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This thesis is purposed to deduct correlation of accident occurring in the combination of various pieces of electric equipment and an enormous number of parts in electrical power substation through FTA(Fault tree analysis). In order to achieve this thesis’s purpose, electrical power substation of PF-CB type is classified the components of high voltage/low voltage, and suggested for occurrence and breaking mechanism of short circuit, overload current, leakage/grounding current. The minimal cut set (MCS) and basic event are analyzed quantitative evaluation for top event of electrical fire at electrical power substations. Through the analyzed data, the priority is determined, which is necessary for improving system reliability. Therefore, based on the risk achievement worth (RAW) importance, scheme of checking safety devices is presented for electrical fire prevention. Specific details are as follows. First, in order to check the reliability of safety device in electrical power substation, the failure mode of VCB, MCCB, OCR, COS, PT/CT, METER and PF, which are the main safety devices for short circuit, overload current and leakage/grounding current, is derived based on IEEE Gold book and FMD 2016. Then, constructed FT(Fault tree). In the electrical power substation of PF-CB type, the probability of electrical fire occurrence by short circuit is 3.167E-1, by overload current, 3.892E-2, and by leakage/grounding current, 1.208E-2. The electrical fire, which is the top event, has a probability of occurrence of 3.512E-1. In electrical fire incidents by cause, short circuit is found to have the rate of electrical fire composition of approximately 86%, 11% by overload current, and about 3% by leakage current. In establishing measures to prevent electrical fire, it is found that short circuit needs to be the top priority. The MCS with the highest FV(Fussell vesely) importance is found that short circuit current is frequent due to the poor, loose or unwound connection joint in low voltage circuit. Moreover, if movement failure takes place together at the same time because of the poor performance of ACB(Air circuit breaker) and MCCB(Molded case circuit breaker), such a case is found to have the highest risk of electrical fire. Second, the priority of MCS is based on the CFR part 50 of US Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC). The threshold FV importance for important MCS set at 0.005. The threshold FV importance for basic event is 0.005 and RAW importance, 1.5. If any of the two exceeded the threshold, such a case was viewed as an important event. Third, this thesis presented measures to reduce the probability of electrical fire occurrence in electrical power substation. The RAW importance for electrical power substations is analyzed the highest priority at short circuit current. The basic events influencing electrical fire are presented to reduce risk, caused by malfunction due to setting error in safety device, by the lack of safety device response to currency for load change and power system-related changes. OCR(Over current relay) for important electrical power substation is proposed redundancy structure for lower electrical fire probability. Finally, short circuit-related inspection items are deducted such as overcurrent strength, overcurrent factor, current tap, current time lever and setting. Therefore, in order RAW importance of basic events, the plan is suggested to find correlation with causes of system failure and enhance system reliability.
3호선 VVVF 전동차 공기조화 냉방설비 유지 보수 관리 최적화 연구
박영호 한양대학교 공학대학원 2020 국내석사
현대 사회는 지구 온난화와 각종 미세먼지 수치의 증가로 공기조화 냉방설비의 사용범위 확대와 가동 시간의 증가를 요구하고 있다. 산업의 발달로 대도시에 인구와 상업시설, 업무시설, 주거시설이 집중 배치되면서 그에 따르는 여러 가지 기반시설인 도로, 지하철, 상하수도 등의 시설들이 설치되었다. 시민들이 이용하는 대중교통 수단 중 가장 큰 비중을 차지하고 있는 지하철은 밀폐된 좁은 공간에 다수의 이용승객이 밀집되어 이용하기 때문에 시민들이 느끼는 쾌적함은 공기조화 냉방설비에 의해 좌우되어 그 중요성은 더욱더 강조되고 있다. 따라서 본 논문 에서는 서울 지하철 노선 중 3호선에 운행되고 있는 VVVF 전동차의 옥상과 객실 내부에 설치되어 있는 공기조화 냉방설비의 구조 및 동작 원리를 살펴보았고, 운전실에서 기관사가 공기조화 냉방설비를 제어할 수 있고 눈으로 확인할 수 있는 현시 장치인 TCMS와 각 량에서 설비를 실시간으로 제어, 감시하여 이상 유무를 고장 코드 등으로 현시하는 마이컴의 특징들을 확인할 수 있었다. 또한 시민들이 또타 지하철 앱을 통하여 제기한 덥다는 민원을 호선 별, 요일 별, 시간대 별로 분석하여 전동차를 이용하는 승객들의 더위 민원을 최소화할 수 있는 방안을 제시하였다.
