미국 수의 간호학의 역사 고찰

박우대 한국동물매개심리치료학회 2015 한국동물매개심리치료학회지 Vol.4 No.2

The veterinary technology of the U.S. has been improving for fast 60 years. Now, the practical study is getting more important in field of veterinary medicine and laboratory research and the veterinary technician is leading the people who work for veterinary field in the world. The history of veterinary technology in the U.S. reaches to over 60 years. They, however, make their veterinary technology to be organized and to be good partners with veterinarians. In the very first time, the veterinary technology was started in the U.S. Army for caring of military dogs and horses. The army established the veterinary troop for the management of foods, public hygiene, and animal service. From the early 1960, some veterinarians recognized the need of animal assistant according to the increase of veterinary industry in the U.S.. They began to establish department of veterinary technology in a few colleges and to organize committee or board which controled its exam, curriculum, and accreditation. In 1967, American Veterinary Medical Association started to accredit some program of veterinary technology in official. Now, it has accredit over 300 programs in the U.S.. The organization of veterinary technician has grown to lead animal industry in the country. The Bureau of Labor Standards reported there were over 80,000 veterinary technicians in the U.S. and the job growth will grow average or more in the next ten years.

흡입마취제가 토끼의 하부호흡기도 점액분비세포에 미치는 영향

박우대,배춘식 한국임상수의학회 1999 한국임상수의학회지 Vol.16 No.2

Excess secretion of goblet cell stimulated by inhalation anesthetics have side effects during operation or postoperative care. Mucosubstances, which are almost secreted by goblet cells in the epithelium of the respiratory tract, are secreted by a direct irritation of inhalation anesthetics. This study was carried out to compare the differences of mucus secretion on lower respiratory tract stimulated by ethyl ether, halothane and isoflurane. Total of 24 rabbits were used as experimental animals. The trachea and the 1st bronchi were fixed in 10% neutral buffered formalin. After embedding in paraffin, the specimens were sectioned to a thickness of 6 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$, and PAS-H, Alcian blue pH 2.5 and Alcian blue pH 1.0 stains were performed for the observation of the composition and the quantity of the mucus. The results were as follows; Ethyl ether and isoflurane irritated the mucous membrane of the respiratory tract. Ethyl ether irritated more than isoflurane. Halothane irritated the mucous membrane, but its effect was minimal and had little influences during operation. In the specimens stained with PAS-H, Alcian blue pH 2.5 and Alcian blue pH 1.0, the mucosubstance lining the cilia and in the goblet cells of the trachea and 1st bronchi were the strongly PAS-H reactive mucosubstances, moderately Alcian blue pH 2.5 and Alcian blue pH 1.0. The PAS-H reactive mucosubstance were polysaccharides, neutral mucopolysaccharides, mucoproteins, glycoproteins and glycolipids. Trachea was easily affected than bronchi by inhalation anesthetics. Consequently, it is suggested that because halothane does not irritates respiratory mucosal secretion, its application may be efficient to the depressed respiratory system.

수의학에서의 교감 신경 차단술의 응용

박우대,Park, U-Dae 대한수의사회 2008 대한수의사회지 Vol.44 No.1

외국에서의 수의간호사의 현실과 한국적인 '수의간호사'의 역할 및 미래

박우대 대한수의사회 2004 대한수의사회지 Vol.40 No.8

The Analysis of Quantitative EEG to the Left Cranial Cervical Ganglion Block in Beagle Dogs

