장애학생 SW교육에 대한 특수교사의 인식 및 현황에 대한 분석

문영임(Youngim Moon),이성규(Seongyu Lee),정희영(Heeyoung Jung),최한주(Hanju Choi) 한국장애인재활협회 2021 재활복지 Vol.25 No.4

본 연구는 특수교육 현장에서의 효과적인 SW교육 실행 방안 수립을 위해 장애학생대상 SW교육을 진행하는 특수교사들의 SW교육에 대한 인식 및 특수학교 SW교육 현황을 실질적으로 파악하는 것에 목적이 있다. 이에 문헌 및 선행연구를 참고하여 구조화된 설문지를 구성하였고, 온라인 설문방식을 통해 전국 168개의 특수학교에 재직 중인 특수교사를 대상으로 설문지를 배포하였으며, 총 205명의 특수교사가 조사에 응답했다. 연구의 조사결과 첫째, 특수교사들의 SW교육 인식 수준은 대체로 긍정적인 것으로 나타났으나, 특수학교 SW교육 교과과정 관련 지침 및 세부 정보에 대한 이해는 다소 부족한 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 장애학생 SW교육 현황과 관련해서는 특수학교별 실행되는 수준 및 인프라 구성의 편차가 크며, 현재까지 체계적인 교육 및 운영체계가 정립되지 않은 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 특수교사의 SW교육 관련 도구에 대한 인지도 및 활용, 접근성의 경우 일반학교 교사에 비해 상당히 낮은 수준임을 확인할 수 있었다. 마지막으로 장애학생을 대상으로 효과적인 SW교육 실행을 위해서는 장애학생 특성을 고려한 맞춤형 SW교육 도구 개발 및 SW교육 관련 교원연수 등을 통한 교습자의 역량 강화가 필수요소인 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 결과를 바탕으로 본 연구에서는 장애학생을 위한 SW교육이 효과적으로 시행될 수 있도록 정책적⋅실천적 시사점을 제시하였다. The purpose of this study is to substantially understand the perception of SW education by special teachers who conduct SW education for disabled students and the current status of SW education for special schools in order to establish effective SW education implementation measures in the field of special education. Accordingly, a structured questionnaire was organized by referring to literature and previous studies, and through an online questionnaire method, questionnaires were distributed to 168 special schools nationwide, and a total of 205 special teachers responded to the survey. As a result of the study, first, the level of awareness of SW education by special teachers was generally positive, but the understanding of guidelines and details related to SW education courses in special schools was somewhat insufficient. Second, regarding the current status of SW education for disabled students, there is a large variation in the level of implementation and infrastructure composition for each special school, and it was found that no systematic education and operation system has been established so far. Third, it was confirmed that the recognition, utilization, and accessibility of SW education-related tools of special teachers were considerably lower than that of general school teachers. Finally, it was found that for effective SW education implementation for disabled students, it is essential to develop customized SW education tools considering the characteristics of disabled students and strengthen the competence of instructors through SW education-related teacher training. Based on these results, policy and practical implications were presented so that SW education for disabled students can be effectively implemented.