北韓 主體思想의 變化에 關한 硏究 : 理論과 展開 樣相을 中心으로
박영호 濟州大學校 敎育大學院 1996 국내석사
본 연구는 북한 주체사상의 이론과 전개 양상의 변화과정을 분석하는 데 목적이 있으먀, 특히 김일성 사망 후 김정일에 의하여 전개되는 주체사상의 강조점들에 주목하여 그 장래를 예측하고자 한다. 북한에서 '주체'라는 개념이 공식적으로 등장한 것은 1950년대 중반부터이며, 이개념으로부터 '주체사상'으로 이론적 체계를 갖추기 시작한 것은 1970년대 초반에 와서였다. 추제사상의 변화는 1974년 김정일이 김일성의 후계자로 내정되고 '김일성주의'를 천명하게 되면서 구체적으로 드러나게 됐다. 김정일의 '주체사상에 대하여(1982)'와 '주체사상교양에서 제기되는 몇 가지 문제에 대하여(1986)'란 두 논문은 주체사상의 이론체계를 정립했을 뿐만 아니라 주체사상의 변화과정에 중요한 의미를 지니고 있다. 1980년대 주체사상의 변화과정에 드러난 중요한 특색은 기존의 마르크스-레닌주의 전통의 계승이 감소한 반면 차별성이 상대적으로 부각됐다는 것이다. 김정일은 이 무렵을 전후하여 사회주의 대변혁을 목격하면서 김일성 지배하의 조선민족만이 사회주의 체제의 완성된 단위가 된다는 '조선민족 제일주의'를 주장하였다. 다른 한편으로 북한이 다른 사회주의 체제와 구별된다는 점에서 '우리식 사회주의'를 주창했다. 이것은 체제의 존속에 대한 위기의식 속에서 방어적 논리로 나온 것이었다. 주체사상과 북한체제와의 관계는 상호작용의 관계였다. 사상이 체제를 규정하여 이끌어 온 측면도 있었고, 체제의 유지와 발전을 위하여 정치지도자들이 사상을 형성해 온 측면도 있었다. 따라서 주체사상은 북한 체제가 붕괴할 때 함께 사라질 것이지만, 그 시기까지는 대체로 기존의 틀을 유지하면서 부분적으로 상당한 유연성을 보이며 존속하게 될 것으로 본다. This thesis aims at analyzing the Juche Idea of North Korea and the transformation process of its development aspect. Especially, the purpose of this thesis is to predict the future of North Korea focusing on the stressing points of Juche Idea developed by Kim gongs after Kim Il-Sung's death. The concept of 'Juche' made its appearance publicly in North Korea in the mid-1950s. Beginning from this concept, it began to be systematized as Juche Idea in the early 1970s. The transformation of Juche Idea took a concrete shape in 1974 when Kim gong-I1 was decided unofficially as Kim Il-Sung's successor and made clear 'Kim Il-Sungism'. The two theses : "On Juche Idea" (1982) and "About Some Issues Questioned in the Teaching of Juche Idea"(1986), set up its theoretical system and had an important meaning in the transformation process of Juche Idea. The significant peculiarity disclosed in the transformation process of Juche Idea in 1980 showed that it had its clear distinction from Marx-Leninism. That is, while the succession of Marx-Leninism is showing a decline, Kim Il-Sungism shows its continuance. Before and after that period, Kim gongs saw the revolution of socialism with his own eyes. Therefore he insisted that only Chosen People under Kim Il-Sung's rule could complete the Socialism System and that Chosen People was the first rank in the world. On the other hand, he advocated 'Brisk Socialism (their one and only socialism)' in the point of distinguishing their socialism system from others. This insistence arose as a defensive instinct from the recognition of their critical situation. North Korean system and Juche Idea have their intimate relationship mutually. One side, the idea has supported North Korean forming its own system. On the other side, the politicians have fabricated their own idea for the preservation and the development of their national polity. Therefore, Juche Idea must be vanished at the same time with the collapse of the North Korean system. Anyway, I think that the previous frame of Juche Idea must be kept for the most part and remained seeming a considerable flexibility until then.
