carcinoma: An analysis of patients from Korean Renal Cancer Study Group database

박재영,태범식,정창욱,송채린,서성일,홍성규,정진수,홍성후,황의창,곽철,서일영,박수연,Chanwang Park,Korean Renal Cancer Study Group 대한비뇨의학회 2020 Investigative and Clinical Urology Vol.61 No.3

Purpose: To develop the clinical calculator for mortality of patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) using Korean Renal Cancer Study Group (KRoCS) database. Materials and Methods: Data from 1,115 patients with mRCC treated in 4 hospitals joining KRoCS between 1993 and 2016 were pooled. Five-year survival rates were calculated using Kaplan–Meier curve. A clinical calculator for 5-year mortality was developed using multivariable logistic regression analysis and validated externally using dataset including 916 patients from 4 other hospitals. Results: Overall survival rates and cancer specific survival rate at 5 years were 28.5% and 29.4%, respectively. Among baseline factors, increased neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (≥4), synchronous metastasis, low albumin (<3.0 g/dL), and low hemoglobin (<lower limit of normal: male, 13 g/dL; female, 11.5 g/dL) were the significant factors in 5-year mortality. Good internal validity was demonstrated with area under the curve estimates being 0.774 at 5-year mortality calculation and the calibration plot. In the external validation, 758 (82.8%) died by 5 years among these patients, with the average model-predicted rate of 72.9%. Conclusions: A clinical calculator has been developed to quantify the risk of death for individual patients after treatment of mRCC. This tool may be useful for patients or their guardians who want to know their prognosis and to identify patients requiring aggressive therapy and additional supportive measures during and after treatment.

ADH1B와 ALDH2 활성 조합이 젊은 한국인의 음주 행동에 미치는 영향

박재영,김시경,이상익,Park, Jae-Young,Kim, Sie-Kyeong,Lee, Sang-Ick 대한생물정신의학회 2010 생물정신의학 Vol.17 No.1

Objectives : It is well-known that Korean people show distinctive drinking behaviors depending on the gene polymorphisms of alcohol metabolizing enzymes. This study examined the gene polymorphisms of ALDH2 and ADH1B and their combination on the drinking behaviors of Korean young adults. Methods : Through a follow-up survey performed for a cohort consisting of 551 university freshmen for six years, the authors attempted to identify genetic factors affecting drinking behaviors. In 2000, drinking behaviors and scores of CAGE questionnaires were assessed and ALDH2 gene polymorphism was determined with PCR-RFLP. In 2006(n= 150), AUDIT-K was assessed in addition to the above and gene polymorphism of ADH1B was determined through SNaPshot$^{TM}$ method. Results : While ALDH2*2 allele was associated with increased degree of drinking in 2000 and 2006. When both enzymes were active, the possibility to be classified into the risk group for alcohol dependence such as AUDIT-K(>12), and CAGE(>2) was high. Conclusion : The ALDH2 genotype had a significant effect on drinking behavior and degree of drinking during early adulthood. However, the combination of the active form of ADH1B and the active form of ALDH2 can be risk factor for problem drinking.

안전관리 <재해손실이 건설경영에 미치는 영향>

박재영,Park, Jae-Young 한국건축시공학회 2002 한국건축시공학회지 Vol.2 No.2

인삼의 산소중독 보호효과에 관한 실험적 연구

박재영,이상일,윤덕로,Park, Jae-Young,Lee, Sang-Il,Yun, Dork-Ro 대한예방의학회 1989 Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health Vol.22 No.2

