흰쥐에 있어서 LY-l17018 및 tamoxifen이 이 착상에 미치는 영향

박경식,권종국,Park, Kyoung-Sik,Kwun, Jong-Kuk 대한생리학회 1986 대한생리학회지 Vol.20 No.2

These studies were carried out to investigate the effects of the antiestrogens, LY-117018 and tamoxifen, on implantation in ovariectomized or intact adult rats. A Quantity of $80\;{\mu}g$ of LY-l17018 or tamoxifen was given to adult female rats on Day 1, 2, 3 and 4 of pregnancy and investigated the implantation sites on Bay 8 of pregnancy. The rats were ovariectomized at the first day of pregnancy and treated with various doses of LY-l17018 or tamoxifen together with progesterone daily from Day 2 to 8 of pregnancy and then investigated the implantation sites on Day 8 of pregnancy The results were summarized as follows; When a single dose of $80\;{\mu}g$ LY-l17018 and tamoxifen was given during the first 4 days of pregnancy, the implantation was intesively inhibited in the pregnant rat treated with LY-l17018 on Day 2 $(14.4{\pm}3.5%),\;3(16.3{\pm}5.3%)\;and\;tamoxifen\;on\;Days\;2\;(17.4{\pm}4.6%),\;3\;(16.3{\pm}2.8%)\;and\;4\;(13.9{\pm}3.5%).$ LY-l17018 was apt to inhibit more potently the implantation than tamoxifen except on Day 4 of pregnancy In rats ovariectomized on Day 1 of pregnancy and treated continucusly with 12? r9 of LY-117018 and tamoxifen together with progesterone showed the highest implantation rate, compared with the rats treated continuously with different doses of the two drugs. The correlation coefficients between the dosage of drugs and implantation rate were r= 0.91 (LY-117018), 0.51 (tamoxifen), respectively, except treatment with $625\;{\mu}g$ of the drugs. Tamoxifen was apt to stimulate the implantation more potently than LY-l17018 except groups treated with $625\;{\mu}g$ of the two drugs.

흰쥐에 있어서 LY-117018 및 Tamoxifen이 생식기관에 미치는 영향

박경식,권종국,Park, Kyoung-Sik,Kwun, Jong-Kuk 대한생식의학회 1987 Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine Vol.14 No.1

This study was carried out to investigate the effects of the antiestrogens, LY-117018 and tamoxifen on reproductive organ of ovariectomized immature rats and also to elucidate the mechanism of action of said compounds by bioassay. Each of LY-117018, tamoxifen and estradiol-17${\beta}$ was administered to ovariectomized immature rats at various dose levels. Forty hours after drug administration, tested rats were sacrificed and uterine wet weight, DNA and RNA contents in uterine and liver tissues were investigated. At the same time, uterine wet weight was also investigated with some other rats treated with 125${\mu}g$ of LY-117018 together with increasing doses of tamoxifen. Ovariectomized immature rats given 25${\mu}g$ single dose of each drug were sacrificed on Day 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 after drug administration and uterine was weighed to estimate the duration of action of LY-117018 and tamoxifen. The results were summarized as follows: 1. The administration of LY-117018 or tamoxifen to ovariectomized rats increased uterine wet weight and DNA and RNA contents in uterine tissues with more increase in tamoxifen groups, but significant differences between groups treated at dose levels of 5${\beta}$ or more of both drugs were observed. Estradiol-17${\beta}$ groups showed significant increases in each group(P<0.01). 2. The administration of LY-117018 or tamoxifen to each group significantly increased DNA and RNA contents in liver tissues with more increase in tamoxifen groups. Estradiol-17${\beta}$ groups showed no significant differences between treatment groups of 5${\beta}$ or more. 3. Treatment with 125${\beta}$ of LY-117018 together with various doses of tamoxifen resulted in more increase of uterine wet weight than treatment with a single dose of LY-117018 or tamoxifen. 4. Treatment with 0.2${\beta}$ of LY-117018 or tamoxifen in ovariectomized rats decreased uterine wet weight,DNA and RNA contents in liver and uterine tissues compared with ovariectomized control. 5. The duration of effective action of LY-1l7018 and tamoxifen was 4 days or more. 6. There was significant difference(P<0.001) in uterine wet weight between Day 9after ovariectomy (two days after LY-117018 or tamoxifen treatment) and Day 10(63.7${\pm}$3.5mg, 39.2${\pm}$9.9mg, respectively).