동남권(부산, 울산,경남) 청년의 유출입 특성 및 유출 결정요인

문영만(Moon, Young-man),류장수(Ryu, Jang-soo) 한국지역사회학회 2020 지역사회연구 Vol.28 No.3

본 논문은 한국고용정보원의 ‘대졸자직업이동경로조사’ 10년간 자료(2008GOMS~2017GOMS)를 이용하여 동남권 대졸 청년의 유출입 특성 및 유출 결정요인을 분석하였다. 첫째, 동남권 청년의 1차 유출(대학진학) 및 2차 유출(취업) 실태를 분석한 결과, 인근 지역을 제외하고는 수도권에 소재한 대학과 기업으로 유출되었으며, 이러한 현상은 지난 10년간 지속되었다. 이는 청년들이 선호하는 대학과 근로조건이 양호한 대기업 등이 수도권에 많기 때문이다. 그리고 대학진학을 위해 1차 유출됐던 청년의 38.6%만이 동남권으로 회귀하고, 61.4%가 유출된 지역에 취업한 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 어떠한 특성을 가진 청년들이 수도권대학으로 유출되는지를 분석한 결과, 여학생일수록, 연령이 많을수록, 특목고 졸업생일수록, 부모 학력이 높을수록, 가구소득이 많을수록 유출비율이 높았다. 그리고 1차 유출에 가장 큰 영향을 미친 변수는 특목고와 가구소득 변수로 나타났다. 이러한 분석결과는 부모의 소득 격차가 자녀들의 학력과 취업격차로 이어질 수 있음을 시사한다. 셋째, 동남권 대졸 청년의 2차 유출(취업) 결정요인을 분석한 결과, 남성일수록, 연령이 낮을수록, 4년제 대학일수록, 국·공립대일수록, 대학성적이 높을수록, 기업 규모가 클수록, 임금이 높을수록 타지역(혹은 수도권) 기업으로 유출될 확률이 높았다. 이러한 분석결과는 상대적으로 우수한 청년들이 타지역으로 유출되고 있으며, 주요한 요인은 기업 규모와 임금격차 등 이었다. First, as a result of analyzing the youth labor market in the Southeast region, the youth employment rate in 2019 was 3.8%p lower than the capital area, and the monthly average wage was 30.4 million won less. Second, as a result of analyzing the first outflow (college entrance) and the second outflow (employment) of young people in Southeast Areas, the outflow was mainly to universities and companies located in the metropolitan area. This is because there are many universities and large corporations that young people prefer. Third, as a result of analyzing the characteristics of the students leaked to the metropolitan university, the more likely it is that female students, older age, graduates of special high schools (science, etc.), higher educational background of parents, and higher household incomes. Fourth, as a result of analyzing the second outflow determinants (employment) of Southeastern university graduates, Males, younger ages, four-year colleges, national and public universities, higher university grades, larger firms, and higher wages have higher probability of outflow to other regional (or metropolitan) companies. This analysis shows that relatively good young people are spilled into the metropolitan area, The main factor is the high wage level of the inflow region and the large number of large corporations. Therefore, in order to prevent the outflow of high-educated youth talents and settle as future growth engines in the region, it is necessary to close the labor market gap between regions and improve the quality of jobs in the outflow regions.

원 · 하청기업의 임금 격차 및 해소방안에 관한 연구 - 공급측 요인과 수요측 요인의 종합적 접근 -

문영만(Moon, Young-Man) 한국지역사회학회 2019 지역사회연구 Vol.27 No.2

본 연구는 원·하청기업의 임금 격차 및 결정요인을 공급측 요인뿐만 아니라 수요측 요인도 함께 분석하였으며, 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, Oaxaca-Blinder의 임금 격차 요인분해법을 활용하여 공급측 요인의 임금 격차 요인을 분해한 결과, 원·하청기업의 총임금격차는 47.5%였으며, 이 중 인적자본 등의 차이에 의한 임금 격차가 28.8%이고, 차별에 의한 임금 격차가 18.7%로 추정되었다. 임금 격차의 주요한 요인은 기업 규모, 근속연수, 학력 순이었으며, 비제조업보다 제조업에서 더 컸다. 둘째, 기업의 경영실적 등 수요측 요인의 임금 격차 요인을 분해한 결과, 총임금격차는 39.1%였으며, 이 중 기업특성 등의 차이에 의한 임금 격차가 32.2%, 차별에 의한 임금 격차가 6.3%로 추정되었다. 임금 격차에 미치는 영향력은 기업 규모, 부가가치 노동생산성, 노조, 외주비율 순으로 컸다. 셋째, 하청기업의 임금 결정요인을 추정한 결과, 공급측 요인은 남성, 연령, 학력, 노조, 근속연수 등의 변수가 유의한 정(+)의 영향을 미치고, 비정규직 변수는 부(-)의 영향을 미쳤다. 수요측 요인은 자본집약도, 연구개발비(t-3), 부가가치 노동생산성, 노조 변수는 유의한 정(+)의 영향을 미치는 반면, 외주비율과 거래집중도 변수는 하청기업의 임금에 부(-)의 영향을 미쳤다. 이러한 분석결과는 원·하청기업의 임금 격차를 해소하기 위해서는 인적자본의 차이 등 공급측 요인뿐만 아니라 기업의 경영실적 등 수요측 요인도 함께 고려하여 종합적으로 접근할 필요가 있음을 시사한다. First, As a result of decomposing the total wage gap and factor of supply side factors using factor decomposition method of Oaxaca-Blinder, the gross wage gap of the flagship company and subcontractors was 47.5%. Among them, the wage gap due to the difference in human capital was 28.8%, and the wage gap due to discrimination was estimated at 18.7%. Second, the total wage gap was 39.1% as a result of decomposing the gross wage gap and factors due to demand side factors such as business performance. Among them, the wage gap was 32.2% due to differences in characteristics of firms, The wage gap due to discrimination was estimated at 6.3%. Third, as a result of estimating the wage determinants of the subcontractors, the supply side factors had a significant positive effect on the variables such as gender (male = 1), age, education, labor union, and years of service. The demand-side factors had a significant positive impact on capital intensity, R & D expenditure (t-3), value added labor productivity, and unions. However, the outsourcing ratio and transaction concentration variables were negatively related to wages of subcontractors.

