http://chineseinput.net/에서 pinyin(병음)방식으로 중국어를 변환할 수 있습니다.
변환된 중국어를 복사하여 사용하시면 됩니다.
Epidermal Growth Factor 와 Transforming Growth Factor-α가 인체 구강편평상피세포암 세포의 성장에 미치는 영향에 관한 실험적 연구
박영욱,Park, Young-Wook 대한악안면성형재건외과학회 1998 Maxillofacial Plastic Reconstructive Surgery Vol.20 No.4
Stimulatory effects of epidermal growth factor (EGF) and transforming growth $factor-{\alpha}$($TGF-{\alpha}$) on the growth of squamous cancer cell lines established from human oral cancer tissue with moderate differentiation were studied in vitro. After culturing in serum-free media for 24 hours, growth factors-EGF only, $TGF-{\alpha}$ only and EGF, $TGF-{\alpha}$ together-were added to the media and numbers of cells were analyzed by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and compared with the control at 96, 144 hours. Each of EGF and $TGF-{\alpha}$ showed statistically significant stimulatory effects on the growth of cells respectively. Dose-dependent relationship of the stimulatory effects were not clearly demonstrated. The effects of EGF were higher than those of $TGF-{\alpha}$ and combinative administration showed higher effects than those of single uses. In conclusion, EGF may play an important and major role in differentiation and growth of human oral squamous cancer cells. $TGF-{\alpha}$, produced from cells activated by EGF, also can stimulate the cell growth and could be an alternative ligand for EGF receptor.
박영욱,이동성 경상대학교 생산기술연구소 2002 工學硏究院論文集 Vol.2 No.-
A series of polyimide-PDMS nanocomposites were fabricated by the reaction of polyimide, epoxysilane (coupling agent), and diethoxydimethylsilane (DEDMS) via the sol-gel process. The nanocomposite films were obtained by the hydrolysis and condensation of DEDMS in the polyimide solution. The existence of the condensation product of DEDMS in the polyimide matrix was confirmed by FT-IR. The concentration of PDMS on the surface of the polyimide matrix was observed by the comparison of FT-IR and ATR spectra. The contact angle of polyimide-PDMS composites increased more 40˚ than that of pure polyimide. AC breakdown strength was obtained by the measurement of AC breakdown voltage at the liquid nitrogen temperature. As PDMS contents in the polyimide increased, the characteristics of insulating breakdown improved greatly. Especially, the best AC breakdown strength observed in the polyimide-30 wt% epoxysilane-30 wt% PDMS nanocomposite.
PEO/PVP Blends에 기초한 고분자 고체전해질의 제조 및 물성
박영욱,이동성 경상대학교 생산기술연구소 2002 工學硏究院論文集 Vol.2 No.-
The new solid polymer electrolytes were fabricated by the addition of lithium perchlorates in the blends of polyethylene oxide (PEO, MW=5×10 exp (6)) and poly-4-vinylpyridine (PVP, MW=1.6×10 exp (6)). Not only the coordinating bonding between ether units (-0-) of PEO and Li^+ ions at about 1100 ㎝^-1 but also the existence of pyridine salts at about 3500 ㎝^-1 were definitely observed in the FT-IR spectra. The addition of PVP in the PEO matrix is to restrict mobility of ClO^-_4 ions through the coupling of PVP and ClO^-_4 ions. Therefore, the increase of PVP contents is expected to decrease self-discharge rate. In the case of PEO-PVP blends without LiClO_4, the T_m and the degree of crystallinity were decreased by the increase of PVP contents. On the contrary, those of PEO-PVP blends with LiClO_4 were increased with the increase of PVP contents. The results can be explained that ClO^-_4 ions, which reduced the crystallinity of PEO by steric hindrance, were segregated from the PEO by the coupling of PVP and ClO^-_4 ions. The new solid polymer electrolytes based on PEO-PVP blends showed ionic conductivities of the order of 10^8 to 10^-7 S/㎝.