Effect of Platelet-Activating Factor on Cyclic Nucleotide Level in Rat Uterine tissue during Preimplantation Period

박경식,권종국,Park, Kyoung-Sik,Kwun, Jong-Kuk The Korean Society for Reproductive Medicine 1991 Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine Vol.18 No.2

본 연구의 목적은 임신 초기 자궁 조직중의 cyclic nucleotide 의 변화 및 PAF 가 이들에 미치는 영향을 관찰함으로써 PAF 가 흰쥐의 초기 임신에 어떻게 관련하는지를 조사하기 위함이다. 시험구로써 임신 각 일에 $1{\mu}g$ 의 PAF 혹은 이것의 수용체 길항제인 1.25mg의 BN-52021이 근육내 조사되었고 비 임신구 및 대조구에 대하여는 PBS만이 주사되었다. 자궁 조직중의 cAMP 및 cGMP 농도는 분석용 test kit를 사용하여 분석되었다. 비 임신구 경우 자궁 조직중 cAMP 농도는 단백질 mg 당 $2.91{\pm}0.33$ pmol로서 임신 보다도 낮았고 cGMP 농도 또한 $0.39{\pm}0.20$ pmol로서 임신구보다 낮은 경향이 었다. 자궁 조직중 cAMP 의 최고농도는 임신 3일째 ($5.92{\pm}1.72$ pmol/mg protein) 였고 cGMP 경우는 임신 4일째($1.03{\pm}0.22$ pmol/mg protein) 이었다. 임신 각일에 PAF 는 PAF 처리하지 아니한 대조구에 비하여 증가된 cAMP 를 보여주었으나(임신 0, 2, 그리고 4 일째 경우 p<0.05) BN-52021은 감소된 경향을 나타내었다. cGMP에 대하여는 PAF나 BN-52021 공히 일정한 효과적 경향을 보이지 아니하였다. 따라서, 임신은 자궁 조직중 cyclic nucleotide에 영향을 미칠 수 있으며 흰쥐의 착상기동안 PAF는 cGMP에 대하여 보다는 cAMP에 영향을 미침으로써 착상에 관련된 일련의 반응에 영향을 미칠 것으로 사료된다. This study was carried out to observe the change in uterine cyclic nucleotide level and the effect of PAF on cyclic nucleotides in uterine tissue in early pregnany in order to understand reciprocal relation ship between PAF and cyclic nucleotides in pregnancy in the rat. The test groups were injected intramuscularly with $1{\mu}g$ of PAF or 1.25mg of BN-52021 on day 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 of pregnancy. The level of cyclic nucleotide in removed uterine tissue was assayed by using cyclic nucleotides test kits. The results showed that the cyclic AMP content in uterine tissue of non-pregnant at pro-oestrus rat was $2.91{\pm}0.33$ pmol/mg protein which was lower than those of pregnant rat. The cyclic GMP content in uterine tissue of non-pregnant rat was $0.39{\pm}0.20$ pmol/mg pro-tein which was also lower than those of pregnant rats. The maximum level in cAMP was $5.92{\pm}1.72$ pmol/mg protein on day 3 and cGMP, $1.03{\pm}0.22$ pmol/mg protein on day 4. On each day of pregnancy, PAF induced the increased cAMP level ompared with that of intact rat. That was significant on day 0, 2 and 4 of pregnancy, p<0.05, on the other hand PAF receptor antagonist, BN-52021 ecreased cAMP level in uterine tisssue. PAF as well as BN-52021 had not an consistent effect on changes in cGMP level. These results suggest that cyclic nucleotide levels in uterine tissue ware increased during early pregnancy and PAF influences cAMP level in uterine rather than cGMP level during peri-implantation period, accordingly demonstrating a possible involvement of PAF in the regulation of implantation-related events through cAMP-mediated process.

수태양소장경근(手太陽小腸經筋)의 해부학적(解剖學的) 연구(硏究)

