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강지보재 최적 설치방향을 고려한 경사터널의 거동특성에 대한 수치해석적 연구
박상찬,김성수,신영완,신휴성,김영근,Park, Sang-Chan,Kim, Sung-Soo,Shin, Young-Wan,Shin, Hyu-Soung,Kim, Young-Geun 한국터널지하공간학회 2008 한국터널지하공간학회논문집 Vol.10 No.3
터널 주지보재의 하나인 강지보재는 굴착 후 숏크리트 또는 록볼트의 지보기능이 발휘되기까지 터널 굴착면의 안정을 도모하는데 매우 중요한 역할을 수행한다. 일반적으로 수평터널의 강지보재는 중력방향으로 설치되고 있으며 시공성 및 안정성 측면에서 모두 유리한 것으로 알려져 있다. 그러나 경사터널의 경우는 터널 벽면에 작용하는 주응력 방향과 중력방향이 서로 다르기 때문에 최적의 강지보재 설치방향은 수평터널에서의 중력방향과는 다를 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 수치해석 방법을 이용하여 경사터널 벽면에 작용하는 힘의 작용방향을 규명하였으며 그 방향이 최적의 강지보재 설치방향이 될 수 있다. 즉, 강지보재의 지보효율은 터널 변위가 발생하는 방향으로 저항하도록 설치하는 경우에 최대가 될 수 있다. 국내 터널설계기준에서 제안하고 있는 경사터널에서의 세 가지 강지보재 설치방향을 모델로 설정하여 단계별 해석을 통한 비교검토를 수행하였다. 연구결과 경사터널 벽면에서의 변위 발생각은 막장경사와 관계없이 모두 터널 굴착면에 수직한 방향과 유사한 각도로 발생하므로 경사터널에서의 강지보재는 터널 굴착면에 수직인 방향으로 설치하는 경우가 지보효율 측면에서 보다 유리한 것으로 검토되었다. The steel rib, one of the main support of tunnel, plays a very important role to stabilize tunnel excavation surface until shotcrete or rockbolt starts to perform a supporting function. In general, a steel rib at the horizontal funnel is being installed in the direction of gravity which is known favorable in terms of constructability and stability. However, as the direction of principal stress at the inclined tunnel wall is different from that of gravity, the optimum direction of steel rib could be different from that at the horizontal tunnel. In this study, a numerical method was used to analyze the direction of force that would develope displacement at the inclined tunnel surface, and that direction could be the optimum direction of steel rib. The support efficiency of steel rib could be maximized when the steel rib was installed to resist the displacement of the tunnel. Three directions which were recommended for the inclined tunnels in the Korea Tunnel Design Standard were used for the numerical models of steel rib direction. In conclusion, the results show that all displacement angle of the models are almost perpendicular to the tunnel surface regardless of face angle. So if the steel rib would be installed perpendicular to the inclined tunnel surface, the support efficiency of steel rib could be maximized.