인삼의 산소중독에 대한 보호효과를 평가하고자 마우스 110마리를 100% $O_2$ 5ATA에 폭로시켜, 인삼추출액 투여 유무에 따르는 사망소요시간 연장의 변화를 관찰하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 인삼추출액을 경구투여한 마우스군이 투여치 않은 대조군보다 산소중독에 의한 사망소요시간이 더 연장됨을 관찰하였다. 즉 인삼추출액 0.15cc 1회 경구투여군의 사망소요시간은 $169{\pm}41.4$분으로 인삼을 투여치 않은 군의 $145.3{\pm}32.5$분보다 통계적으로 유의하게 연장되었다(p<0.05). 또한 인삼추출액 0.15cc를 3일간 매일 경구투여한 군의 사망소요시간은 $207.6{\pm}40.5$분으로 인삼을 투여치 않은 대조군의 $156.7{\pm}31.8$분보다 매우 유의하게 연장되었으며(p<0.01), 매일 0.15cc씩 7일간 경구투여한 군의 사망소요시간은 $220.7{\pm}52.2$분으로 인삼을 투여치 않은 대조군의 $143.0{\pm}22.6$분보다 매우 유의하게 연장된 것을 관찰할 수 있었다(p<0.01). 2. 인삼투여일수에 따른 사망소요시간 비교에 있어서는 인삼추출액 0.15cc를 1회 경구투여한 군에 비해 0.15cc를 1회 경구투여한 군에 비해 0.15cc씩 3일간 매일 투여한 군이 산소중독에 의한 사망소요시간이 유의하게 연장되었으나(p<0.05) 0.15cc씩 7일간 매일 투여한 군은 산소중독에 의한 사망소요시간이 다소 연장되기는 하였으나 통계적으로 유의한 차이는 없었다(p>0.05). 이는 인삼의 산소중독에 대한 보호효과는 7일 이내의 투여의 경우, 3일이상 투여해도 투여기간 연장에 따른 더 이상의 보호효과는 기대할 수 없음을 시사해 주고 있다. The protective effects of Panax Ginseng extract to oxygen toxicity of mice were studied under 5 ATA hyperbaric oxygen atmosphere. The findings observed are as follows: 1) Administration of Ginseng water extract manifested the prolonging survival time of mice to oxygen toxicity by hyperbaric oxygen atmosphere. After 18 hours of single Ginseng water extract administration and three days, seven days of consecutive Ginseng water extract administration showed the protective effect against oxygen toxicity. 2) Three days and seven days of consecutive Ginseng water extract administration showed the more efficient protective effect than single Ginseng Water extract administration. 3) Seven days of consecutive Ginseng water extract administration did not showed the more efficient protective effect than three days of consecutive Ginseng water extract administration.

건설업의 재해와 예방대책

박재영,Park, Jae-Young 한국건축시공학회 2004 한국건축시공학회지 Vol.4 No.2

민간기업 조경공사에서 나타나는 식재설계 변경 타당성에 대한 전문가 인식 분석

박재영,조세환,Park, Jae-Young,Cho, Se-Hwan 한국조경학회 2014 韓國造景學會誌 Vol.42 No.6

본 연구는 민간기업에서 시행한 아파트 단지의 조경공사 중 식재설계변경의 유형과 변경의 타당성을 분석하여 공기업과 비교 고찰함으로써 조경공사 시에 발생하는 식재설계 변경을 객관적이고 효율적으로 관리하기 위한 기초 자료 제시를 목적으로 수행하였다. 본 연구의 결과 다음과 같은 다섯 가지를 얻을 수 있었다. 첫째, 민간기업에서 시행한 아파트 단지 조경공사에서 발생한 설계 변경 중 식재공사에서 발생한 비율이 61.8%를 차지하고 있음으로써 식재 부분이 설계변경의 주된 대상이 되는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 이러한 설계변경원인으로는 주로 공기부족 등 현장 여건과 관련되는 것이었고, 특히 체계적 설계변경보다는 현장에서 구두 설계변경승인으로 이루어지는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 식재설계의 설계변경은 한 건의 설계변경 승인에 7~48회의 동시다발적으로 발생하는 특징을 보이고 있었다. 넷째, 민간기업에서 발생하는 조경식재공사 설계변경 유형은 '이용자를 고려한 설계변경', '이미지 개선을 위한 설계변경', '유지관리의 용이성을 위한 설계변경', '설계내역 불일치로 인한 설계변경', '타 공종과의 관계로 인한 설계변경', '현장조사 미비로 인한 설계변경', '시공성을 고려한 설계변경' 등 총 7가지의 조경식재공사 설계변경 유형으로 구분할 수 있었는데 이것은 공기업에서 추진하는 설계변경 유형과 크게 다르지 않은 것으로 나타났다. 넷째, 이들 7가지 중 민간기업의 경우, '이용자를 고려한 설계변경'과 '이미지 개선을 위한 설계변경'이 전체 설계변경의 빈도에서 과반수를 넘는 것으로 나타나 공기업의 '이용자를 고려한 설계변경'과 '설계내역 불일치로 인한 설계변경'으로 나타난 것과 상이한 점을 보이고 있었다. 다섯째, 식재공사 설계변경 과정의 경우 민간기업은 공기단축을 통한 공사비용 절감 차원에서 선(先)시공 후(後)승인의 관행을 보이고 있는 것으로 나타났지만, 공기업의 경우 현장에서 설계변경 사유가 발생하였을 시 현장 상황 및 변경내용을 검토하고 반영하여 설계변경 절차를 보이는 등 상이한 절차를 거치는 것으로 나타났다. 이상의 결과는 조경공사 중 식재설계 변경의 유형은 공기업, 사기업에 관계없이 7개의 범주로 설계변경의 유형은 동일하나, 설계변경의 주된 사유와 절차는 상이한 점이 있는 것으로 나타남으로써 식재설계 변경은 조경공사의 성격에 따라 합리성과 효율성 차원에서 유동성 있게 적용하는 것이 바람직한 것으로 사료되었다. This study analyzes the validity of the type classification of the type and design changes of apartment landscaping planting construction design changes that were completed in the private sector, efficiently manages the design changes that are displayed over landscaping planting work in general in the future, and performs research by placing the object underlying the presentation. The results are as follows. First, the percentage that occurred in the planting construction of design changes that have occurred in the apartment landscaping construction was carried out in the private sector and accounted for 61.8%. This indicates that part of the planting is a major design change. Second, as the cause of such a design change to be those associated with the field conditions such as lack of main construction period. In particular, due to a change in oral, appeared 7-48 times design changes of one review design change approval is complex, design changes of planting construction had shown a feature that occurs in multiple simultaneous. Third, the 7 types of Design Changes in planting design were delineated as 'design changes for consideration of the user', 'design changes for image improvement', 'design changes for ease of maintenance', 'design changes due to the mismatch of design statement', 'design changes due to the relationship with the engineering species of other', 'design changes due to lack of field study', and 'design changes due to the consideration of feasibility.' Fourth, 'design changes for consideration of the user' and 'design changes for image improvement' were found in more than half of the frequency of the overall changes. This differed from the results shown in public corporations. Fifth, if planting construction design change process, private companies, it was found that is showing the approval of the practice after the previous construction of the construction cost savings due to construction time. However, in the case of a public corporation, these exhibited a different aspect from the private sector and show a design change procedure that reflects the changes after the design change events in the field have occurred. The above results, the type of landscaping works in planting design change of public enterprises, regardless of the private sector, is the same in the seven types, the main reason of and procedures for design changes, indicating that there are other respects. In design change, it may be desirable to apply becomes liquidity rationality and efficiency of the dimension, depending on the nature of the landscape construction.