박경식,Park, Kyoung-Sik 대한약침학회 2004 Journal of pharmacopuncture Vol.7 No.2

This study was carried to identify the component of Small Intestine Meridian Muscle in human, dividing the regional muscle group into outer, middle, and inner layer. the inner part of body surface were opened widely to demonstrate muscles, nerve, blood vessels and the others, displaying the inner structure of Small Intestine Meridian Muscle. We obtained the results as follows; 1. Small Intestine Meridian Muscle is composed of the muscle, nerve and blood vessels. 2. In human anatomy, it is present the difference between a term of nerve or blood vessels which control the muscle of Meridian Muscle and those which pass near by Meridian Muscle. 3. The inner composition of meridian muscle in human arm is as follows ; 1) Muscle ; Abd. digiti minimi muscle(SI-2, 3, 4), pisometacarpal lig.(SI-4), ext. retinaculum. ext. carpi ulnaris m. tendon.(SI-5, 6), ulnar collateral lig.(SI-5), ext. digiti minimi m. tendon(SI-6), ext. carpi ulnaris(SI-7), triceps brachii(SI-9), teres major(SI-9), deltoid(SI-10), infraspinatus(SI-10, 11), trapezius(Sl-12, 13, 14, 15), supraspinatus(SI-12, 13), lesser rhomboid(SI-14), erector spinae(SI-14, 15), levator scapular(SI-15), sternocleidomastoid(SI-16, 17), splenius capitis(SI-16), semispinalis capitis(SI-16), digasuicus(SI-17), zygomaticus major(Il-18), masseter(SI-18), auriculoris anterior(SI-19) 2) Nerve ; Dorsal branch of ulnar nerve(SI-1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6), br. of mod. antebrachial cutaneous n.(SI-6, 7), br. of post. antebrachial cutaneous n.(SI-6,7), br. of radial n.(SI-7), ulnar n.(SI-8), br. of axillary n.(SI-9), radial n.(SI-9), subscapular n. br.(SI-9), cutaneous n. br. from C7, 8(SI-10, 14), suprascapular n.(SI-10, 11, 12, 13), intercostal n. br. from T2(SI-11), lat. supraclavicular n. br.(SI-12), intercostal n. br. from C8, T1(SI-12), accessory n. br.(SI-12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17), intercostal n. br. from T1,2(SI-13), dorsal scapular n.(SI-14, 15), cutaneous n. br. from C6, C7(SI-15), transverse cervical n.(SI-16), lesser occipital n. & great auricular n. from cervical plexus(SI-16), cervical n. from C2,3(SI-16), fascial n. br.(SI-17), great auricular n. br.(SI-17), cervical n. br. from C2(SI-17), vagus n.(SI-17),hypoglossal n.(SI-17), glossopharyngeal n.(SI-17), sympathetic trunk(SI-17), zygomatic br. of fascial n.(SI-18), maxillary n. br.(SI-18), auriculotemporal n.(SI-19), temporal br. of fascial n.(SI-19) 3) Blood vessels ; Dorsal digital vein.(SI-1), dorsal br. of proper palmar digital artery(SI-1), br. of dorsal metacarpal a. & v.(SI-2, 3, 4), dorsal carpal br. of ulnar a.(SI-4, 5), post. interosseous a. br.(SI-6,7), post. ulnar recurrent a.(SI-8), circuirflex scapular a.(SI-9, 11) , post. circumflex humeral a. br.(SI-10), suprascapular a.(SI-10, 11, 12, 13), first intercostal a. br.(SI-12, 14), transverse cervical a. br.(SI-12,13,14,15), second intercostal a. br.(SI-13), dorsal scapular a. br.(SI-13, 14, 15), ext. jugular v.(SI-16, 17), occipital a. br.(SI-16), Ext. jugular v. br.(SI-17), post. auricular a.(SI-17), int. jugular v.(SI-17), int. carotid a.(SI-17), transverse fascial a. & v.(SI-18),maxillary a. br.(SI-18), superficial temporal a. & v.(SI-19).

한국의 미숙아 및 정상분만아 산모유의 조성

박경식,강국희 ( Kyung Sik Park,Kook Hee Kang ) 한국낙농학회 1990 韓國酪農學會誌 Vol.12 No.1

자침이 뇌에 미치는 영향

박경식,Park Kyoung-Sik 대한예방한의학회 2000 대한예방한의학회지 Vol.4 No.2

This study was carried to identify whether acupuncture of several acupuncture points can affect the brain and to observe which aspects appear in EEG mapping, using electroencephalography. Those results are as follows ; 1. The pattern of resting computerized EEG map in intact human is appered normal 2. Each Acupuncture in Kwan Weon or Jog Sam Ri meridian points bring about the increase in $\theta,\;\alpha-wave$ activity and at various area of the cerebrium and the decrease in $\delta,\;\beta-wave$ activity. It strands to reason that brain function is elevated On the other hand , synchronous acupuncture bring about the decrease of brain function in view of the decrease of $\delta,\;\theta-wave$ activity at frontal area, and the unstable brain state in view of the increase of $\beta-wave$ activity. 3. Acupuncture in Hyeon Jong meridian point bring about the increase of $\delta,\;\theta-wave$ activity at frontal area and $\beta-wave$ activity at temporal area. From these we deduce that brain function is declined and brain is unstable. Synchronous acupuncture with other meridian points reversly showed that brain function is elevated. 4. Synchronous acupuncture in Kwan Weon , Jog Sam Ri, Hyeon Jong bring about the decrease of the brain function and the unstable brain state, showing the pattern of increased $\delta,\;\theta-wave$ activity at frontal, parietal area, and increased $\beta-wave$ activity at temporal area.

