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CMOS 기술을 이용한 8-bit x 8-bit 2의 보수 병렬 승산기
박병헌,정강민 成均館大學校 科學技術硏究所 1988 論文集 Vol.39 No.1
In this paper we describe a 8-bit s 8-bit 2's complement parallel multiplier using CMOS technology. Multiplication is frequently the speed--limiting function in many digital signal processing chips. Therefore ahigh-speed multiplier can greatly improve the throughput and the bandwidth of mangy digital systems, like Fourier transform processors and digital filters. The multiplier in this paper implements 2's complement multiplication by the Baugh and Wooley's algorithm, in which all the partial product bit are made positive. The layout has a highly modular structure and has been designed using the 3-㎛ CMOS polysilicon gate technology. The simulation is performed using the circuit simulator SPICE and the logic simulator EDAS-P.
면역성 혈소판 감소성 자반증을 동반한 궤양성 대장염 1예
박병헌,김효종,장영운,민선기,최천웅,이동근,동석호,김병호,이정일,장린 대한소화기내시경학회 2002 Clinical Endoscopy Vol.24 No.1
궤양성 대장염은 혈변, 설사, 복통을 주증상으로 하는 대장의 점막 및 점막하 조직의 비특이적인 만성염증성 질환으로 대장 이외에 눈, 관절, 피부, 간, 담도, 신장과 혈액 등 여러 조직에 다양한 장외증상을 유발한다. 혈액질환으로는 철결핍성 빈혈, 비타민 B12나 엽산(folic acid)의 결핍으로 인한 거적아구성 빈혈, 그리고 자가면역성 용혈성 빈혈이 종종 보고되었지만 면역성 혈소판 감소성 자반증(immune thrombocytopenic purpura, ITP)은 매우 드물게 보고되고 있다. 최근 여러 보고에 의하면 궤양성 대장염과 동반된 ITP가 면역기전에 있어 상호 연관성이 제시되고 있다. 우리 나라에서도 궤양성 대장염과 동반되어 발생한 여러 장외증상에 관한 보고는 있었으나 ITP에 대한 보고는 드물었다. 이에 저자들은 궤양성 대장염 치료 중 발생한 ITP 1예를 보고하면서 궤양성 대장염 환자에서 혈소판 감소가 나타날 경우 약물에 의한 혈소판 감소 이외에도 대장 점막에 있는 항원에 의한 면역 체계의 항진과 변형된 면역조절체계로 인한 ITP의 가능성을 고려하여야 할 것으로 생각한다. Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease with evidence of immune activation and is associated with extraintestinal diseases in numerous target tissues. Extraintestinal manifestations of UC are well described in numerous tissues, most notably mucotaneous, synovial, biliary, and opthalmic. Among hematological complications of UC, autoimmune hemolytic anemia is often reported, but immune-mediated thrombocytopenia (ITP) is rare. We present one case in which exacerbation of UC sequentially induced development of ITP. Platelet-associated antibodies were positive. Bone marrow examinations revealed increased megakaryocyte number. ITP was treated with corticosteroids, intravenous immune γ- globulin and plasmapheresis. However, because previous treatments were not successful, splenectomy was done. This may provide further evidence that ITP is causally associated with UC, and is the result of immunostimulation from luminal antigens and altered immunoregulation. (Korean J Gastrointest Endosc 2002;24:44-48)
이병욱,박병헌,오혜림,이호종,김수영,민선기,황유철,김경진,서환조 대한화학요법학회 2000 대한화학요법학회지 Vol.18 No.4
1988년 1월부터 1997년 12월까지 10년간 경희의료원에 입원했던 환자 중, 세균학적 검사로 확진된 157예의 Klebsiella 균혈증에 대한 임상적 관찰을 하여 다음과 같은 결과을 얻었다. 1) Klebsiella 균혈증의 발생빈도는 입원환자 1000명 3당, 0.79건이었다. 2) 성별로는 남자가 88(56%)명이었고, 여자가 69(44%)명이었으며, 연령별로는 신생아가 19명, 1세에서 39세 사이가 28명, 40세에서 59세 사이가 53명, 60세 이상은 57명이었고 평균 나이는 47.6세였다. 3) 분리빈도는 K. pneumoniae(146명 ; 94%), K. oxytoca(10명 ; 6.4%), K. ozaenae(1명 ; 0.6%)순이었고, 다균주가 배양된 경우는 8예(5.1%)에서 있었다. 4) 원외감염은 87명(55.4%)이었고, 원외감염은 70명(44.6%)이었다. 5) 원발병소는 비뇨기계(35명;22.3%), 간담도계(33명;21%), 호흡기계(27명;17.2%), 복막(6명;3.8%), 정막카데터(5명;3.2%), 기타(3명;1.9%) 순이었고, 원발병소가 밝혀지지 않은 경우는 48명(30.6%)이었다. 6) 기저질환으로는 당뇨병, 고형암, 뇌혈관질환, 담석증, 간경변, 미숙아, 혈액암, 알콜중독증, 만성신부전 등의 순으로 많았다. 7) 가장 흔한 임상양상은 발열(129명;82.2%)이었고, 백혈구 증다증은 117(74.5%)명에서 나타났으며, 범발성혈관내응고증, 패혈성쇽, 급성신부전은 각각 18.5%, 17.8%, 14.6%에서 나타났다. 8) 항균제 감수성 검사에서 β-lactam계열의 ampicillin, carbenicillin, cephlothin에는 각각 87.9%, 91.7%, 27.6%의 내성률을 나타냈고, aminoglycoside계통의 getamicin, tobramycin, kanamycin, amikacin에는 각각 22.3%, 22.9%, 17.4%, 1.3%의 내성률을 나타낸 반면, quinolone 계통의 ciprofloxacin과 ofloxacin에는 각각 3.6%, 0.9%의 내성을 보였으며 imipenem에 대해서는 모든 균주가 감수성을 보였다. 9) Klebsiella 균혈증의 사망률은 22.3%이었다. 10) 원발병소가 호흡기계와 복막인 경우, 부적절한 항균제 치료를 한 경우, 치료 도중 범발성혈관내응고증, 패혈성쇽, 급성신부전이 발생한 경우는 높은 사망률을 보였다. 11) 본 연구기간의 후반기에는 전반기보다 중증감염의 빈도가 많았다. 