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Biohydrogen Production from Carbon Monoxide and Water by Rhodopseudomonas palustris P4
박성훈,오유관,Yu-Jin Kim,Ji-Young Park,Tae Ho Lee,김미선 한국생물공학회 2005 Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering Vol.10 No.3
A reactor-scale hydrogen (H2) production via the water-gas shift reaction of carbon monoxide (CO) and water was studied using the purple nonsulfur bacterium, Rhodopseudomonas palustris P4. The experiment was conducted in a two-step process: an aerobic/chemoheterotro-phic cell growth step and a subsequent anaerobic H2 production step. Important parameters investigated included the agitation speed, inlet CO concentration and gas retention time. P4 showed a stable H2 production capability with a maximum activity of 41 mmol H2 g cell-1h-1 during the continuous reactor operation of 400 h. The maximal volumetric H2 production rate was estimated to be 41 mmol H2 L-1h-1, which was about nine-fold and fifteen-fold higher than the rates reported for the photosynthetic bacteria Rhodospirillum rubrum and Rubrivivax gelatinosus, respectively. This is mainly attributed to the ability of P4 to grow to a high cell density with a high specific H2 production activity. This study indicates that P4 has an outstanding potential for a continuous H2 production via the water-gas shift reaction once a proper bioreactor system that provides a high rate of gas-liquid mass transfer is developed.
박성훈 한국산업경제학회 2023 산업경제연구 Vol.36 No.2
It is witnessed that third countries directly or indirectly participate in military conflicts. This study analyzes the impact of 'substantial' military capabilities, including the support from a third country, on the strategic actions of the parties to the conflict. In particular, it will be investigated whether support from the third country increases rent dissipation. To this end, this study uses a winner-take-all contest model to induce the equilibrium level of force of the countries, the equilibrium probability of wining, the equilibrium expected payoffs, and the rent dissipation arising from the military conflict. Next, this study looks at how changes in 'substantial' military capabilities affect the level of force, the probability of winning, the expected payoffs, and the rent dissipation. The main results of this study are as follows. First, a country with a relatively high 'substantial' military capability becomes the favorite with a low level of force, and that country obtains higher expected payoff than its opponent. Second, support from the third country can reduce the level of force of both countries, and the condition must be that the country receiving support has a significantly higher chance of winning. Third, in order for support from the third country to reduce rent dissipation, the party that is supported must become the favorite. The implications of this study are as follows. The support from a third country affects can reduce rent dissipation. This result shows that support from third countries can reduce the waste of social resources. 군사 분쟁에 제3국이 직간접적으로 참여하는 경우가 목격된다. 본 연구는 제3국의 지원을 포함한 ‘실질적’ 군사능력이 (i) 분쟁 당사국의 전략적 행위에 미치는 영향, (ii) 분쟁으로부터 발생하는 사회적 자원낭비를 증가시키는지 조사하게 된다. 이를 위해 본 연구는 승자독식 게임 모형을 이용하여, 기대이익 극대화 문제에서 당사국들의 균형 무력 수준, 균형 승전확률, 균형 기대이익, 그리고 지대소진(사회적 자원낭비)을 유도한다. 다음으로 ‘실질적’ 군사능력의 변화가 무력수준, 승전확률, 기대익, 그리고 지대소진에 어떤 효과를 주는지 알아본다. 본 연구의 주요 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, ‘실질적’ 군사능력이 상대적으로 높은 당사국은 낮은 무력 수준으로 우세국이 되며, 그 당사국은 경쟁국보다 더 높은 기대이익을 얻는다. 둘째, 제3국의 지원 증가는 당사국의 무력수준을 모두 감소시킬 수 있으며, 그 조건은 지원받는 당사국의 승전확률이 월등히 높아야 한다. 셋째, 제3국의 지원이 지대소진을 낮출 수 있으며, 이를 위해서는 당사국이 우세국이 되어야 한다. 본 연구의 시사점은 다음과 같다. 제3국의 지원은 지대소진을 감소시킬 수 있다. 이 결과는제3국의 지원이 사회적 자원낭비를 감소시킬 수 있음을 보이는 것이다.