박영욱 사법발전재단 2021 사법 Vol.1 No.55
Defamation regards publicity as its constituent element by regulating “a person who defames another by publicly alleging facts” (Article 307(1) of the Criminal Act). The concept of publicity refers to a manner or method of criminal acts requiring the facts to be publicly alleged. The precedents and majority theories view publicity of defamation as “the condition that many and unspecified persons are recognizable.” However, the precedents have been settled as the precedent theory established by the Supreme Court since “the so-called theory of propagation possibility that “publicity is recognized in a case where there is a high chance that the other party may disseminate the alleged facts to many and unspecified persons even if the facts related to a person are individually spread” was recognized” in accordance with Supreme Court Decision 68Do1569 decided December 24, 1968. Criticizing such attitude of the precedents, the Majority Opinion takes a position that “publicity cannot be recognized even if the facts is likely to be propagated to many and unspecified person therefrom in a case where the other party of the facts alleged spreads them to a few persons” as the meaning of “the condition that many and unspecified persons are directly recognizable (theory of the possibility of direct recognition). Eventually, the difference between both theories lies with whether publicity may be recognized where there is a high possibility of being propagated to many and unspecified persons despite alleging facts to “a few certain persons,” and the main issue of the subject case is also whether the theory of propagation possibility maintained by previous precedents may be discarded. The Majority Opinion of the subject case viewed that the theory of propagation possibility has been developed by the Supreme Court for a long period of time for the following reasons, and is still reasonable today even in legal and practical terms. (1) The Supreme Court precedents set concrete and objective standards for application with resect to the propagation possibility, considering that the freedom of expression is feared to be intimidated as the punishment is expanded in a case where the theory of propagation possibility is limitlessly applied, and has rigidly recognized publicity by applying the theory of propagation possibility under the premise that the awareness of the propagation possibility is needed by stereotyping the standards for judgment such as denying the possibility of propagation according to the relationship between the other party related to the facts alleged and the criminal defendant or victim. Therefore, objective standards for determining the existence of propagation possibility do not exist, there is a high chance that a person’s own will may be intervened in the application of the above theory, and the criticism that the responsibility for results is recognized cannot be a reasonable criticism on the current precedents of the Supreme Court. (2) As abstract endangerment offences, defamation does not require the results of infringement and is enough on the sole basis of the fact that the risk of defaming another occurred. Thus, the case where the condition that many and unspecified persons may recognize is caused even if the facts are disseminated to a few persons can be seen to be publicly alleged. (3) Publicity may vary in the concept and contents depending on the change of time and development of information and communication network, and defamation therethrough is also drastically increasing as most communicative expressions are done through information and communication network. In that information and communications network is characterized by an information distribution process whose intrinsic attribute is untact, the scope of “the other party of an act” and demarcation of defamation through information and communications network as a result of the availability of unlimited storage, reproduc... 명예훼손죄는 ‘공연히 사실을 적시하여 사람의 명예를 훼손한 자’라고 규정하여(형법 제307조 제1항), 공연성을 구성요건으로 규정한다. 공연성은 사실의 적시가 공연히 이루어질 것을 요구하는 범죄행위의 양태 또는 방법에 해당한다. 명예훼손죄에서 공연성을 ‘불특정 또는 다수인이 인식할 수 있는 상태’라고 보는 것이 판례와 다수설의 태도이다. 그런데 판례는 대법원 1968. 12. 24. 선고 68도1569 판결에서 ‘개별적으로 한 사람에 대하여 사실을 유포하였더라도 그 상대방이 불특정 또는 다수인에게 적시된 사실을 전파할 가능성이 있는 경우 공연성을 인정’하는 이른바 전파가능성 이론 내지 전파가능성 법리를 인정한 이래 대법원의 확립된 판례이론으로 정착되었다. 다수의 학설은 이러한 판례의 태도를 비판하면서 공연성은 ‘불특정 또는 다수인이 직접 인식할 수 있는 상태’를 의미하는 것으로 사실적시의 상대방이 소수의 사람에게 말한 경우는 설사 그로부터 불특정 또는 다수인에게 전파될 가능성이 있다고 하더라도 공연성을 인정할 수 없다는 입장이다(직접인식가능성설). 결국 양설의 차이는 ‘특정 소수’에게 사실을 적시하였는 데 불특정 또는 다수인에게 전파될 가능성이 있는 경우에 공연성을 인정할 수 있는지 여부에 있고, 대상판결도 기존 판례가 유지해 온 전파가능성 법리의 폐기 여부가 쟁점이다. 대상판결의 다수의견은 다음과 같은 이유로 전파가능성 법리는 대법원이 오랜 시간에 걸쳐 발전시켜 온 것으로 현재에도 여전히 법리적으로나 현실적인 측면에서 타당하다고 보았다. (1) 대법원 판례는 전파가능성 법리를 제한 없이 적용할 경우 처벌이 확대되어 표현의 자유가 위축될 우려가 있다는 점을 고려하여 전파가능성 여부의 구체적·객관적인 적용기준을 세우고, 적시의 상대방과 피고인이나 피해자와의 관계에 따라 전파가능성을 부정하는 등 판단 기준을 유형화하면서 전파가능성에 대한 인식이 필요함을 전제로 전파가능성 법리를 적용함으로써 공연성을 엄격하게 인정해 왔다. 따라서 전파가능성 유무를 판단할 객관적 기준이 존재하지 아니하여 그 적용에 자의가 개입될 수 있고, 결과책임을 인정한다는 비판은 현재의 대법원 판례에 대한 타당한 비판이 될 수 없다. (2) 명예훼손죄는 추상적 위험범으로서 침해의 결과를 요하지 아니하고 명예를 훼손할 위험성이 발생한 것으로 족한 이상, 소수의 사람에게 발언하였다고 하더라도 그로 인해 불특정 또는 다수인이 인식할 수 있는 상태를 초래한 경우에도 공연히 발언한 것으로 볼 수 있다. (3) 공연성은 시대 변화나 정보통신망 발달에 따라 그 개념과 내용이 달라질 수 있고, 현재는 정보통신망을 통해 대부분의 의사표현이 이루어지며, 이를 이용한 명예훼손도 급격히 증가해 가고 있다. 정보통신망의 특성은 비대면성 등을 그 본질적 속성으로 하는 정보유통과정으로서, 정보의 무한 저장, 재생산 및 전달의 용이성으로 인하여 정보통신망을 이용한 명예훼손은 ‘행위 상대방’ 범위와 경계가 불분명해지고, 명예훼손 내용을 소수에게만 보냈음에도 행위 자체로 불특정 또는 다수인이 인식할 수 있는 상태를 형성하는 경우가 다수 발생하게 된다. 따라서 정보통신망을 이용한 명예훼손 행위에 대하여, 상대방이 직접 인식하여야 한다거나 특정된 소수의 상대방으로는 공연성을 충족하지 못한다는 법리를 내세...