An Analysis of Elementary School Students ' Perception to Violence at School Park Young-ho Department of Educational Administration, Graduate School of Education Kumoh National Institute of Technology Abstract The purpose of this study is to analyze elementary school students ' perception of school violence, the current state of school violence damage, the state of crime committed, the state of sightings, and the degree of awareness about school violence prevention education and to seek improvement plans. The empirical study aims to analyze and identify the following issues among elementary school students by conducting a survey. First, what is the perception of school violence? Second, what is the perception of the damage done to school violence? Third, what is the perception of school violence? Fourth, what is the perception of school violence sightings? Fifth, what is the perception about school violence prevention education? The tools used to solve this research issue were provided to refer to the contents of the self-diagnostic for understanding of school violence at the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology (2012) and to consult the guidance and advice of the academic advisor. The research targets are all (13,279 students) in the fourth - to sixth-grade elementary schools in Gumi, North Gyeongsang Province. On the basis of this study, the conclusions are presented as follows : First, understanding of physical violence, verbal abuse, and bullying was high in fifth grade, and in the perception of the frequency and increase of school violence, it was recognized that the larger the school, the larger the number was. This is because fifth graders are more willing to report and prevent school violence, and older people often talk in cyber environments, and the larger the school, the less interest and consideration they give to individual students. Accordingly, to solve this problem, the government should enhance understanding education on physical violence, verbal abuse, and bullying in the fourth and sixth graders, and enhance education on ICT ethics in the sixth graders. Second, boys were more likely to suffer physical and physical abuse damage than girls, and the most common damage was caused by verbal abuse in sixth grade. It is judged that boys are aggressive, have a lot of playful physical contact, and that the 6th grade is exposed to a lot of cyber culture and is influenced by the wrong Internet language. Therefore, to solve this problem, we should teach boys about examples of physical violence, retrainerate them to prevent casual physical contact, and reduce the correct usage of Internet terms in sixth graders. Third, boys had more experience in physical and verbal abuse than girls. It is judged that boys are more likely to use physical violence, are more aggressive, are more likely to be playful and use Internet games, swear words and coarse language. Therefore, we should educate boys not to use even minor physical violence to solve this problem, and expand the education to promote examples of bad language usage, promote Internet games, abuse and reduce abuse. Fourth, boys had a lot of experience in observing verbal abuse and cyber bullying in the 6th grade. This is because boys have a lot of playful swear words and swear words, and the 6th grade has a lot of time for using the Internet, and it is thought to mimic cyber abuse and bullying. Accordingly, boys should be given examples of swear words and slang that they should not use to solve this problem, and they should also be strengthened in prevention education such as using smart phones correctly, using swear words on the Internet, and not to pretend to be bullied. Fifth, the fifth grade actively responded to the group needed to prevent school violence with its own answers, and the small number of school students were highly satisfied with the education required to prevent school violence, and the video also showed a high level of school violence prevention education. This is because fifth graders have a high understanding of school violence and are often determined to have a strong mind and will to solve school violence problems, and the smaller the size of the school, the more concerned they are about individual students. Accordingly, the government should include fifth graders in its efforts to prevent school violence, and the methods of preventing school violence should expand education at a small group, peer counseling, and individual counseling.