토끼 두개골 결손부의 골재생에 대한 poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) 의 영향

박재영,황우진,정성념,김윤상,피성희,유형근,신형식,Park, Jae-Young,Hwang, Woo-Jin,Jeong, Seong-Nyum,Kim, Yun-Sang,Pi, Sung-Hee,You, Hyung-Keun,Shin, Hyung-Shik 대한치주과학회 2009 Journal of Periodontal & Implant Science Vol.39 No.2

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to histologically and histomorphometrically evaluate the effect of PLGA on bone regeneration compared with bone graft material. Methods: The experimental study was conducted in 10 rabbits with 2 different healing periods of 2 and 4 weeks. Following surgical exposure of the calvarium, 4 circular bone defects with a diameter of 4.6mm were formed. Rabbits were divided into control group, test groups I, and II. 10 defects assigned to the test group Ⅰ were grafted with Nu-oss and other 10 defects assigned to the test group II were grafted with PLGA. The rest of the defects were in the negative control group. At 2nd and 4th week after surgery, 10 rabbits were sacrificed through intracardiac perfusion and then specimens were obtained. Histological analysis was performed following staining with trichorme and transversal sectioning of the calvarial bone. Results: A group which used PLGA showed tissue reactions characterized by severe inflammation, rather than distinctive new bone formation. Conclusions: The present experimental investigations have failed to prove any beneficial effects of PLGA. PLGA used in this study exhibited foreign body reactions and a less favorable pattern of new bone formation in comparison to control group. Conclusion: PLGA did not function as scaffold. Further investigations of many types of micro PLGA that could improve its potential in GBR procedures are needed.

초고온가스로 압력용기용 Gr. 91 강의 장시간 크리프 수명 예측 방법 개선

박재영,김우곤,김선진,김민환,Park, Jae-Young,Kim, Woo-Gon,EKAPUTRA, I.M.W.,Kim, Seon-Jin,Kim, Min-Hwan 한국압력기기공학회 2014 한국압력기기공학회 논문집 Vol.10 No.1

Gr. 91 steel is used for the major structural components of Generation-IV reactor systems, such as a very high temperature reactor(VHTR) and sodium-cooled fast reactor(SFR). Since these structures are designed for up to 60 years at elevated temperatures, the prediction of long-term creep life is important for a design application of Gr. 91 steel. In this study, a number of creep rupture data were collected through world-wide literature surveys, and using these data, the long-term creep life was predicted in terms of three methods: the single-C method in Larson-Miller(L-M) parameter, multi-C constant method in the L-M parameter, and a modified method("sinh" equation) in the L-M parameter. The results of the creep-life prediction were compared using the standard deviation of error value, respectively. Modified method proposed by the "sinh" equation revealed better agreement in creep life prediction than the single-C L-M method.

디지털강국 실현을 위한 정책추진방안

박재영,Park, Jae-Yeong 한국전자정보통신산업진흥회 2003 電子振興 Vol.23 No.3