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박상만(Sang-Man Park) 신영어영문학회 2009 신영어영문학 Vol.42 No.-
Sincerity and Authenticity is essentially beyond summary, because its value consists largely in detailed nuance and variation. But we need to distinguish between sincerity and authenticity to a point of high focus in order to bring into the glare of the explicit some of the implication we gather from this book. Sincerity is a social virtue, a compact between me, myself, and you; authenticity is an assertion and defiance to cut away the falsities of culture. Sincerity speaks for a conduct of should; authenticity a repudiation of its bad faith. Sincerity implies a recognition of our limits, while authenticity asserts the self as absolute. Sincerity belongs to an attribute of Romanticism, authenticity to training of Modernism. The ground on which Trilling makes his judgement issues from rooted conviction. He wants people to uphold character. He has pursued the intention of sustaining the authenticity of human existence that formerly had been ratified by God. It is his purpose to keep all things and, above all our self from becoming “weightless.”
박상만 ( Park Sang-man ) 대한영어영문학회 2007 영어영문학연구 Vol.33 No.3
This paper aims to sum up Bakhtin’s ideas about the chronotope, heteroglossia, polyglossia, dilogism, and carnival, and to analyze their influences upon English-American literary criticism. Bakhtin’s focus on history involves his notion of the chronotope. It is the place where the knots of narrative are tied and untied. Katerina Clark draws on Bakhtin to illuminate the socialist realism. Heteroglossia makes up the underlying condition of any utterance. It situates a given utterance in a specific social, historical, and ideological context. Polyglossia is the plurality of languages, discourses, and voices interacting within the framework of the text. Numerous critics applied Bakhtin’s theories of the dialogic nature of language and especially of dialogism in the novel to wide variety of literature. The best Bakhtin-inspired studies of the novel are Holquist’s reading of Dostoevsky and Morson’s of Tolstoy. Booker, Juraga, and Ann Herrmann belong to this category. Bakhtin’s carnival is a time of festive and exuberant celebration when normal social boundaries collapse and groups from different social classes and backgrounds meet and mingle freely in a mood of irreverence. Numberous critics who have drawn on Bakhtin’s carnival include Jon Cook, Michael Bristol, Sallybrass, White, Patricia Yaeger, Robert Stam, Zack Bowen and Robert Bell. (Wonkwang University)
토마스 하디의 『비운의 주드』에 나타난 사회부적응 문제 고찰
박상만 ( Park Sang-man ) 대한영어영문학회 2008 영어영문학연구 Vol.34 No.2
This thesis aims to investigate the aspects of social inadaptability in Jude the Obscure. This work really develops into a battle between reality and ideal. The hero Jude is confronted with ruin by the struggle between Arabella for physical sexuality and Sue for spiritual one. Jude the Obscure, one of the best works in the Victorian Age, shows the aspects of his gloomy and deterministic viewpoint. In this work, The hero Jude seeking for social success arrives at the downfall in the end due to his burning desires that he tries to get over social problems. However, Jude’s characteristic weakness, strong sexual impetus, and habitual drinking cause the hero to destroy his life. In this work, Hardy indicates the structural contradiction regarding education, marriage, and religion problems in the Victorian age. Hardy deals with inner problems of human beings oppressed by the convention of the time. Jude attempts to live his life according to his own nature, rejecting social convention. In the work, Jude continues to struggle against his life to the end, and finally the hero Jude is destroyed by the social inadaptability. We can feel venerable as we see Jude fight against Fate to the end in spite of his character defects. Therefore, we can reach the conclusion that Hardy’s literature creates the lofty beauty of men’s spirit. (Wonkwang University)
토마스 하디의 『광란의 무리를 멀리하고』에 나타난 시각적 표현
박상만(Park, Sang-Man) 강원대학교 인문과학연구소 2013 인문과학연구 Vol.0 No.37
이 논문은 토마스 하디의 『광란의 무리를 멀리하고』에 나타난 시각적인 특징을 연구하고 하디의 예술적인 기술을 재조명하는 것을 목적으로 삼는다. 이 작품은 웨섹스라는 현존하는 지역을 배경으로 하고 있어, 실재 세계 속에서 그 곳의 형상과 의미를 추적하고, 독자들의 친숙한 인식과 시각적 힘을 결합하여 아름다운 자연을 묘사하고 있다. 하디는 이 작품에서 독특한 대조와 양면성을 사용하여, 이 세상의 이중적 속성과 인간해석의 아이러니에 대한 그의 예술적 개념을 시각적으로 반복 사용한다. 또한 이 작품 속의 등장인물들은 하디가 주제별로 사용하고 있는 특징들을 시각적으로 표현해주는 효과를 내고 있으며, 각각의 시각적 장면들은 단지 그림처럼 제시된 것이 아니라, 강렬한 감정을 내포하고 있다. 하디는 이 작품에서 농촌 공동체의 생활과 공동체 사람들의 열망과 좌절, 복합적인 인간관계를 시각적으로 표현하여, 당시의 농촌 공동체가 변화해 가는 것에 대한 아쉬움과 변화할 수밖에 없는 당위성에 대한 현실 인식을 보여준다. 또한 등장인물들의 강렬한 응시행위가 성 문제나 계급 문제와 관련되어 있으며, 풍경묘사는 눈앞에 보이는 대로의 풍경에 그치지 않고 주인공의 심리와 밀접히 연관되어 있다. 본 논문은 하디의 『광란의 무리를 멀리하고』에 나타난 특유의 시각적 표현과 당시 웨섹스 지역에 대한 그의 섬세한 현실인식을 유기적으로 연관지어, 기존의 목가적인 연구를 넘어 시각적 예술성에 초점을 맞추는 데 의미를 두고 있다. This paper aims to study visual artistic features and re-illuminate Hardy"s artistic skills. Far from the Madding Crowd is the first of Hardy"s novels to show a distinct pattern of visual artifice, and the first to show consistently the extended relationship between the mental and physical states, between the worlds of absolute reality and imagined truth. In this novel, Hardy represents the qualities exploited thematically through the characters. Especially the use of color and the imagery makes a fairly consistent pattern throughout the novel, especially relating to the triangle of Bathsheba, Troy and Fanny Robin. Many sharpest scenes in this novel are not only visual effects but they also serve a double purpose, portraying conflicting emotions and ambiguous feelings more surely than any direct exposition could do. To a large extent this is an inevitable result of Hardy"s dramatic visualization of key scenes. The final impression of this novel is of its simplicity and clarity, of the abundance and colour of its miniature dramas, rather than of any deep and complex philosophy of life. Hardy suggests that the power of human love can be a powerful creative force, even one of universal imports. (Wonkwang University)
박상만 ( Sang Man Paik ),박진남 ( Jin Nam Park ),김방순 ( Bang Soon Kim ),박향준 ( Hyang Joon Park ) 대한피부과학회 1995 대한피부과학회지 Vol.33 No.4
We report a case of unilateral nevoid telangiectasia associated with acanthosis nigricans in a 20-year old male patient. Unilateral nevoid telangiectasia may be congenital or acquired. The unilateral and dermatomal distribution suggests that distribution of target vessels is fixed and that they are sensitive to estrogen. Estrogens are mainly produced by the ovaries, but they are also produced by peripheral cirornatization of androgen. Because a major site of this conversion is adipose tissue, estrogen can increase in an obese person. Obesity also reverses the metabolism of estrogen and increases the serum insulin level. Therefore it seems that obesity in our patient induces the development of unilateral nevoid telangiectasia and acanthosis nigricans. (Kor J Dermatol 1995;33(4): 710-716)