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입자 크기 및 분포가 유동층의 압력 요동 특성에 미치는 영향
박상찬,조병렬,홍성선 ( Sang Chan Park,Byung Real Jo,Sung Sun Hong ) 한국공업화학회 1995 공업화학 Vol.6 No.1
기체-고체 유동층에서 압력 요동의 통계적 처리방법을 이용하여 유동층 거동을 해석하였다. 측정압력 요동 통계 특성치는 평균값과 표준편차, power spectral 밀도 함수 등이다. 압력 요동의 표준편차는 최소 유동화 속도를 예측하고 유동화 현상을 설명하는데 효과적이며, 압력 요동의 표준편차와 주진동수는 고체 입자의 크기 및 분포의 영향을 받았다. 압력 요동의 표준편차는 균일계의 경우 입자크기가 증가할수록 증가하였으며, Rosin-Rammler분포와 Gaussian 분포에 대해서는 입자 분포의 표준편차가 클수록 압력 요동의 표준편차가 감소하였다. 압력 요동의 주진동수는 균일계의 경우 입자크기가 증가할수록 감소하였으며, Rosin-Rammler와 Gaussian 분포의 경우에는 분포의 편차가 클수록 증가하였다. The pressure fluctuations in a gas-solid fluidized bed has been analysed using statistical method interpreting fluidized bed behavior. The statistical properties of the pressure fluctuations calculated are the mean, the standard deviation, and the power spectral density function, etc. It has been found that the standard deviation of the pressure fluctuations can be effectively used for predicting minimum fluidizing velocity and explaining the fluidized phenomena. The standard deviation and frequency of the pressure fluctuations have been affected by the particle size and its distributions. The standard deviation of pressure fluctuations have been increased with particle size for its uniform distribution, but have been decreased with deviation of distribution for Rosin-Rammler and Gaussian distribution. The major frequency of the pressure fluctuations have been decreased with increasing particle size for uniform distribution, but have been increased with deviation of distribution for Rosin-Rammler and Gaussian distribution.
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박상찬,조병렬 충주대 산업과학기술연구소 1997 産業科學論文集 Vol.5 No.-
In this investigation, the mixing of solid particles in vibration of solid collection system was studied. The system consisted of two particles such that fine particles were located on the top of the coarse particles before vibratory mixing had started. Effect of particle size, particle density, vibration amplitude and vibration frequency were experimentally obtained.
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박상찬 충주대 산업과학기술연구소 1998 産業科學論文集 Vol.6 No.-
Environmental data in Chungju district in relation to air quality were studied. Informations on air quality dealing with specific pollutants, which are SOx, NOx, O3, CO, particulate and acidity of rain were reviewed and analyzed. All results were compared with environmental ambient air quality standards and especially influences by specific pollutants could be forcasted in short and long terms in this area. Also it is expected that this study will be utilized usefully in all other related fields.
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박상찬,류재덕,이기형,Park, Sang-Chan,Ryu, Jae-Deok,Lee, Gi-Hyeong 대한기계학회 2002 大韓機械學會論文集B Vol.26 No.9
Recently, HSDI (High Speed Direct Injection) diesel engine has been spotlighted as a next generation engine because it has a good potential for high thermal efficiency and fuel economy. This study was carried out to investigate the in-cylinder flow characteristics generated in a 4-valve small diesel cylinder head with a tangential and helical intake port. The flow characteristics such as coefficient of flow rate(Cf), swirl ratio (Rs), and mass flow rate (ms) were measured in the steady flow test rig using the impulse swirl meter and the analysis of in-cylinder flow field was conducted by experiment using the PIV and calculation using the commercial CFD code. As the results from steady flow test indicate, the mass flow rate of the cylinder head with a short distance between the two intake ports is increased over 13% than that of the other head. However, the non-dimensional swirl ratio is decreased approximately 15%. From in-cylinder flow characteristics obtained by PIV and CFD calculation, we found that the swirl center was eccentric from the cylinder center and the velocity distribution became uniform near the TDC. In addition, the results of the calculation are good agreement with the experimental results.
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유동층에서 ZSM-5 촉매 입자의 최소 유동화속도 결정
박상찬,이동규 충주대 산업과학기술연구소 1995 産業科學論文集 Vol.3 No.-
Minimum fluidization velocities (Umf) have been determined experimentally in a gas-solid fluidized bed of ZSM-5 catalyst. It has been found that measured values of Umf are ranged around 0.2 cm/sec at increasing fluidized gas velocity and 0.28∼0.32 cm/sec at decreasing fluidized gas velocity. These results can be interpreted by the characteristics of ZSM-5 catalyst classified into several groups by Geldart. Ar and Remf have been introduced to predict equations on Umf. The equation, Ar=890 Remf1.28 has met nearly all experimental data of fluidizing characteristics from fluidized bed of ZSM-5 catalyst.
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