노동문제에 대한 통계적 분석 : 패널데이터를 이용한 정규직과 비정규직의 노동조합 가입의향 결정요인

문영만 ( Young Man Moon ) 한국산업노동학회 2013 산업노동연구 Vol.19 No.2

본 연구는 한국노동패널데이터(6차~13차)를 병합하여 정규직과 비정규직의 노조가입의 향 결정요인에 대해 ‘패널 로짓 확률효과 모형’을 사용하여 분석하였다. 종속변수인 노조가입의향에 대해 정규직은 성별, 연령, 사업체 규모, 임금, 직무만족도, 노조만족도, 이직의사, 직종(생산기능직) 등의 변수가 통계적으로 유의미한 영향을 미쳤으며, 비정규직은 연령, 학력(대학원졸), 사업체규모, 고용안정, 노조만족도, 이직의사, 직종(생산기능직) 등의 변수가 유의미한 영향을 미쳤다. 연령, 사업체규모, 노조만족도, 이직의사, 직종(생산기능직) 변수는 고용형태와 관계없이 정규직과 비정규직 모두에서 노조가입의향에 통계적으로 유의미한 영향을 미치는 반면, 성별, 임금, 학력, 고용안정성 변수는 고용형태에 따라 다르게 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 그리고 각 변수별로 노조가입의향에 어느 정도 영향을 미치는 지를 살펴보기 위해 승산비를 분석한 결과, 정규직은 노조만족도(3.2배), 이직의사(1.9배), 성별(1.5배), 사업체규모(대기업1.5배, 중기업 1.3배) 순으로 영향을 미쳤으며, 비정규직은 노조만족도(3.6배), 사업체규모(대기업 3.0배, 중기업 2.0배), 이직의사(1.9배), 직종(생산기능직 1.8배) 순으로 영향을 미쳤다. 따라서 비노조원의 노조가입의향을 높이기 위해서는 최우선적으로 노조만족도를 높일 필요가 있으며, 정규직과 비정규직의 고용형태별 특성을 고려할 필요가 있다. 또한 노조가입률이 지속적으로 하락하고 있으나 비노조원의 24%가 노조가입의향이 있는 것으로 분석되었다. 이러한 잠재된 수요를 노조가입으로 연결시키기 위해서는 노조가 없는 사업장에 노조를 적극적으로 공급함과 더불어 정규직노조의 가입범위를 비정규직까지 확장할필요가 있다. This study analyzed the determinants of the regular and non-regular employees` willingness to join the labor unions by using the ``panel logit random effect model`` after combing the Korean Labor and Income Panel Data (KLIPS) (6th~13th). As for the willingness of joining labor unions which is a dependent variable, the variables such as gender, age, business size, wage, job satisfaction, union satisfaction, turnover intention, job type (production and technical posts) had a statistically significant effect on the regular employees, while the variables such as age, education (graduate diploma), business size, employment stability, union satisfaction, turnover intention, job type (production and technical posts) had a significant effect on non-regular employees. While the variables such as age, business size, turnover intention, job type (production and technical posts) had a statistically significant effect on the willingness of joining labor unions in both of the regular and non regular employees regardless of the employment type, the variables such as gender, wage, education, employment stability were found to have an effect differently depending on the employment type. In addition, as a result of analyzing the odds ratio to investigate the extent to which each variable has effect on the willingness of joining labor unions, the regular employees were affected by the variables in the order of union satisfaction (3.2 times), turnover intention (1.9 times), gender (1.5 times), and business size (large businesses, 1.5 times; medium sized businesses, 1.3 times), while the non-regular employees were affected by the variables in the order of union satisfaction (3.6 times), business size (large businesses, 3.0 times; medium-sized businesses, 2.0 times), turnover intention (1.9 times), and job type (production and technical posts, 1.8 times). Therefore, in order to increase the non-regular employees` willingness to join labor unions, there is a need to increase union satisfaction as a priority, and the characteristics of the regular and non-regular employees by employment type need to be considered. Additionally, it has been analyzed that 24% of the non-union members have the willingness to join labor unions although the rate of joining unions is continuously decreasing, In order to connect these potential demands to joining labor unions, there is a need to expand the range of joining regular employees` labor unions to non-regular employees as well as providing labor unions actively for the workplaces without a labor union.