Evaluation of blood-brain barrier permeability using intraventricular magnetic resonance signals
배경: 혈액-뇌 장벽의 투과도 증가는 여러 신경계 질환의 발생 기전과 관계가 있음이 알려져 있다. 뇌척수액 알부민 농도와 혈청 알부민 농도의 비는 혈액-뇌 장벽의 투과도 평가에 기준으로 이용되어 왔다. 본 연구에서는 뇌실내 자기공명영상 신호를 이용하여 혈액-뇌 장벽 투과도 평가를 하고자 한다. 방법 및 결과: 51명의 환자군의 뇌 자기공명영상에서 가돌리늄 조영제 사용 전후의 T1 강조 영상에 대해 후향성 분석을 시행하였다. 뇌척수액 공간, 혈액 공간, 부비동 공간에서 관심 영역을 설정하여 신호강도를 구한 뒤 정량적 비교 위해 신호강도를 표준화하였다. 뇌척수액 공간과 혈액 공간에서 신호강도 변화비를 구하여 부비동 공간의 신호강도로 보정한 뒤 기존에 투과도 평가에 사용되어 온 뇌척수액/혈청 알부민 농도비와 상관분석을 시행하였다. 피어슨 상관계수는 -0.375, 유의확률은 0.007으로 두 변수 사이에 유의한 상관성이 확인되었다. 결론: 뇌척수액 공간과 혈액 공간의 신호강도 변화비는 뇌척수액/혈청 알부민 농도비와 음의 상관관계를 보였다. 뇌척수액 순환이 느린 경우 뇌척수액 알부민 농도는 상승하나, 이러한 환자에서 가돌리늄 조영제는 맥락총에서 뇌척수액으로 적게 분비되어 투여 직후에는 뇌실내 뇌척수액의 조영 증강이 낮을 것이다. Background: Increased permeability of blood-brain barrier (BBB) is known to be involved in the pathogenesis of many neurological diseases. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)/serum albumin ratios have been used as standards for assessing BBB permeability. We evaluated BBB permeability using intraventricular magnetic resonance signals. Methods and Results: This is a retrospective analysis of 51 patients. We manually placed regions of interest at the CSF space, the vessel space, and the paranasal sinus in precontrast and postcontrast enhanced T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging. Signal intensities could be quantified by applying the standardization method. The signal intensity quotient was calculated as the signal intensity change ratio of the CSF space to the vessel space with adjustment using signal intensity of the paranasal sinus. Correlation analysis was performed to evaluate the association between CSF/serum albumin ratio and the signal intensity quotient. Pearson coefficient was -0.375 and p-value was 0.007. Conclusion: The signal intensity quotient showed an inverse association with the albumin quotient. This finding might be explained by the impact of CSF flow rate to the alteration of CSF production in the choroid plexus.
박영호 慶北大學校 敎育大學院 1983 국내석사
The meaning of this thesis is to study the literature of Wolsa, Sangchon, Kyegok, Takdang who were what we call four masters form king Seonjo to king Injo in Choseon dynasty, and to study proses among Kyegok works. Kyegok criticized the Jeongjuhak(程朱學), the main stream at that time, the attitude of scholar who had not basis but excuse, the deficient and inexact evidence, and he claimed the freedom of literature. In the sentence on the basis of the idea of Sangjil (尙質), he claimed Zuriron(主理論) which emphasized on Ri(理) and that writers concentrate their energies not the excessive modification and trite remarks but writings with their personalities. Therefore he made much of old-fashioned writing style. He made the literature be separated from ethics. He had a view of literature that literary nature was to express human's pure mind, that he regarded literary activity as an independent work. This literary view was in poems. He insisted that poetic nature be to express temper, that the secrets of nature be included in poems, that the function of poems be to enlighten the society as temper purification, to have miracle and immortality. poetry included Zugiron(主氣論). Poets had to try good poems ceaselessy. They have to learn Dang(唐) people's spirit to establish a school of their own. He emphasized five commandments when he wrote poems. He made much of a rhyme and the process of exercises. To criticize poems, high level of creation is required, the value of works is emphasized. He emphasized contents more than form, took pride in his own works. In the theory of writers, he criticized writers with a method of appreciation and criticism. The theory of work he made much of work itself, emphasized Sangzil(尙質), rated works high written according to a rhyme-rule. Kyegok made literature be independant of ethics, to seek its true character. He rationalized old-fashioned style aesthetically.