박우대,배춘식,김세은,이수한,장화석,김휘율,이재훈,정대정,이정선 한국임상수의학회 2007 한국임상수의학회지 Vol.24 No.4

The sympathetic nerve block improves the blood flow in the innervated regions. For this region, the sympathetic nerve block has been performed in the neural and cerebral disorders. However, the cerebral blood flow regulation of the cranial cervical ganglion block in dogs have not been well defined and the correlation to the changes in the cerebral circulation and the changes in the electroencephalogram is not well defined in dogs yet. Therefore, we investigated the hypothesis that changes in the EEG could be affected by the changes in cerebral blood flow following the cranial cervical ganglion block in dogs. Twenty five beagle dogs were divided into 3 groups; group I (LCCGB, n = 10) underwent left sided cranial cervical ganglion block using the 1% lidocaine, group II (L, n = 10) injected the 1% lidocaine into the right or left sided digastricus muscle, group III (N/SCCGB, n = 5, served as control) underwent the left sided cranial cervical ganglion block using saline. A statistical difference was not found between the control group and the LCCGB group in the 95% spectral edge frequency (SEF) and the median frequency (MF). In the relative band power, the δ frequency was decreased during 5-25 min, while the α frequency was increased during the same time (p < 0.05). But the θ frequency and the β frequency were not shown the significant changes compared with the control group during the same time (p < 0.05). These results suggest that the left cranial cervical ganglion block does not induce the change of the cerebral blood flow and its effect is insignificant.

비글견에서 앞쪽목신경절 차단술법의 개발

박우대(Woo-Dae Park) 한국생명과학회 2008 생명과학회지 Vol.18 No.1

In human, sympathetic nerve blocks with local anesthetics are widely used to treat a variety of diseases in the innervating regions. However, its procedure in dogs is difficult to approach and process repeatedly because of anatomically location. Therefore, this study was designed to develop a new technique of sympathetic nerve block in beagle dogs. Fifteen healthy beagle dogs, which did not show any neurologic abnormalities and disease, were used for the study. Radiograghs were taken after injected radiopaque mate-rial mixed with 2% lidocaine at the cranial cervical ganglion and injected methylene blue using the same percutaneous technique to verify the reliability of this newly developed technique. The successful block rate of the cranial cervical ganglion block was present in 80% of all dogs and the stained cranial cervical ganglions were shown in all dogs. The results show that this new technique of the cranial cervical ganglion block is a reliable and simple method that can be used for clinical studies in dogs.

Autonomic Nervous Properties of Atropine and Glycopyrrolate on Heart Rate Variability during Anesthesia with Ketamine-Xylazine in Dogs

박우영,배춘식,박우대,이수한 한국임상수의학회 2009 한국임상수의학회지 Vol.26 No.3

Anticholinergics, which are commonly given as a pre-anesthetic medication to prevent adverse effects in canine anesthesia, can cause cardiac adverse effects. To determine the effects of atropine and glycopyrrolate on the balance of sympathetic nervous tone and parasympathetic nervous tone of the heart during ketamine anesthesia in beagle dogs, heart rate variability (HRV), duration of anesthesia and behavioral changes were evaluated. There were no significant temporal domain differences between atropine and glycopyrrolate. Concerning the frequency domain component, atropine and glycopyrrolate effects were significantly lower (P < 0.05) than the control saline-treated group. However, the root mean square of the interval differences between consecutive R peaks (RMSSD) and the standard deviation of Poincare plot perpendicular to the line-of-identity (SD1) in atropine were significantly decreased (P < 0.05) from the baseline value, and the low frequency/high frequency ratio (LF:HF ratio) in glycopyrrolate was significantly increased from baseline value (P < 0.05). The change of SD1 agreed with that of the high frequency (HF) in the frequency domain component and also with those of respiratory rate and SpO2-R. Our results prove that glycopyrrolate is more suitable as a pre-anesthetic anticholinergic in ketamine anesthesia of dogs with respect to safety and duration of action.

A Case of Perineal Hypospadias with Os Penis Deformity and Unilateral Cryptorchidism in a Boston Terrier

박우영,배춘식,김휘율,조기래,박우대 한국임상수의학회 2009 한국임상수의학회지 Vol.26 No.2

A six-month-old Boston terrier presented with an extruded penis caudally, incompletely formed preputial sheath, bifid scrotum, retained testicle and deformity of the os penis. On physical examination, the urethral orifice was located on the surface of the perineum and a fibrous band was observed running from the grans to the urethral orifice on the perineum. The dog also had urethritis that was infected by ascending bacteria entering through the contaminated urethral orifice. Corrective surgery was undertaken to excise the external genitalia and retained testicle. The prepuce, penis and retained testicles were successfully excised. After the urethral orifice was cleaned periodically and antibiotics were administrated, recurrent urethritis disappeared. Using this therapeutic regime it is not necessary to reconstruct the anomaly located urethral orifice, if the location of urethral orifice is not the cause of recurrent urethritis and urinary incontinence.