원·하청기업의 노동소득분배율 결정요인

문영만(Moon, Young-Man),김종호(Kim, Jong-Ho) 한국사회경제학회 2018 사회경제평론 Vol.31 No.3

본 연구의 분석결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 패널회귀분석을 통해 원·하청 기업의 노동소득분배율 결정요인을 추정한 결과, 거래집중도, 외주가공비, 자본집약도, 시장점유율 변수는 유의한 부(-)의 영향을 미치고, 노조조직률 과 연구개발비 변수는 정(+)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 추정되었다. 특히, 연구 개발비는 투자가 이뤄진 해당연도(t기)에는 노동소득분배율에 유의하지 않거나 부정적인 영향을 미쳤으나, 시간이 흐름(t-1기, t-2기)에 따라 긍정적인 영향을 미쳤다. 둘째, 지난 11년간(2006~2016)의 원·하청기업의 노동소득분배 율은 모든 연도에서 하청기업이 더 높았다. 원청기업보다 임금수준이 낮은 하청기업의 노동소득분배율이 더 높다는 것은 하청기업의 지불능력이 개선되지 않고는 원·하청기업 간 임금불평등을 해소할 수 없다는 것을 시사한다. This study empirically analyzed the labor income share of primary and subcontractors. The results are as follows. First, panel regression analysis showed that the variables of transaction concentration, outsourcing cost, capital intensity, and market share had a significant negative effect, while union organization rate and R & D investment had positive effects. In particular, the R & D variable had a negative effect on the share of labor income in the year of investment (t), but had a positive impact on the long-term (t-1, t-2). Second, the share of labor income during the last 11 years (2006~2016) was higher in subcontractors with lower wage levels. This analysis implies that the wage inequality between the primary and subcontracting enterprises can not be eliminated without improving the solvency of subcontractors.