Chlortetracycline Fluoresence 분석을 통한 수정능 획득 과정에서의 $Ca^{2+}$-ATPase 역할

박경식,Park, Kyoung-Sik 대한생식의학회 1998 Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine Vol.25 No.3

It has been reported that the $Ca^{2+}$-ATPase and the $Ca^{2+}-Na^+$ exchanger play an important role for the regulation of intracellular $Ca^{2+}$ in somatic cells, the $Ca^{2+}$-ATPase located in the plasma membrane helps the $Ca^{2+}$ concentration in maintain low $[Ca^{2+}]_i$. Roldan & Fleming reported that the spermatozoan $Ca^{2+}$-ATPase plays an important role in the capacitation and acrosome reaction. We used to assess $Ca^{2+}$ changes by chlortetracycline (CTC) patterns in the capacitation and acrosome reaction of human and hamster spermatozoa. In the present study applying quercetin which has been known as an ATPase antagonist, the enzymatic effect of $Ca^{2+}$-ATPase on capacitation and acrosome reaction was found to be remarkable: a significant increase of the transformation from the original type to the B type and the AR type of spermatozoa. This finding suggests that $Ca^{2+}$-ATPase play an important role in the efflux and the influx of the $Ca^{2+}$ which have been known to be an essential factor for the capacitation and acrosome reaction, and that the inhibitory action of the $Ca^{2+}$-ATPase might be a prerequsit step toward the capacitation and acrosome reaction. In conclusion, this study suggest the considerable evidence as follows: the increment of the intracellular $Ca^{2+}$ concentration occurred by controlling the slope of $Ca^{2+}$ concentration through $Ca^{2+}$-ATPase activites in both the intracellular and extracellulr fluid may be important procedures for the capacitation and the acrosome reaction, and finally for fertilization of the sperm and ovum.

Anatomical Study on the Foot Soeum Meridian Muscle in Human

박경식,Park, Kyoung-Sik Society for Meridian and Acupoint 2012 Korean Journal of Acupuncture Vol.28 No.4

본 연구는 족소음경근의 구성요소에 대하여 문헌 해석과 인체의 층별 해부를 통하여 해부학적 관점에서 관찰해 보기 위하여 수행되었다. 그리하여 다음과 같은 결론을 얻을 수 있었다. 1. 본 연구 결과 족소음경근의 구성요소와 분석방법에 있어서 기존의 연구와 다소 차이를 보여준다. 2. 족소음경근의 경로와 병증 증상 등을 고려할 때 족소음경근은 근육, 근막, 인대, 그리고 관련 신경을 포함하는 포괄적 개념으로 보인다. 3. 족소음경근의 분포는 경락과 밀접한 관련성이 있으나 일치하지는 않는 것으로 보이며 특히 치골부위 이상의 부위에선 그러할 것으로 사료된다. 4. 이론적으로 MPS와 Anatomy train 같은 가설과는 약간의 차이가 있어 보이며 굳이 관련시켜 생각할 이유가 없다고 생각한다. Objectives : This study was investigated to observe Foot Soeum Meridian Muscle in human. Methods : In order to expose components related to Foot Soeum Meridian Muscle, cadaver was dissected in the order of their depth; being respectively divided into superficial, middle, and deep layer. Results : Anatomical components related to Foot Soeum Meridian Muscle in human are composed of muscles such as flexor digitorum brevis tendon, abductor hallucis muscle, psoas major m., erector spinae m., and flexor retinaculum, fascia such as plantar aoneurosis, ligament such as sacrotuberal ligament, sacrospinous lig., nuchal lig., nerves such as plantar cut. br. of med. plantar nerve, med. crural cut. br. of saphenous n., br. of tibial n., post. femoral cut. n., spinal n.(dorsal rami of C4-6, T7-12, L1-3, and S1-3), and autonomic nervous system(sacral plexus, pelvic splanchnic n., etc.), and etc. Conclusions : This study shows comparative differences from established studies on anatomical components related to Foot Soeum Meridian Muscle, and the methodical aspects of analytic process. In addition, Foot Soeum Meridian Muscle in human is a comprehensive concept including the relevant nerves, but it remains questionable.

한국의 미숙 및 정상분만아의 식이별 (食餌別) 장내균총에 (腸內菌叢) 관한 연구 - II. 식이별 정상분만아의 장내균총의 변화

박경식,강국희 ( Kyung Sik Park,Kook Hee Kang ) 한국낙농학회 1991 韓國酪農學會誌 Vol.13 No.1

영상의 텍스쳐 정보를 이용한 내용 기반 영상 검색에 관한 연구

박경식(Kyung-Shik Park),박강서(Kang-Seo Park),홍민석(Min-Suk Hong),정태윤(Tae-Yun Chung),박상희(Sang-Hui Park) 대한전기학회 1999 대한전기학회 학술대회 논문집 Vol.1999 No.11