The Influence of Cranial Cervical Ganglion Block in Beagle Dogs with Normal Intraocular Pressure

Woo-Dae Park(박우대),Chun-Sik Bae(배춘식),Hwi-Yool Kim(김휘율) 한국생명과학회 2007 생명과학회지 Vol.17 No.11

본 연구는 정상적인 안압을 가진 비글견에서 4 가지의 다른 농도를 가진 lidocaine을 사용하여 앞쪽목신경절 차단 후 안압의 변화를 관찰하기 위하여 시행하였다. 실험군은 전향적 교차시험으로 10두의 비글견을 2%, 1%, 0.5% 및 0.25% lidocaine group으로 4군으로 나뉘었다. 모든 실험견들은 4 가지의 다른 농도를 가진 2 ml의 lidocaine을 사용하여 각 4번의 앞쪽목신경절 차단을 받았으며 신경 차단은 무작위로 1주일 간격으로 각각 시행되었다. 실험결과 호르너 증후군은 모든 실험군에서 관찰되었다. 1% lidocaine group에서는 대조군과 비교하여 차단 후 5분에서 안압의 유의한 상승이 있었으며(p<0.05), 2%와 1% lidocaine group의 안압은 앞쪽목신경절 차단 후 25분과 45분 사이 감소하였으나, 0.5%와 0.25% lidocaine group은 변화가 없었다. 이상의 결과를 종합하면, 앞쪽 목신경절 차단술은 정상 안압의 변화에 영향을 미치며 0.5%와 0.25% lidocaine은 안압을 변화시키기에는 부적당한 농도로 사료된다. This study was performed to observe changes of the intraocular pressure following cranial cervical ganglion block with the four different concentrations of lidocaine in beagle dogs with the normal intraocular pressure. We performed by the crossover test in ten beagle dogs divided into four groups, which were 2%, 1%, 0.5% and 0.25% lidocaine group. All experimental dogs received each four times cranial cervical ganglion block using 2 ml of lidocaine with the four different concentrations. The blocks were separately done at a week intervals in random order. Horner’s syndrome was observed in all groups. The intraocular pressure in the blocked side was significantly increased to 5 min in the 1% lidocaine group compared to the baseline (p<0.05). The intraocular pressure of 2% and 1% lidocaine groups were decreased between 25 and 45 min following cranial cervical ganglion block, while those of 0.5% and 0.25% lidocaine groups were unchanged. In conclusion, these results suggest that cranial cervical ganglion block affect on the change of intraocular pressure and 0.5% and 0.25% lidocaine are inadequate concentrations for the change of intraocular pressure in the dog with normal intraocular pressure.

Cytotoxicity of Amphotericin B-incorporated Polymeric Micelles Composed of Poly(DL-lactide-co-glycolide)/dextran Graft Copolymer

방제용,송채은,김찬,박우대,조기래,김평일,이상락,정완태,최기춘 대한약학회 2008 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.31 No.11

In this study, we prepared amphotericin B (AmpB)-encapsulated polymeric micelle of poly(DL-lactideco-glycolide) (PLGA) grafted-dextran (DexLG) copolymer for the cytotoxicity test. The average particle size of AmpB-encapsulated DexLG polymeric micelles was around 30~70 nm and their morphology showed spherical shapes. Since aggregation states of AmpB are related to intrinsic cytotoxicity, prevention of AmpB aggregation in aqueous solution will provide low cytotoxicity and increased antimicrobial activity for the infectious disease. At UV/VIS spectrum measurement, polymeric micelle prepared from methanol/water mixture (method B) showed a monomeric state of AmpB while polymeric micelle prepared from DMSO (method A) showed an aggregated state. During the hemolysis activity test, polymeric micelle from method B showed reduced hemolysis activity compared to AmpB itself and polymeric micelle from method A. These results indicated that AmpB-incorporated polymeric micelle prepared from methanol/water mixture has low cytotoxicity and favorable antimicrobial activity.