기업 차원의 노동소득분배율 결정요인

문영만(Moon Young man),홍장표(Hong Jong pyo) 한국경제발전학회 2017 經濟發展硏究 Vol.23 No.2

본 연구는 통계청의 기업활동조사(2008년~2014년)와 부경대 SSK산업생태계 연구단에서 구축한‘기업 간 거래네트워크 DB’를 병합하여 기업차원의 노동소득분배율 결정요인을 분석하였으며, 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 기업차원 노동소득분배율은 2009년 글로벌 금융위기 시기에 약간 하락하였으나 2011년도 이후 점차 회복되는 추세를 보였다. 업종별로는 제조업(56.8%)이 비제조업(64.3%)에 비해 낮았으며, 원청ㆍ대기업(47.9%)이 중소ㆍ하청기업(58.4%)에 비해 낮았다. 둘째, 패널회귀분석을 통해 기업차원의 노동소득분배율 결정요인을 추정한 결과, 노조의 협상력을 의미하는 노조조직률 변수는 전반적으로 노동소득분 배율 높이지만, 사용자의 협상력을 나타내는 외주가공비율 및 비정규직 변수는 노동소득분배율을 낮추는 것으로 나타났다. 다만 해외자회사투자율 변수는 해외투자가 이뤄진 당해 연도에는 노동소득분배율을 낮추지만, 그 다음해에는 노동소득분배율을 높이는 것으로 분석되었다. 셋째, 노동소득분배율 결정요인은 업종(제조업/비제조업)과 원ㆍ하청 거래네트워크 위치에 따라서 다르게 영향을 미쳤으며, 원청ㆍ대기업은 노동소득분배율을 높이는 반면, 중소ㆍ하청기업은 노동소득분배율을 낮추는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 노동소득분 배율을 높이기 위해서는 적절한 임금인상과 더불어 외주가공 및 비정규직의 축소도 함께 협상할 필요가 있다. 또한 상대적으로 노조조직률과 협상력이 취약한 중소ㆍ하청기업의 노조조직률을 높일 필요가 있으며, 노동소득분배율 결정요인이 업종과 원ㆍ하청 단계별로 다르게 작용하는 만큼 이를 고려할 필요가 있다.(JEL 분류: D3, J3, J5) This study analyzed the determinants of the labor income share ratio at the enterprise level by combining the Enterprise Activity Survey (2008 ~ 2014) of the Statistics Korea and the Intercompany Transaction Network DB of the SSK Ecosystem Research Center of Pukyong National University, and the results are as follows. First, the labor income share ratio at the enterprise level declined slightly due to the global financial crisis in 2009, but it has gradually recovered since 2011. By industry, manufacturing (56.8 percent) was lower than non-manufacturing (64.3 percent), while contractors and large companies (47.9 percent) were lower than subcontractors and small and medium-sized companies (58.4 percent). Second, as a result of the estimation of the labor income share ratio at the enterprise level through panel regression analysis, it was found that the union organization rate variable, which means the bargaining power of the union, generally raises the labor income share ratio but the outsourcing ratio and non-regular worker variable, which mean the bargaining power of the employer, lower the labor income share ratio. However, the analysis showed that the investment ratio of foreign subsidiaries lowered labor income share ratio in the year of foreign investment but it raised the labor income share in the following year. Third, the determinants of the labor income share ratio had different influence depending on the type of industry and the location of contracting-subcontracting network, and the analysis showed that contractors and large companies raise the labor income share ratio, while subcontractors and small and medium-sized companies lower the labor income share ratio. Therefore, in order to raise labor income share ratio, it is necessary to discuss not only the appropriate wage increase but also the reduction of outsourcing and non-regular workers. In addition, it is necessary to raise the union organization rate of small and medium-sized companies and subcontractors with relatively low union organization rate and weak bargaining power. It is also necessary to analyze the determinants of the labor income share ratio considering that they act differently depending on the industry and the contracting-subcontracting phases.(JEL Classification: D3, J3, J5)

우리나라 대학생들의 영어 대화 함의 해석 능력

문영인(Moon, Young-in) 한국외국어교육학회 2009 Foreign languages education Vol.16 No.3

Conversational implicature is a means of indirect communication. Many times the literal meaning of what someone says does not match with the intended meaning of the speaker. In this case, the listener has to search for another possible meaning that is derived from the given context. Messages that are understood through this inferential process are called implicatures(Grice, 1975). Conversational implicature is, in fact, a common and frequently used strategy in communication. However, coming from different cultural background, EFL learners often experience difficulty understanding implicature due to lack of exposure to and explicit instruction of it. This study specifically investigates Korean university students' ability to interpret English conversational implicatures. Given the situational descriptions and dialogues, the participants were asked to indicate their level of confidence on the 5-point Likert scale. They wetr then asked to write down their own interpretation of implicatures asked. The results showed that the participants misunderstood the implicatures 30% of the time, and they especially showed a great difficulty understanding the 'understated criticism,' one of the categories of implicatures. The analysis also illustrated that the confidence level and the accuracy in interpreting English implicatures did not always coincide with each other. The results are expected to provide useful pedagogical suggestions to English teachers and text developers.