결론 : 이상의 결과에서 Klebsiella 균혈증은 신생아와 여러 가지 기저질환이 있는 성인환자에서 주로 발생하였고, 최근 들어 다약제 내성 균주의 급속한 출현에 의한 중증 감염이 증가하는 양상을 보이고 있으므로, 감수성 검사에 의한 적절한 항균제 선택이 환자의 치료 및 예후에 중요할 뿐만 아니라 내성 균주의 출현을 줄이는데 기여할 것이다. A clinical review on 158 patients with Klebsiella bacteremia among the patients who admitted to Kyunghee University Hospital from January 1988 to December 1997 was done. The incidence of Klebsiella bacteremia was 0.79 cases per 1000 admitted patients. The disease was community acquired in 55.4%. nosocomically acquired in 44.6%. 146 cases were caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae, 10 cases by Klebsiella oxytoca, one case by Klebsiella ozaenae, and 8 episodes were a part of a polymicrobial bacteremia. Portals of entry were urinary tract (22.3%), hepatobiliary tract (21%), pulmonary tract (17.2%), peritoneum (3.8%), intravenous tract (3.2%), and others (1.9%) in decreasing order of frequency. In 30.6% of patients, site of origin of the bacteremia could not be identified. Underlying diseases frequently encountered were diabetes, solid cancers, cerebrovascular accident and cholelithiasis. The most frequent clinical finding was fever (15 patients) , and the second was leukocytosis (117 patients). Disseminated intravascular coagulation septic shock and acute renal failure occurred in 18.5%. 17.8%. and 14.6% respectively. The isolated strains were resistant to ampicillin in 87.9% and to gentamicin in 22.3%, and all the isolates were sensitive imipenem. The overall mortality was 22.3%. THe higher mortality was shown in cases that patients received inappropriate antibiotic treatment, and disseminated intravascular coagulation, septic shock, and acute renal failure occurred during the disease courses, and portals of entry were pulmonary tract and peritoneum. In conclusion, Klebsiella bacteremia commonly occurred in neonates and adult patients with underlying diseases. Recently, the incidence of severe infections caused by multi-drug resistant strains is increasing. Appropriate antibiotic therapy is important in the prognosis and may reduce the appearance of resistant strains.
고콜레스테롤혈증 성인환자에서 무증상 갑상선 기능저하증의 빈도와 혈청 콜레스테롤 치에 대한 혈청 TSH 의 영향
정원제(Won Jea Jeong),박병헌(Byeong Heon Park),박철영(Cheol Young Park),류미숙(Mee Sook Ryu),오승준(Seung Joon Oh),우정택(Jeong Tack Woo),김성운(Sung Woon Kim),양인명(In Myoung Yang),김진우(Jin Woo Kim),최영길(Young Kil Choi),팽정령( 대한내과학회 2002 대한내과학회지 Vol.62 No.2
N/A Background: Subclinical hypothyroidism is frequently discovered from hypercholesterolemic adults. It is defined as an asymptomatic state which characterized by normal free thyroxine (FT4) and elevated thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) level. Hypercholesterolemia is a major risk factor for coronary heart disease, however hypercholesterolemia caused by hypothyroidism can be easily managed by thyroid hormone replacement. The screening of thyroid disease in hypercholesterolemia patient must be emphasized in order to find out correctable hypothyroidism. So we screened the prevalence of overt and subclinical hypothyroidism at different hypercholesterol levels in middle-aged men and women and also analyzed the correlation between TSH and total cholesterol level. Methods: We measured serum TSH levels and FT4 by radioimmunoassay from 491 patients with hypercholesterolemia. The subjects were divided into two groups according to serum cholesterol level. Group I was serum cholesterol ≥240 -〈300 mg/dL and group II was ≥300 mg/dL. Subclinical hypothyroidism was defined as TSH levels higher than 4 mU/L, in the presence of normal FT4 concentration. Results: The overall prevalence of subclinical and overt hypothyroidism was 3.4% and 2.5% in men and 4.7% and 3.5% in women of middle age. In men the prevalence of overt and subclinical hypothyroidism increased from 2.3% of group I to 16.1% in the group II (p<0.05). In women that increased from 5.2 % to 12.9 % (p<0.05). After age correction, an increase of 1 mU/L TSH in men was associated with an increase of 3.2 mg/dL total cholesterol (p<0.01). A similar trend was also found in women (2.1 mg/dL p=0.052). Conclusion: In this population, the prevalence of hypothyroidism is up to 16.1% in middle-aged men, 12.9% in middle-aged women with high total cholesterol and it may justify screening of thyroid disease in hypercholesterolemic patients especially in clinical practice.(Korean J Med 62:187-193, 2002)