요청과 불평에서 나타난 언어 수준별 화용능력 발달 특징

문영인(Moon Young-in) 한국외국어교육학회 2006 Foreign languages education Vol.13 No.1

The review of previous studies on interlanguage pragmatics reveals that they have been modelled on cross-cultural pragmatics. However, in order for interlanguage pragmatics to contribute in the area of second language acquisition, it should examine how L2 pragmatic competence develops as L2 linguistic competence increases. Therefore, interlanguage pragmatics studies should be modelled on acquisitional pragmatics. As an effort to explore developmental features of pragmatic competence by linguistic proficiency, this study investigated the speech act behaviors of three linguistically distinctive groups. A total of 159 English learners, which consisted of high school 1st and 2nd graders, university freshmen, and university seniors, participated in this study. Their written responses to the 7 situations in the Discourse Completion Test (DCT) were analyzed in terms of response length, vocabulary, request forms, and the use of please. The three groups showed different behavioral patterns in the realization of requests and complaints, utilizing different linguistic strategies to be responsive to the social factors. For future research, expanding learner population to include very low and high level learners, developing a new research tool other than DCT, a more systematic grouping by linguistic proficiency were suggested.

광역시·도별 임금격차 실증분석

문영만(Moon, Young Man) 한국지역사회학회 2013 지역사회연구 Vol.21 No.1

This study estimated the wage differentials of 16 metropolitan cities and provinces based on the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) survey conducted by the Korea Employment Information Service. The OLS regression analysis confirmed that wage premium in Seoul and its surrounding areas existed. In particular, the average monthly wage in Ulsan area was higher than that of Seoul, Gyeonggi and Incheon, when the human capital that affected wages was not controlled. However, when the human capital was controlled, the wage level of Ulsan in terms of net wage differentials was lower than those of Gyeonggi, Incheon and Seoul. When decomposing wage differentials by using Oaxaca decomposition, the wage differential between the labor market in Seoul metropolitan area and non-Seoul metropolitan area was estimated to be 8.15%. The biggest factors that affected wage differentials were education and career variables. The wage discrimination by gender was more serious in non-Seoul metropolitan area than in Seoul metropolitan area.

임상연구 : 어려운 기관내삽관이 예측되는 상황에서 초보자에 의한 삽관 시 변형된 후두경 날이 치아 손상의 위험성에 미치는 영향

문영은 ( Young Eun Moon ),김창재 ( Chang Jae Kim ),김정은 ( Jeong Eun Kim ),홍상현 ( Sang Hyun Hong ),전준표 ( Jun Pyo Jeon ),정현도 ( Hyun Do Jung ),이재민 ( Jae Min Lee ) 대한마취과학회 2008 Korean Journal of Anesthesiology Vol.55 No.5

Background: Dental trauma is one of the most common complications during laryngoscopy, especially by novice. As the chance of making direct contact with the teeth is decreased during laryngoscopy, the chance of applying direct pressure to the teeth is decreased, thus the injury by the blade also can be decreased. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of a modified Macintosh blade on reducing dental contact and the risk of dental trauma by novice laryngoscopists in anticipated difficult airway. Methods: Sixty-six patients scheduled for elective surgery were divided into Easy group and Difficult group according to Wilson`s risk sum score. Laryngoscopy was performed twice on each patient by novice, once with a regular Macintosh 3 blade and once with a blade in which the flange was partially removed (Callander modification). The distance between the flange of the blade and the upper incisors at glottic exposure was measured. We compared the blade-tooth distances and the chance of directly contacting the tooth between two blades. Results: The modified blade provided more distance than the regular Macintosh blade in both group (P<0.001). It is also associated with decreased chance of directly contacting the teeth, especially in Difficult group (73.7% with regular blade vs 10.6% with the modified blade) (P<0.001). Conclusions: The modified Macintosh blade used in this study proved to be an effective device for novice laryngoscopists in reducing likelihood of dental injuries in anticipated difficult intubation. (Korean J Anesthesiol 2008;55:549~53)